homogeneous catalyst

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Excelet Homogeneous Catalysis Let's examine the following consecutive homogeneous reactions. What is the overall reaction (sum the two reactions)? answer (place cursor over yellow cell) Click the tabs to navigate!!! What is the purpose of "C" in the reaction? If (C) o = 0, does the reaction proceed? 1 -1 2 k k k reactions + + + A P AC AC C B C

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Homogeneous Catalyst

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Page 1: Homogeneous Catalyst

Excelet

Homogeneous Catalysis

Let's examine the following consecutive homogeneous reactions.What is the overall reaction (sum the two reactions)?

answer (place cursor over yellow cell)

Click the tabs to navigate!!!

What is the purpose of "C" in the reaction? If (C)o = 0, does the reaction proceed?

1

-1

2

k

k

k

reactions

+

+ +

A

P

AC

AC C B

C

J5
Homogeneous reactions: when all reactants and products are in the SAME phase - all gases or all dissolved in solution.
E16
A + B ----> P
Page 2: Homogeneous Catalyst

Homogeneous Catalysis1 1.2 0.1 0

all substances in the same phase

initial A initial B initial catalyst

0 -5 0 -5 0 -5

30.7 -5 30.7 -5 30.7 -5

Rate constants

3

0.5

2

6

time (A) (C) (AC) (B) (P)

0 1 0.1 0 1.2 0 timestep = 0.1

0.1 0.97 0.07 0.03 1.2 0

0.2 0.95113 0.05833 0.04167 1.1928 0.0072

0.3 0.93657 0.05371 0.04629 1.182859 0.017141

0.4 0.923793 0.051885 0.048115 1.171908 0.028092

0.5 0.91182 0.051189 0.048811 1.160631 0.039369

0.6 0.900258 0.050957 0.049043 1.149301 0.050699

0.7 0.888948 0.05092 0.04908 1.138028 0.061972

0.8 0.877822 0.050965 0.049035 1.126857 0.073143

0.9 0.866852 0.051047 0.048953 1.115806 0.084194 spreadsheet based on:

(A)o = (B)o = (C)o =

k1 =

k-1 =

k2 =

K = k1/k-1 =

binding to C

Do not print: 11 pages of calculations below!!!

Sinex 2007

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4 (A) (C) (AC) (B)(P)

time

con

cen

tra

tio

n

1

-1

2

C

k

k

k

reactions

+

+ +

---------------------------

A

-

C

AC

+

P

A

B

C

B

C

A P

show all initial values

Page 3: Homogeneous Catalyst

1 0.856025 0.051144 0.048856 1.104881 0.095119 M.T. Ashby (2007) Appreciating Formal Similarities in

1.1 0.845334 0.051249 0.048751 1.094085 0.105915 the Kinetics of Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and

1.2 0.834775 0.051357 0.048643 1.083417 0.116583

1.3 0.824345 0.051468 0.048532 1.072877 0.127123

1.4 0.814044 0.05158 0.04842 1.062464 0.137536

1.5 0.803868 0.051693 0.048307 1.052175 0.147825

1.6 0.793817 0.051808 0.048192 1.042009 0.157991

1.7 0.783889 0.051923 0.048077 1.031966 0.168034

1.8 0.774082 0.052039 0.047961 1.022043 0.177957

1.9 0.764396 0.052156 0.047844 1.01224 0.18776

2 0.754827 0.052274 0.047726 1.002554 0.197446

2.1 0.745376 0.052392 0.047608 0.992984 0.207016

2.2 0.736041 0.052512 0.047488 0.983529 0.216471

2.3 0.72682 0.052632 0.047368 0.974188 0.225812

2.4 0.717712 0.052753 0.047247 0.964959 0.235041

2.5 0.708716 0.052875 0.047125 0.955841 0.244159

2.6 0.69983 0.052998 0.047002 0.946832 0.253168

2.7 0.691054 0.053122 0.046878 0.937932 0.262068

2.8 0.682384 0.053247 0.046753 0.929138 0.270862

2.9 0.673822 0.053372 0.046628 0.92045 0.27955

3 0.665364 0.053498 0.046502 0.911866 0.288134

3.1 0.657011 0.053625 0.046375 0.903385 0.296615

3.2 0.64876 0.053753 0.046247 0.895006 0.304994

3.3 0.64061 0.053882 0.046118 0.886728 0.313272

3.4 0.632561 0.054011 0.045989 0.878549 0.321451

3.5 0.624611 0.054142 0.045858 0.870469 0.329531

3.6 0.616758 0.054273 0.045727 0.862485 0.337515

3.7 0.609003 0.054405 0.045595 0.854597 0.345403

3.8 0.601342 0.054538 0.045462 0.846804 0.353196

3.9 0.593777 0.054672 0.045328 0.839105 0.360895

4 0.586304 0.054806 0.045194 0.831498 0.368502

Enzyme Catalysis, J. Chem. Ed. 84 (9), 1515-1519.

