honorsphysiology&&& & & & & & name: & the&respiratory...

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Honors Physiology Name: ______________________________ The Respiratory System Objective: To create a model of our respiratory system, understanding the relationship between structure and function. Warm Up Questions: 1. What is the function of the respiratory system? 2. How does the respiratory system work in conjunction with the cardiovascular system? Part 1: Building a Model of the Lung Materials Top half of a clear plastic bottle Plastic straw about 12 cm long Two medium balloons (9" inflated) Small, thin rubber bands Play dough Masking tape Scissors Directions 1. Remove the bottom of your bottle 2. Tie a knot in one end of a balloon and snip of the fat end 3. Stretch this end around the bottom of your plastic bottle (secure with a rubber band) 4. Put a straw in the neck of the other balloon and secure tightly with the elastic band but not so that you crush the straw. The air must flow through so test it with a little bow through the straw to see if the balloon inflates. 5. Put the straw and the balloon into the neck of the bottle and secure with the play dough making a seal around the bottle – make sure that again, you don’t crush straw.

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Honors  Physiology                 Name:  ______________________________  The  Respiratory  System    Objective:  To  create  a  model  of  our  respiratory  system,  understanding  the  relationship  between  structure  and  function.      Warm  Up  Questions:      1.  What  is  the  function  of  the  respiratory  system?          2.  How  does  the  respiratory  system  work  in  conjunction  with  the  cardiovascular  system?        Part  1:  Building  a  Model  of  the  Lung      Materials      -­‐  Top  half  of  a  clear  plastic  bottle  -­‐  Plastic  straw  about  12  cm  long  -­‐  Two  medium  balloons  (9"  inflated)  -­‐  Small,  thin  rubber  bands  -­‐  Play  dough  -­‐  Masking  tape  -­‐  Scissors    Directions  

1.  Remove  the  bottom  of  your  bottle  2.  Tie  a  knot  in  one  end  of  a  balloon  and  snip  of  the  fat  end  3.  Stretch  this  end  around  the  bottom  of  your  plastic  bottle  (secure  with  a  rubber  band)  4.    Put  a  straw  in  the  neck  of  the  other  balloon  and  secure  tightly  with  the  elastic  band  but  not  so  that  you  crush  the  straw.  The  air  must  flow  through  so  test  it  with  a  little  bow  through  the  straw  to  see  if  the  balloon  inflates.  5.  Put  the  straw  and  the  balloon  into  the  neck  of  the  bottle  and  secure  with  the  play  dough  making  a  seal  around  the  bottle  –  make  sure  that  again,  you  don’t  crush  straw.  

 

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6.  Once  you  have  built  your  model  of  the  lung,  describe  your  observations  below/  draw  a  diagram  to  explain  the  process!  (Relate  what’s  happening  to  the  process  of  respiration  in  the  human  body!  

 

 

 

 

Part  2  -­‐  Measuring  Lung  Capacity  

The  amount  of  air  that  you  move  in  and  out  of  your  lungs  while  breathing  normally  is  called  TIDAL  VOLUME.  This  amount  of  air  provides  enough  oxygen  for  a  person  who  is  resting.  It  is  possible  to  inhale  and  exhale  more  forcefully  -­‐  the  maximum  amount  of  air  moved  in  and  out  of  the  lungs  is  called  the  VITAL  CAPACITY.  In  this  part  of  this  activity,  you  will  be  measuring  the  vital  capacity  and  the  tidal  volume  of  your  own  lungs,  this  actual  number  can  then  be  compared  with  a  number  derived  from  an  equation  that  measures  vital  capacity.  In  effect,  you  are  measuring  an  actual  number,  based  on  laboratory  measurements,  to  a  theoretical  number,  based  on  an  equation.  If  you  have  any  breathing  difficulties  (asthma  or  other  condition),  you  should  not  participate  in  this  activity,  instead  only  take  the  data  on  your  lab  partner  or  group.  

Materials    

-­‐ Balloons  -­‐ meter  stick  

Directions  

1.  Measuring  Tidal  Volume  -­‐-­‐  Stretch  a  round  balloon  several  times  to  stretch  it  out.  Inhale  normally  and  then  exhale  normally  into  the  balloon.  Do  not  force  your  breathing.  Pinch  the  end  of  the  balloon  and  measure  its  diameter.  Repeat  this  so  that  you  have  3  total  measurements  and  can  take  the  average  and  record  in  the  data  table.  

2.  Measuring  Vital  Capacity  -­‐  Repeat  the  procedure,  only  this  time  inhale  as  much  air  as  you  can  and  exhale  forcefully.  Record  three  measurements  in  the  data  table.  

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3.  Convert  the  diameters  to  a  volume  using  the  graph  on  the  next  page  and  record  this  in  your  table.  

 

4.  Estimated  Vital  Capacity  

Research  has  shown  that  the  capacity  of  a  person's  lungs  is  proportional  to  the  surface  area  of  his  or  her  body.  To  find  the  surface  area,  you  will  need  to  know  your  height  and  weight.  There  are  a  couple  of  different  ways  to  calculate  your  body  surface  area    (BSA)  mathematically.  Either  use  the  equation  below  or  go  to  a  website  that  has  an  automatic  calculator.  (A  google  search  on  "body  surface  area  calculator  will  yield  many  pages  that  have  these  calculators)  

 

 

 

Once  you  have  calculated  your  surface  area,  a  second  equation  will  calculate  your  estimated  vital  capacity.     Males:  SA  x  2500  

Females:  SA  x  2000  

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ANALYSIS  

1.  Why  is  it  important  to  measure  tidal  volume  and  vital  capacity  three  times  and  then  get  an  average?  

 

   

2.  Compare  your  data  to  other  members  of  the  class.  How  can  you  account  for  differences?  

   

 

3.  How  does  your  measured  vital  capacity  compare  to  the  vital  capacity  you  estimated  using  the  formula?  Which  do  you  think  is  more  accurate  and  why?  

   

 

4.  How  might  an  athlete's  vital  capacity  compare  to  a  non-­‐athlete?  Explain  your  reasoning.  

             

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APPLICATION  

1.  Examine  the  data  table  of  a  person  who  entered  into  a  training  program.  This  person's  vital  capacity  was  measured  over  a  60  day  period.    

Day of Training Vital Capacity

0 4800

10 4840

20 4890

30 4930

40 4980

50 5180

60 5260

2.  What  happened  to  the  person's  vital  capacity  over  the  course  of  the  training  period?  

   

 

3.  What  probably  caused  the  change?  

 

 

 4.  How  might  vital  capacity  be  important  to  a  musician?  (Explain  your  answer)    

 Discussion  Questions:  (Use  the  back  of  this  page  if  necessary!)  1.  Identify  the  organs  forming  the  respiratory  passageways  in  descending  order  until  the  alveoli  are  reached.    Use  the  table  on  page  838  to  describe  their  structure  and  function.          2.  Describe  how  oxygen  is  transported  in  the  blood  at  the  alveoli.        3.  Describe  carbon  dioxide  transport  in  the  blood.