HOMEWORK 8

1. Explain why carbon is able to form so many more compounds than any other element. Because carbon’s atoms have the capacity to form bonds carbon-carbon simples, double and triple. They also can join themselves to form chains and cyclic structures.

2. What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons? Aliphatic doesn’t have benzene group or benzene ring but aromatic has one or more of them. (benzene rings)

3. What do “saturated” and “unsaturated” mean when applied to hydrocarbons? Give examples of a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated: It result when carbons are full bond of hydrogens. E.p: methane, ethane, propane and all the alkanes. Unsaturated: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, because the carbon molecules make double or triple bonds among them (carbon-carbon), then the rest are bonded with hydrogens. E.p: butane, propene, 1-bromopropene.

4. Give three sources of methane. - Thermites. - Cows. - Natural gas.

5. Describe reactions that are characteristic of:

Alkanes: Normally don’t react too much, but when they do is usually as combustion, given off huge amounts of energy in an exothermic process. Halogenation, the substitution of hydrogen by halogen elements it’s another kind of reaction. Alkenes: Addition reaction is the property of a molecular for bond with another molecule like Hydrogenation. Alkynes: In this, reactions are powerful, these kinds of molecules are unstable, and under pressure the reaction can produce an explosion.

6. What are functional groups? Why is it logical and useful to classify organic compounds according to their functional groups? Functional groups are groups of atoms that are largely responsible for the

chemical behavior of the parent molecule. Different molecules containing the

same kind of functional group or groups undergo similar reactions.

This is very important because with this we can study and understand the

properties of many organic compounds.

7. Classify each of the following molecules as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, amine, or ether

a) Because contain a R−O−R group on it, is an ether. b) In this molecule exist 𝑅3𝑁 group thus is an amine. c) Here it contains a carbonyl group, and at least, it has

one molecule of hydrogen bonded to carbon. It is an aldehyde.

d) A carbonyl group again. However, in this case there isn’t any hydrogen atoms bonded with the carbonyl. This is a ketone.

e) This molecule contains a carboxyl group. It is a carboxylic acid.

f) In this molecule contains a hydroxyl group (−OH). This is alcohol.

g) Here we have an amine and a carboxylic acid, this is an amino acid.

8. Name the following compounds: a) 2-Methylpentane. b) 2,3,4-trimethylhexane. c) 3-ethylhexane. d) 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene. e) 2-pentyne. f) 3-phenyl-1-pentene.

9. Write structural formulas for the following organic compounds:

a) 3-methylhexane. b) 1, 3, 5-trichlorocyclohexane. c) 2, 3-dimethylpentane. d) 2-bromo- 4-phenylpentane. e) 3, 4, 5-trimethyloctane.

10. Draw structures for molecules with the following formulas: a) CH4O. b) C2H6O. c) C3H6O2. d) C3H8O.