Page 4: Homogeneous Catalyst

4.1 0.578924 0.054942 0.045058 0.823982 0.376018

4.2 0.571635 0.055078 0.044922 0.816557 0.383443

4.3 0.564435 0.055215 0.044785 0.80922 0.39078

4.4 0.557325 0.055353 0.044647 0.801972 0.398028

4.5 0.550303 0.055492 0.044508 0.794811 0.405189

4.6 0.543367 0.055631 0.044369 0.787736 0.412264

4.7 0.536517 0.055771 0.044229 0.780746 0.419254

4.8 0.529752 0.055912 0.044088 0.773839 0.426161

4.9 0.52307 0.056054 0.043946 0.767016 0.432984

5 0.516471 0.056197 0.043803 0.760275 0.439725

5.1 0.509954 0.05634 0.04366 0.753614 0.446386

5.2 0.503518 0.056484 0.043516 0.747034 0.452966

5.3 0.497162 0.056629 0.043371 0.740532 0.459468

5.4 0.490884 0.056775 0.043225 0.734109 0.465891

5.5 0.484684 0.056922 0.043078 0.727762 0.472238

5.6 0.478561 0.057069 0.042931 0.721492 0.478508

5.7 0.472515 0.057217 0.042783 0.715297 0.484703

5.8 0.466543 0.057366 0.042634 0.709177 0.490823

5.9 0.460645 0.057516 0.042484 0.70313 0.49687

6 0.454821 0.057666 0.042334 0.697155 0.502845

6.1 0.44907 0.057817 0.042183 0.691253 0.508747

6.2 0.44339 0.057969 0.042031 0.685421 0.514579

6.3 0.43778 0.058121 0.041879 0.679659 0.520341

6.4 0.432241 0.058275 0.041725 0.673966 0.526034

6.5 0.426771 0.058429 0.041571 0.668342 0.531658

6.6 0.421369 0.058583 0.041417 0.662785 0.537215

6.7 0.416034 0.058739 0.041261 0.657295 0.542705

6.8 0.410766 0.058895 0.041105 0.651871 0.548129

6.9 0.405564 0.059051 0.040949 0.646512 0.553488

7 0.400426 0.059209 0.040791 0.641217 0.558783

7.1 0.395353 0.059367 0.040633 0.635986 0.564014

Page 5: Homogeneous Catalyst

7.2 0.390344 0.059526 0.040474 0.630818 0.569182

7.3 0.385397 0.059685 0.040315 0.625711 0.574289

7.4 0.380512 0.059845 0.040155 0.620666 0.579334

7.5 0.375688 0.060006 0.039994 0.615682 0.584318

7.6 0.370924 0.060167 0.039833 0.610757 0.589243

7.7 0.366221 0.060329 0.039671 0.605891 0.594109

7.8 0.361576 0.060492 0.039508 0.601084 0.598916

7.9 0.35699 0.060655 0.039345 0.596335 0.603665

8 0.352461 0.060819 0.039181 0.591642 0.608358

8.1 0.347989 0.060983 0.039017 0.587006 0.612994

8.2 0.343574 0.061148 0.038852 0.582425 0.617575

8.3 0.339213 0.061314 0.038686 0.5779 0.6221

8.4 0.334908 0.06148 0.03852 0.573428 0.626572

8.5 0.330657 0.061647 0.038353 0.569011 0.630989

8.6 0.32646 0.061814 0.038186 0.564646 0.635354

8.7 0.322315 0.061982 0.038018 0.560334 0.639666

8.8 0.318223 0.06215 0.03785 0.556073 0.643927

8.9 0.314182 0.062319 0.037681 0.551863 0.648137

9 0.310192 0.062488 0.037512 0.547704 0.652296

9.1 0.306253 0.062658 0.037342 0.543595 0.656405

9.2 0.302363 0.062828 0.037172 0.539536 0.660464

9.3 0.298523 0.062999 0.037001 0.535524 0.664476

9.4 0.294731 0.06317 0.03683 0.531561 0.668439

9.5 0.290987 0.063341 0.036659 0.527646 0.672354

9.6 0.287291 0.063513 0.036487 0.523777 0.676223

9.7 0.283641 0.063686 0.036314 0.519955 0.680045

9.8 0.280037 0.063859 0.036141 0.516179 0.683821

9.9 0.27648 0.064032 0.035968 0.512448 0.687552

10 0.272967 0.064206 0.035794 0.508761 0.691239

10.1 0.269499 0.06438 0.03562 0.505119 0.694881

10.2 0.266075 0.064554 0.035446 0.501521 0.698479

Page 6: Homogeneous Catalyst

10.3 0.262694 0.064729 0.035271 0.497965 0.702035

10.4 0.259357 0.064904 0.035096 0.494453 0.705547

10.5 0.256061 0.06508 0.03492 0.490982 0.709018

10.6 0.252808 0.065255 0.034745 0.487553 0.712447

10.7 0.249596 0.065431 0.034569 0.484165 0.715835

10.8 0.246425 0.065608 0.034392 0.480817 0.719183

10.9 0.243295 0.065784 0.034216 0.47751 0.72249

11 0.240204 0.065961 0.034039 0.474243 0.725757

11.1 0.237153 0.066139 0.033861 0.471014 0.728986

11.2 0.23414 0.066316 0.033684 0.467824 0.732176

11.3 0.231166 0.066494 0.033506 0.464673 0.735327

11.4 0.22823 0.066672 0.033328 0.461559 0.738441

11.5 0.225332 0.06685 0.03315 0.458482 0.741518

11.6 0.22247 0.067028 0.032972 0.455442 0.744558

11.7 0.219645 0.067206 0.032794 0.452439 0.747561

11.8 0.216857 0.067385 0.032615 0.449471 0.750529

11.9 0.214103 0.067564 0.032436 0.44654 0.75346

12 0.211386 0.067743 0.032257 0.443643 0.756357

12.1 0.208702 0.067922 0.032078 0.440781 0.759219

12.2 0.206054 0.068101 0.031899 0.437953 0.762047

12.3 0.203439 0.06828 0.03172 0.435159 0.764841

12.4 0.200858 0.06846 0.03154 0.432398 0.767602

12.5 0.198309 0.068639 0.031361 0.42967 0.77033

12.6 0.195794 0.068819 0.031181 0.426975 0.773025

12.7 0.193311 0.068998 0.031002 0.424313 0.775687

12.8 0.190859 0.069178 0.030822 0.421682 0.778318

12.9 0.18844 0.069357 0.030643 0.419082 0.780918

13 0.186051 0.069537 0.030463 0.416514 0.783486

13.1 0.183693 0.069716 0.030284 0.413976 0.786024

13.2 0.181365 0.069896 0.030104 0.411469 0.788531

13.3 0.179067 0.070076 0.029924 0.408992 0.791008

Page 7: Homogeneous Catalyst

13.4 0.176799 0.070255 0.029745 0.406544 0.793456

13.5 0.17456 0.070435 0.029565 0.404125 0.795875

13.6 0.17235 0.070614 0.029386 0.401736 0.798264

13.7 0.170168 0.070793 0.029207 0.399375 0.800625

13.8 0.168014 0.070972 0.029028 0.397042 0.802958

13.9 0.165888 0.071152 0.028848 0.394737 0.805263

14 0.16379 0.071331 0.028669 0.392459 0.807541

14.1 0.161718 0.071509 0.028491 0.390209 0.809791

14.2 0.159673 0.071688 0.028312 0.387985 0.812015

14.3 0.157655 0.071867 0.028133 0.385789 0.814211

14.4 0.155663 0.072045 0.027955 0.383618 0.816382

14.5 0.153696 0.072223 0.027777 0.381473 0.818527

14.6 0.151755 0.072401 0.027599 0.379354 0.820646

14.7 0.149839 0.072579 0.027421 0.37726 0.82274

14.8 0.147947 0.072756 0.027244 0.375191 0.824809

14.9 0.14608 0.072934 0.027066 0.373146 0.826854

15 0.144237 0.073111 0.026889 0.371127 0.828873

15.1 0.142418 0.073287 0.026713 0.369131 0.830869

15.2 0.140622 0.073464 0.026536 0.367159 0.832841

15.3 0.13885 0.07364 0.02636 0.36521 0.83479

15.4 0.137101 0.073816 0.026184 0.363285 0.836715

15.5 0.135374 0.073992 0.026008 0.361382 0.838618

15.6 0.133669 0.074167 0.025833 0.359502 0.840498

15.7 0.131987 0.074342 0.025658 0.357645 0.842355

15.8 0.130326 0.074516 0.025484 0.35581 0.84419

15.9 0.128687 0.074691 0.025309 0.353996 0.846004

16 0.127069 0.074864 0.025136 0.352204 0.847796

16.1 0.125472 0.075038 0.024962 0.350434 0.849566

16.2 0.123895 0.075211 0.024789 0.348684 0.851316

16.3 0.122339 0.075384 0.024616 0.346955 0.853045

16.4 0.120803 0.075556 0.024444 0.345247 0.854753

Page 8: Homogeneous Catalyst

16.5 0.119287 0.075728 0.024272 0.343559 0.856441

16.6 0.117791 0.075899 0.024101 0.341892 0.858108

16.7 0.116314 0.07607 0.02393 0.340244 0.859756

16.8 0.114856 0.076241 0.023759 0.338615 0.861385

16.9 0.113417 0.076411 0.023589 0.337006 0.862994

17 0.111996 0.07658 0.02342 0.335416 0.864584

17.1 0.110594 0.076749 0.023251 0.333845 0.866155

17.2 0.109211 0.076918 0.023082 0.332293 0.867707

17.3 0.107845 0.077086 0.022914 0.330759 0.869241

17.4 0.106496 0.077253 0.022747 0.329243 0.870757

17.5 0.105165 0.07742 0.02258 0.327745 0.872255

17.6 0.103852 0.077587 0.022413 0.326265 0.873735

17.7 0.102555 0.077753 0.022247 0.324803 0.875197

17.8 0.101275 0.077918 0.022082 0.323357 0.876643

17.9 0.100012 0.078083 0.021917 0.321929 0.878071

18 0.098765 0.078247 0.021753 0.320518 0.879482

18.1 0.097534 0.078411 0.021589 0.319124 0.880876

18.2 0.09632 0.078574 0.021426 0.317746 0.882254

18.3 0.09512 0.078736 0.021264 0.316384 0.883616

18.4 0.093937 0.078898 0.021102 0.315039 0.884961

18.5 0.092768 0.079059 0.020941 0.313709 0.886291

18.6 0.091615 0.07922 0.02078 0.312395 0.887605

18.7 0.090477 0.07938 0.02062 0.311097 0.888903

18.8 0.089353 0.079539 0.020461 0.309814 0.890186

18.9 0.088244 0.079698 0.020302 0.308546 0.891454

19 0.087149 0.079856 0.020144 0.307293 0.892707

19.1 0.086069 0.080013 0.019987 0.306055 0.893945

19.2 0.085002 0.08017 0.01983 0.304832 0.895168

19.3 0.083949 0.080326 0.019674 0.303623 0.896377

19.4 0.08291 0.080482 0.019518 0.302428 0.897572

19.5 0.081884 0.080636 0.019364 0.301248 0.898752

Page 9: Homogeneous Catalyst

19.6 0.080871 0.08079 0.01921 0.300081 0.899919

19.7 0.079872 0.080944 0.019056 0.298928 0.901072

19.8 0.078885 0.081096 0.018904 0.297789 0.902211

19.9 0.077911 0.081248 0.018752 0.296663 0.903337

20 0.07695 0.081399 0.018601 0.29555 0.90445

20.1 0.076001 0.08155 0.01845 0.294451 0.905549

20.2 0.075064 0.081699 0.018301 0.293364 0.906636

20.3 0.074139 0.081848 0.018152 0.292291 0.907709

20.4 0.073226 0.081997 0.018003 0.291229 0.908771

20.5 0.072325 0.082144 0.017856 0.290181 0.909819

20.6 0.071435 0.082291 0.017709 0.289145 0.910855

20.7 0.070557 0.082437 0.017563 0.28812 0.91188

20.8 0.069691 0.082582 0.017418 0.287108 0.912892

20.9 0.068835 0.082727 0.017273 0.286108 0.913892

21 0.06799 0.08287 0.01713 0.28512 0.91488

21.1 0.067156 0.083013 0.016987 0.284143 0.915857

21.2 0.066333 0.083156 0.016844 0.283178 0.916822

21.3 0.065521 0.083297 0.016703 0.282224 0.917776

21.4 0.064719 0.083438 0.016562 0.281281 0.918719

21.5 0.063927 0.083577 0.016423 0.280349 0.919651

21.6 0.063145 0.083717 0.016283 0.279428 0.920572

21.7 0.062373 0.083855 0.016145 0.278518 0.921482

21.8 0.061611 0.083992 0.016008 0.277619 0.922381

21.9 0.060859 0.084129 0.015871 0.27673 0.92327

22 0.060117 0.084265 0.015735 0.275852 0.924148

22.1 0.059384 0.0844 0.0156 0.274984 0.925016

22.2 0.05866 0.084534 0.015466 0.274126 0.925874

22.3 0.057946 0.084668 0.015332 0.273278 0.926722

22.4 0.057241 0.084801 0.015199 0.27244 0.92756

22.5 0.056544 0.084933 0.015067 0.271612 0.928388

22.6 0.055857 0.085064 0.014936 0.270793 0.929207

Page 10: Homogeneous Catalyst

22.7 0.055178 0.085194 0.014806 0.269984 0.930016

22.8 0.054508 0.085324 0.014676 0.269185 0.930815

22.9 0.053847 0.085452 0.014548 0.268395 0.931605

23 0.053194 0.08558 0.01442 0.267614 0.932386

23.1 0.052549 0.085707 0.014293 0.266842 0.933158

23.2 0.051913 0.085834 0.014166 0.266079 0.933921

23.3 0.051284 0.085959 0.014041 0.265325 0.934675

23.4 0.050664 0.086084 0.013916 0.26458 0.93542

23.5 0.050051 0.086207 0.013793 0.263844 0.936156

23.6 0.049446 0.08633 0.01367 0.263116 0.936884

23.7 0.048849 0.086453 0.013547 0.262397 0.937603

23.8 0.04826 0.086574 0.013426 0.261686 0.938314

23.9 0.047678 0.086695 0.013305 0.260983 0.939017

24 0.047103 0.086814 0.013186 0.260289 0.939711

24.1 0.046535 0.086933 0.013067 0.259602 0.940398

24.2 0.045975 0.087051 0.012949 0.258924 0.941076

24.3 0.045422 0.087169 0.012831 0.258253 0.941747

24.4 0.044876 0.087285 0.012715 0.25759 0.94241

24.5 0.044336 0.087401 0.012599 0.256935 0.943065

24.6 0.043804 0.087516 0.012484 0.256288 0.943712

24.7 0.043278 0.08763 0.01237 0.255648 0.944352

24.8 0.042759 0.087743 0.012257 0.255016 0.944984

24.9 0.042246 0.087856 0.012144 0.25439 0.94561

25 0.04174 0.087967 0.012033 0.253773 0.946227

25.1 0.04124 0.088078 0.011922 0.253162 0.946838

25.2 0.040746 0.088188 0.011812 0.252558 0.947442

25.3 0.040259 0.088297 0.011703 0.251962 0.948038

25.4 0.039778 0.088406 0.011594 0.251372 0.948628

25.5 0.039302 0.088513 0.011487 0.250789 0.949211

25.6 0.038833 0.08862 0.01138 0.250213 0.949787

25.7 0.03837 0.088726 0.011274 0.249643 0.950357

Page 11: Homogeneous Catalyst

25.8 0.037912 0.088832 0.011168 0.24908 0.95092

25.9 0.03746 0.088936 0.011064 0.248524 0.951476

26 0.037014 0.08904 0.01096 0.247974 0.952026

26.1 0.036573 0.089143 0.010857 0.247431 0.952569

26.2 0.036138 0.089245 0.010755 0.246893 0.953107

26.3 0.035708 0.089346 0.010654 0.246362 0.953638

26.4 0.035284 0.089446 0.010554 0.245837 0.954163

26.5 0.034865 0.089546 0.010454 0.245318 0.954682

26.6 0.034451 0.089645 0.010355 0.244805 0.955195

26.7 0.034042 0.089743 0.010257 0.244298 0.955702

26.8 0.033638 0.089841 0.010159 0.243797 0.956203

26.9 0.03324 0.089938 0.010062 0.243302 0.956698

27 0.032846 0.090034 0.009966 0.242812 0.957188

27.1 0.032457 0.090129 0.009871 0.242328 0.957672

27.2 0.032073 0.090223 0.009777 0.24185 0.95815

27.3 0.031694 0.090317 0.009683 0.241377 0.958623

27.4 0.031319 0.09041 0.00959 0.24091 0.95909

27.5 0.030949 0.090502 0.009498 0.240447 0.959553

27.6 0.030584 0.090593 0.009407 0.239991 0.960009

27.7 0.030223 0.090684 0.009316 0.239539 0.960461

27.8 0.029867 0.090774 0.009226 0.239093 0.960907

27.9 0.029515 0.090863 0.009137 0.238652 0.961348

28 0.029167 0.090951 0.009049 0.238216 0.961784

28.1 0.028823 0.091039 0.008961 0.237784 0.962216

28.2 0.028484 0.091126 0.008874 0.237358 0.962642

28.3 0.028149 0.091212 0.008788 0.236937 0.963063

28.4 0.027818 0.091298 0.008702 0.236521 0.963479

28.5 0.027492 0.091383 0.008617 0.236109 0.963891

28.6 0.027169 0.091467 0.008533 0.235702 0.964298

28.7 0.02685 0.09155 0.00845 0.2353 0.9647

28.8 0.026535 0.091633 0.008367 0.234902 0.965098

Page 12: Homogeneous Catalyst

28.9 0.026224 0.091715 0.008285 0.234509 0.965491

29 0.025917 0.091796 0.008204 0.23412 0.96588

29.1 0.025613 0.091877 0.008123 0.233736 0.966264

29.2 0.025313 0.091957 0.008043 0.233357 0.966643

29.3 0.025017 0.092036 0.007964 0.232981 0.967019

29.4 0.024725 0.092115 0.007885 0.23261 0.96739

29.5 0.024436 0.092192 0.007808 0.232243 0.967757

29.6 0.02415 0.09227 0.00773 0.231881 0.968119

29.7 0.023868 0.092346 0.007654 0.231522 0.968478

29.8 0.02359 0.092422 0.007578 0.231168 0.968832

29.9 0.023314 0.092497 0.007503 0.230817 0.969183

30 0.023043 0.092572 0.007428 0.230471 0.969529

30.1 0.022774 0.092646 0.007354 0.230129 0.969871

30.2 0.022509 0.092719 0.007281 0.22979 0.97021

30.3 0.022247 0.092791 0.007209 0.229455 0.970545

30.4 0.021988 0.092863 0.007137 0.229125 0.970875

30.5 0.021732 0.092935 0.007065 0.228798 0.971202

30.6 0.02148 0.093005 0.006995 0.228474 0.971526

Page 13: Homogeneous Catalyst

all substances in the same phase

Rate constants

for A

binding to C

: 11 pages of calculations below!!!

1

-1

2

C

k

k

k

reactions

+

+ +

---------------------------

A

-

C

AC

+

P

A

B

C

B

C

A P

show all initial values

Page 14: Homogeneous Catalyst

M.T. Ashby (2007) Appreciating Formal Similarities in

the Kinetics of Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and

J. Chem. Ed. 84 (9), 1515-1519.

Page 15: Homogeneous Catalyst

Homogeneous Catalysis1 1.2 0.1 0

0

all substances in the same phase

initial A initial B initial catalyst

0 -5 0 -5 0 -5

30.7 -5 30.7 -5 30.7 -5

Rate constants

3

0.5

2

6

time (A) (C) (AC) (B) (P)

0 1 0.1 0 1.2 0 timestep = 0.1

0.1 0.97 0.07 0.03 1.2 0

0.2 0.95113 0.05833 0.04167 1.1928 0.0072

0.3 0.93657 0.05371 0.04629 1.182859 0.017141

0.4 0.923793 0.051885 0.048115 1.171908 0.028092

0.5 0.91182 0.051189 0.048811 1.160631 0.039369

0.6 0.900258 0.050957 0.049043 1.149301 0.050699

0.7 0.888948 0.05092 0.04908 1.138028 0.061972

0.8 0.877822 0.050965 0.049035 1.126857 0.073143

0.9 0.866852 0.051047 0.048953 1.115806 0.084194 spreadsheet based on:

(A)o = (B)o = (C)o =

k1 =

k-1 =

k2 =

K = k1/k-1 =

binding to C

Do not print: 11 pages of calculations below!!!

Sinex 2007

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4 (A) (C) (AC) (B)(P)

time

con

cen

tra

tio

n

1

-1

2

C

k

k

k

reactions

+

+ +

---------------------------

A

-

C

AC

+

P

A

B

C

B

C

A P

show all initial values

flow reactor conditions

B21
In a flow reactor, the concentration of a reactant is held at a constant level by constant supply.
Page 16: Homogeneous Catalyst

1 0.856025 0.051144 0.048856 1.104881 0.095119 M.T. Ashby (2007) Appreciating Formal Similarities in

1.1 0.845334 0.051249 0.048751 1.094085 0.105915 the Kinetics of Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and

1.2 0.834775 0.051357 0.048643 1.083417 0.116583

1.3 0.824345 0.051468 0.048532 1.072877 0.127123

1.4 0.814044 0.05158 0.04842 1.062464 0.137536

1.5 0.803868 0.051693 0.048307 1.052175 0.147825

1.6 0.793817 0.051808 0.048192 1.042009 0.157991

1.7 0.783889 0.051923 0.048077 1.031966 0.168034

1.8 0.774082 0.052039 0.047961 1.022043 0.177957

1.9 0.764396 0.052156 0.047844 1.01224 0.18776

2 0.754827 0.052274 0.047726 1.002554 0.197446

2.1 0.745376 0.052392 0.047608 0.992984 0.207016

2.2 0.736041 0.052512 0.047488 0.983529 0.216471

2.3 0.72682 0.052632 0.047368 0.974188 0.225812

2.4 0.717712 0.052753 0.047247 0.964959 0.235041

2.5 0.708716 0.052875 0.047125 0.955841 0.244159

2.6 0.69983 0.052998 0.047002 0.946832 0.253168

2.7 0.691054 0.053122 0.046878 0.937932 0.262068

2.8 0.682384 0.053247 0.046753 0.929138 0.270862

2.9 0.673822 0.053372 0.046628 0.92045 0.27955

3 0.665364 0.053498 0.046502 0.911866 0.288134

3.1 0.657011 0.053625 0.046375 0.903385 0.296615

3.2 0.64876 0.053753 0.046247 0.895006 0.304994

3.3 0.64061 0.053882 0.046118 0.886728 0.313272

3.4 0.632561 0.054011 0.045989 0.878549 0.321451

3.5 0.624611 0.054142 0.045858 0.870469 0.329531

3.6 0.616758 0.054273 0.045727 0.862485 0.337515

3.7 0.609003 0.054405 0.045595 0.854597 0.345403

3.8 0.601342 0.054538 0.045462 0.846804 0.353196

3.9 0.593777 0.054672 0.045328 0.839105 0.360895

4 0.586304 0.054806 0.045194 0.831498 0.368502

Enzyme Catalysis, J. Chem. Ed. 84 (9), 1515-1519.

Page 17: Homogeneous Catalyst

4.1 0.578924 0.054942 0.045058 0.823982 0.376018

4.2 0.571635 0.055078 0.044922 0.816557 0.383443

4.3 0.564435 0.055215 0.044785 0.80922 0.39078

4.4 0.557325 0.055353 0.044647 0.801972 0.398028

4.5 0.550303 0.055492 0.044508 0.794811 0.405189

4.6 0.543367 0.055631 0.044369 0.787736 0.412264

4.7 0.536517 0.055771 0.044229 0.780746 0.419254

4.8 0.529752 0.055912 0.044088 0.773839 0.426161

4.9 0.52307 0.056054 0.043946 0.767016 0.432984

5 0.516471 0.056197 0.043803 0.760275 0.439725

5.1 0.509954 0.05634 0.04366 0.753614 0.446386

5.2 0.503518 0.056484 0.043516 0.747034 0.452966

5.3 0.497162 0.056629 0.043371 0.740532 0.459468

5.4 0.490884 0.056775 0.043225 0.734109 0.465891

5.5 0.484684 0.056922 0.043078 0.727762 0.472238

5.6 0.478561 0.057069 0.042931 0.721492 0.478508

5.7 0.472515 0.057217 0.042783 0.715297 0.484703

5.8 0.466543 0.057366 0.042634 0.709177 0.490823

5.9 0.460645 0.057516 0.042484 0.70313 0.49687

6 0.454821 0.057666 0.042334 0.697155 0.502845

6.1 0.44907 0.057817 0.042183 0.691253 0.508747

6.2 0.44339 0.057969 0.042031 0.685421 0.514579

6.3 0.43778 0.058121 0.041879 0.679659 0.520341

6.4 0.432241 0.058275 0.041725 0.673966 0.526034

6.5 0.426771 0.058429 0.041571 0.668342 0.531658

6.6 0.421369 0.058583 0.041417 0.662785 0.537215

6.7 0.416034 0.058739 0.041261 0.657295 0.542705

6.8 0.410766 0.058895 0.041105 0.651871 0.548129

6.9 0.405564 0.059051 0.040949 0.646512 0.553488

7 0.400426 0.059209 0.040791 0.641217 0.558783

7.1 0.395353 0.059367 0.040633 0.635986 0.564014

Page 18: Homogeneous Catalyst

7.2 0.390344 0.059526 0.040474 0.630818 0.569182

7.3 0.385397 0.059685 0.040315 0.625711 0.574289

7.4 0.380512 0.059845 0.040155 0.620666 0.579334

7.5 0.375688 0.060006 0.039994 0.615682 0.584318

7.6 0.370924 0.060167 0.039833 0.610757 0.589243

7.7 0.366221 0.060329 0.039671 0.605891 0.594109

7.8 0.361576 0.060492 0.039508 0.601084 0.598916

7.9 0.35699 0.060655 0.039345 0.596335 0.603665

8 0.352461 0.060819 0.039181 0.591642 0.608358

8.1 0.347989 0.060983 0.039017 0.587006 0.612994

8.2 0.343574 0.061148 0.038852 0.582425 0.617575

8.3 0.339213 0.061314 0.038686 0.5779 0.6221

8.4 0.334908 0.06148 0.03852 0.573428 0.626572

8.5 0.330657 0.061647 0.038353 0.569011 0.630989

8.6 0.32646 0.061814 0.038186 0.564646 0.635354

8.7 0.322315 0.061982 0.038018 0.560334 0.639666

8.8 0.318223 0.06215 0.03785 0.556073 0.643927

8.9 0.314182 0.062319 0.037681 0.551863 0.648137

9 0.310192 0.062488 0.037512 0.547704 0.652296

9.1 0.306253 0.062658 0.037342 0.543595 0.656405

9.2 0.302363 0.062828 0.037172 0.539536 0.660464

9.3 0.298523 0.062999 0.037001 0.535524 0.664476

9.4 0.294731 0.06317 0.03683 0.531561 0.668439

9.5 0.290987 0.063341 0.036659 0.527646 0.672354

9.6 0.287291 0.063513 0.036487 0.523777 0.676223

9.7 0.283641 0.063686 0.036314 0.519955 0.680045

9.8 0.280037 0.063859 0.036141 0.516179 0.683821

9.9 0.27648 0.064032 0.035968 0.512448 0.687552

10 0.272967 0.064206 0.035794 0.508761 0.691239

10.1 0.269499 0.06438 0.03562 0.505119 0.694881

10.2 0.266075 0.064554 0.035446 0.501521 0.698479

Page 19: Homogeneous Catalyst

10.3 0.262694 0.064729 0.035271 0.497965 0.702035

10.4 0.259357 0.064904 0.035096 0.494453 0.705547

10.5 0.256061 0.06508 0.03492 0.490982 0.709018

10.6 0.252808 0.065255 0.034745 0.487553 0.712447

10.7 0.249596 0.065431 0.034569 0.484165 0.715835

10.8 0.246425 0.065608 0.034392 0.480817 0.719183

10.9 0.243295 0.065784 0.034216 0.47751 0.72249

11 0.240204 0.065961 0.034039 0.474243 0.725757

11.1 0.237153 0.066139 0.033861 0.471014 0.728986

11.2 0.23414 0.066316 0.033684 0.467824 0.732176

11.3 0.231166 0.066494 0.033506 0.464673 0.735327

11.4 0.22823 0.066672 0.033328 0.461559 0.738441

11.5 0.225332 0.06685 0.03315 0.458482 0.741518

11.6 0.22247 0.067028 0.032972 0.455442 0.744558

11.7 0.219645 0.067206 0.032794 0.452439 0.747561

11.8 0.216857 0.067385 0.032615 0.449471 0.750529

11.9 0.214103 0.067564 0.032436 0.44654 0.75346

12 0.211386 0.067743 0.032257 0.443643 0.756357

12.1 0.208702 0.067922 0.032078 0.440781 0.759219

12.2 0.206054 0.068101 0.031899 0.437953 0.762047

12.3 0.203439 0.06828 0.03172 0.435159 0.764841

12.4 0.200858 0.06846 0.03154 0.432398 0.767602

12.5 0.198309 0.068639 0.031361 0.42967 0.77033

12.6 0.195794 0.068819 0.031181 0.426975 0.773025

12.7 0.193311 0.068998 0.031002 0.424313 0.775687

12.8 0.190859 0.069178 0.030822 0.421682 0.778318

12.9 0.18844 0.069357 0.030643 0.419082 0.780918

13 0.186051 0.069537 0.030463 0.416514 0.783486

13.1 0.183693 0.069716 0.030284 0.413976 0.786024

13.2 0.181365 0.069896 0.030104 0.411469 0.788531

13.3 0.179067 0.070076 0.029924 0.408992 0.791008

Page 20: Homogeneous Catalyst

13.4 0.176799 0.070255 0.029745 0.406544 0.793456

13.5 0.17456 0.070435 0.029565 0.404125 0.795875

13.6 0.17235 0.070614 0.029386 0.401736 0.798264

13.7 0.170168 0.070793 0.029207 0.399375 0.800625

13.8 0.168014 0.070972 0.029028 0.397042 0.802958

13.9 0.165888 0.071152 0.028848 0.394737 0.805263

14 0.16379 0.071331 0.028669 0.392459 0.807541

14.1 0.161718 0.071509 0.028491 0.390209 0.809791

14.2 0.159673 0.071688 0.028312 0.387985 0.812015

14.3 0.157655 0.071867 0.028133 0.385789 0.814211

14.4 0.155663 0.072045 0.027955 0.383618 0.816382

14.5 0.153696 0.072223 0.027777 0.381473 0.818527

14.6 0.151755 0.072401 0.027599 0.379354 0.820646

14.7 0.149839 0.072579 0.027421 0.37726 0.82274

14.8 0.147947 0.072756 0.027244 0.375191 0.824809

14.9 0.14608 0.072934 0.027066 0.373146 0.826854

15 0.144237 0.073111 0.026889 0.371127 0.828873

15.1 0.142418 0.073287 0.026713 0.369131 0.830869

15.2 0.140622 0.073464 0.026536 0.367159 0.832841

15.3 0.13885 0.07364 0.02636 0.36521 0.83479

15.4 0.137101 0.073816 0.026184 0.363285 0.836715

15.5 0.135374 0.073992 0.026008 0.361382 0.838618

15.6 0.133669 0.074167 0.025833 0.359502 0.840498

15.7 0.131987 0.074342 0.025658 0.357645 0.842355

15.8 0.130326 0.074516 0.025484 0.35581 0.84419

15.9 0.128687 0.074691 0.025309 0.353996 0.846004

16 0.127069 0.074864 0.025136 0.352204 0.847796

16.1 0.125472 0.075038 0.024962 0.350434 0.849566

16.2 0.123895 0.075211 0.024789 0.348684 0.851316

16.3 0.122339 0.075384 0.024616 0.346955 0.853045

16.4 0.120803 0.075556 0.024444 0.345247 0.854753

Page 21: Homogeneous Catalyst

16.5 0.119287 0.075728 0.024272 0.343559 0.856441

16.6 0.117791 0.075899 0.024101 0.341892 0.858108

16.7 0.116314 0.07607 0.02393 0.340244 0.859756

16.8 0.114856 0.076241 0.023759 0.338615 0.861385

16.9 0.113417 0.076411 0.023589 0.337006 0.862994

17 0.111996 0.07658 0.02342 0.335416 0.864584

17.1 0.110594 0.076749 0.023251 0.333845 0.866155

17.2 0.109211 0.076918 0.023082 0.332293 0.867707

17.3 0.107845 0.077086 0.022914 0.330759 0.869241

17.4 0.106496 0.077253 0.022747 0.329243 0.870757

17.5 0.105165 0.07742 0.02258 0.327745 0.872255

17.6 0.103852 0.077587 0.022413 0.326265 0.873735

17.7 0.102555 0.077753 0.022247 0.324803 0.875197

17.8 0.101275 0.077918 0.022082 0.323357 0.876643

17.9 0.100012 0.078083 0.021917 0.321929 0.878071

18 0.098765 0.078247 0.021753 0.320518 0.879482

18.1 0.097534 0.078411 0.021589 0.319124 0.880876

18.2 0.09632 0.078574 0.021426 0.317746 0.882254

18.3 0.09512 0.078736 0.021264 0.316384 0.883616

18.4 0.093937 0.078898 0.021102 0.315039 0.884961

18.5 0.092768 0.079059 0.020941 0.313709 0.886291

18.6 0.091615 0.07922 0.02078 0.312395 0.887605

18.7 0.090477 0.07938 0.02062 0.311097 0.888903

18.8 0.089353 0.079539 0.020461 0.309814 0.890186

18.9 0.088244 0.079698 0.020302 0.308546 0.891454

19 0.087149 0.079856 0.020144 0.307293 0.892707

19.1 0.086069 0.080013 0.019987 0.306055 0.893945

19.2 0.085002 0.08017 0.01983 0.304832 0.895168

19.3 0.083949 0.080326 0.019674 0.303623 0.896377

19.4 0.08291 0.080482 0.019518 0.302428 0.897572

19.5 0.081884 0.080636 0.019364 0.301248 0.898752

Page 22: Homogeneous Catalyst

19.6 0.080871 0.08079 0.01921 0.300081 0.899919

19.7 0.079872 0.080944 0.019056 0.298928 0.901072

19.8 0.078885 0.081096 0.018904 0.297789 0.902211

19.9 0.077911 0.081248 0.018752 0.296663 0.903337

20 0.07695 0.081399 0.018601 0.29555 0.90445

20.1 0.076001 0.08155 0.01845 0.294451 0.905549

20.2 0.075064 0.081699 0.018301 0.293364 0.906636

20.3 0.074139 0.081848 0.018152 0.292291 0.907709

20.4 0.073226 0.081997 0.018003 0.291229 0.908771

20.5 0.072325 0.082144 0.017856 0.290181 0.909819

20.6 0.071435 0.082291 0.017709 0.289145 0.910855

20.7 0.070557 0.082437 0.017563 0.28812 0.91188

20.8 0.069691 0.082582 0.017418 0.287108 0.912892

20.9 0.068835 0.082727 0.017273 0.286108 0.913892

21 0.06799 0.08287 0.01713 0.28512 0.91488

21.1 0.067156 0.083013 0.016987 0.284143 0.915857

21.2 0.066333 0.083156 0.016844 0.283178 0.916822

21.3 0.065521 0.083297 0.016703 0.282224 0.917776

21.4 0.064719 0.083438 0.016562 0.281281 0.918719

21.5 0.063927 0.083577 0.016423 0.280349 0.919651

21.6 0.063145 0.083717 0.016283 0.279428 0.920572

21.7 0.062373 0.083855 0.016145 0.278518 0.921482

21.8 0.061611 0.083992 0.016008 0.277619 0.922381

21.9 0.060859 0.084129 0.015871 0.27673 0.92327

22 0.060117 0.084265 0.015735 0.275852 0.924148

22.1 0.059384 0.0844 0.0156 0.274984 0.925016

22.2 0.05866 0.084534 0.015466 0.274126 0.925874

22.3 0.057946 0.084668 0.015332 0.273278 0.926722

22.4 0.057241 0.084801 0.015199 0.27244 0.92756

22.5 0.056544 0.084933 0.015067 0.271612 0.928388

22.6 0.055857 0.085064 0.014936 0.270793 0.929207

Page 23: Homogeneous Catalyst

22.7 0.055178 0.085194 0.014806 0.269984 0.930016

22.8 0.054508 0.085324 0.014676 0.269185 0.930815

22.9 0.053847 0.085452 0.014548 0.268395 0.931605

23 0.053194 0.08558 0.01442 0.267614 0.932386

23.1 0.052549 0.085707 0.014293 0.266842 0.933158

23.2 0.051913 0.085834 0.014166 0.266079 0.933921

23.3 0.051284 0.085959 0.014041 0.265325 0.934675

23.4 0.050664 0.086084 0.013916 0.26458 0.93542

23.5 0.050051 0.086207 0.013793 0.263844 0.936156

23.6 0.049446 0.08633 0.01367 0.263116 0.936884

23.7 0.048849 0.086453 0.013547 0.262397 0.937603

23.8 0.04826 0.086574 0.013426 0.261686 0.938314

23.9 0.047678 0.086695 0.013305 0.260983 0.939017

24 0.047103 0.086814 0.013186 0.260289 0.939711

24.1 0.046535 0.086933 0.013067 0.259602 0.940398

24.2 0.045975 0.087051 0.012949 0.258924 0.941076

24.3 0.045422 0.087169 0.012831 0.258253 0.941747

24.4 0.044876 0.087285 0.012715 0.25759 0.94241

24.5 0.044336 0.087401 0.012599 0.256935 0.943065

24.6 0.043804 0.087516 0.012484 0.256288 0.943712

24.7 0.043278 0.08763 0.01237 0.255648 0.944352

24.8 0.042759 0.087743 0.012257 0.255016 0.944984

24.9 0.042246 0.087856 0.012144 0.25439 0.94561

25 0.04174 0.087967 0.012033 0.253773 0.946227

25.1 0.04124 0.088078 0.011922 0.253162 0.946838

25.2 0.040746 0.088188 0.011812 0.252558 0.947442

25.3 0.040259 0.088297 0.011703 0.251962 0.948038

25.4 0.039778 0.088406 0.011594 0.251372 0.948628

25.5 0.039302 0.088513 0.011487 0.250789 0.949211

25.6 0.038833 0.08862 0.01138 0.250213 0.949787

25.7 0.03837 0.088726 0.011274 0.249643 0.950357

Page 24: Homogeneous Catalyst

25.8 0.037912 0.088832 0.011168 0.24908 0.95092

25.9 0.03746 0.088936 0.011064 0.248524 0.951476

26 0.037014 0.08904 0.01096 0.247974 0.952026

26.1 0.036573 0.089143 0.010857 0.247431 0.952569

26.2 0.036138 0.089245 0.010755 0.246893 0.953107

26.3 0.035708 0.089346 0.010654 0.246362 0.953638

26.4 0.035284 0.089446 0.010554 0.245837 0.954163

26.5 0.034865 0.089546 0.010454 0.245318 0.954682

26.6 0.034451 0.089645 0.010355 0.244805 0.955195

26.7 0.034042 0.089743 0.010257 0.244298 0.955702

26.8 0.033638 0.089841 0.010159 0.243797 0.956203

26.9 0.03324 0.089938 0.010062 0.243302 0.956698

27 0.032846 0.090034 0.009966 0.242812 0.957188

27.1 0.032457 0.090129 0.009871 0.242328 0.957672

27.2 0.032073 0.090223 0.009777 0.24185 0.95815

27.3 0.031694 0.090317 0.009683 0.241377 0.958623

27.4 0.031319 0.09041 0.00959 0.24091 0.95909

27.5 0.030949 0.090502 0.009498 0.240447 0.959553

27.6 0.030584 0.090593 0.009407 0.239991 0.960009

27.7 0.030223 0.090684 0.009316 0.239539 0.960461

27.8 0.029867 0.090774 0.009226 0.239093 0.960907

27.9 0.029515 0.090863 0.009137 0.238652 0.961348

28 0.029167 0.090951 0.009049 0.238216 0.961784

28.1 0.028823 0.091039 0.008961 0.237784 0.962216

28.2 0.028484 0.091126 0.008874 0.237358 0.962642

28.3 0.028149 0.091212 0.008788 0.236937 0.963063

28.4 0.027818 0.091298 0.008702 0.236521 0.963479

28.5 0.027492 0.091383 0.008617 0.236109 0.963891

28.6 0.027169 0.091467 0.008533 0.235702 0.964298

28.7 0.02685 0.09155 0.00845 0.2353 0.9647

28.8 0.026535 0.091633 0.008367 0.234902 0.965098

Page 25: Homogeneous Catalyst

28.9 0.026224 0.091715 0.008285 0.234509 0.965491

29 0.025917 0.091796 0.008204 0.23412 0.96588

29.1 0.025613 0.091877 0.008123 0.233736 0.966264

29.2 0.025313 0.091957 0.008043 0.233357 0.966643

29.3 0.025017 0.092036 0.007964 0.232981 0.967019

29.4 0.024725 0.092115 0.007885 0.23261 0.96739

29.5 0.024436 0.092192 0.007808 0.232243 0.967757

29.6 0.02415 0.09227 0.00773 0.231881 0.968119

29.7 0.023868 0.092346 0.007654 0.231522 0.968478

29.8 0.02359 0.092422 0.007578 0.231168 0.968832

29.9 0.023314 0.092497 0.007503 0.230817 0.969183

30 0.023043 0.092572 0.007428 0.230471 0.969529

30.1 0.022774 0.092646 0.007354 0.230129 0.969871

30.2 0.022509 0.092719 0.007281 0.22979 0.97021

30.3 0.022247 0.092791 0.007209 0.229455 0.970545

30.4 0.021988 0.092863 0.007137 0.229125 0.970875

30.5 0.021732 0.092935 0.007065 0.228798 0.971202

30.6 0.02148 0.093005 0.006995 0.228474 0.971526

Page 26: Homogeneous Catalyst

all substances in the same phase

Rate constants

for A

binding to C

: 11 pages of calculations below!!!

1

-1

2

C

k

k

k

reactions

+

+ +

---------------------------

A

-

C

AC

+

P

A

B

C

B

C

A P

show all initial values

Page 27: Homogeneous Catalyst

M.T. Ashby (2007) Appreciating Formal Similarities in

the Kinetics of Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and

J. Chem. Ed. 84 (9), 1515-1519.

Page 28: Homogeneous Catalyst

Here are some real-world examples of homogeneous catalysts:

iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution

ozone destruction in the stratosphere by chlorine atoms from chlorinated compounds

for Chime structure

Six-step more complicated reaction mechanism!

alkene alkane To see - (static)

reaction run in a solvent Quicktime - (movie)

H2O2 (aq) + I- (aq) -----> H2O (l) + IO- (aq)

H2O2 (aq) + IO- (aq) -----> H2O (l) + O2 (g) + I- (aq)

2 H2O2 (aq) -----> 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)

O3 (g) + Cl (g) -----> O2 (g) + ClO (g)

ClO (g) + O (g) -----> Cl (g) + O2 (g)

O (g) + O3 (g) -----> 2 O2 (g)

hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes by Wilkinson's catalyst - RhCl(P(C6H5)3)3 click here

RHC=CH2 + H2 -----> RH2C-CH3

click here

click here

Sinex 2007

Page 29: Homogeneous Catalyst

for Chime structure