Hook 4.14.2010Hook 4.14.2010

Why do you think the Industrial Why do you think the Industrial Revolution started? Revolution started?

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

1700-Present day1700-Present day

Britain- Britain- ““Workshop of the WorldWorkshop of the World”” Blessed with coal and iron ore Blessed with coal and iron ore

deposits deposits Rich colonial trade-United States, Rich colonial trade-United States,

Caribbean, IndiaCaribbean, India Adequate banking system to control Adequate banking system to control

the new markets-developed credit the new markets-developed credit process and allowed people to keep process and allowed people to keep a savings in banka savings in bank

Perfect Social Class structurePerfect Social Class structure The government formed a policy of The government formed a policy of

noninterference in personal noninterference in personal

Britain cont…Britain cont… London was the largest city in EuropeLondon was the largest city in Europe Took the lead in consumer Took the lead in consumer Center of the fashionCenter of the fashion Largest free trade area in EuropeLargest free trade area in Europe Good Roads and Waterways Good Roads and Waterways No internal tariffsNo internal tariffs Political StabilityPolitical Stability

Change in IndustryChange in Industry Cotton made the first step from Cotton made the first step from

Cottage SystemCottage System to to Factory SystemFactory System in in 17701770

The pressure for more technology for The pressure for more technology for the cotton industry pushed all others the cotton industry pushed all others to advance all means of productionto advance all means of production

Cheap cotton made it possible for Cheap cotton made it possible for millions of poor to now afford millions of poor to now afford undergarmentsundergarments

Cotton became BRCotton became BR’’s most lucrative s most lucrative productproduct

British FactoriesBritish Factories

BR goods were sold everywhere in BR goods were sold everywhere in the worldthe world

Steam Engine in 1800s Steam Engine in 1800s revolutionized the production of revolutionized the production of cotton cotton

Steam engine proved indispensableSteam engine proved indispensable Steam engine, unlike a person, was Steam engine, unlike a person, was

tirelesstireless

Revolution in TransportationRevolution in Transportation

RR blew all modes of transportation RR blew all modes of transportation away-greatest factor promoting away-greatest factor promoting European economic progress in the European economic progress in the 1830s and 40s1830s and 40s

RR got their start in Germany in 1500 RR got their start in Germany in 1500 and in BR with coal in the 1600s-and in BR with coal in the 1600s-these were small handcarts pulled by these were small handcarts pulled by cows or humanscows or humans

Textile FactoriesTextile Factories Factory became the chief means of organizing Factory became the chief means of organizing

labor, work place shifted from artisan/cottage to labor, work place shifted from artisan/cottage to factoryfactory

People were paid wages, no ownership in productPeople were paid wages, no ownership in product Demands a new type of discipline from the Demands a new type of discipline from the

employeesemployees Laborers had a difficultly with the new laws of Laborers had a difficultly with the new laws of

factory life, workers were forced to work regular factory life, workers were forced to work regular hours in a job that was boring and repetitivehours in a job that was boring and repetitive

The workers were punished or fined for being late The workers were punished or fined for being late and could be fired if drunk at workand could be fired if drunk at work

Children were punished the worst since they were Children were punished the worst since they were beaten for behaving badlybeaten for behaving badly

Laziness and wastefulness became sinsLaziness and wastefulness became sins

HookHook

What does Cottage Industry mean:What does Cottage Industry mean:

IR in FranceIR in France France had far less coal than England.France had far less coal than England. Demand for goods was lessDemand for goods was less Small family farms remained very Small family farms remained very

common common Their banking system also lagged Their banking system also lagged

behind Britain. behind Britain. The government also limited the The government also limited the

production of industryproduction of industry The production of quality items still The production of quality items still

moved industry higher in France with moved industry higher in France with gloves, umbrellas, and boots.gloves, umbrellas, and boots.

IR in GermanyIR in Germany

Lagged behind Britain and France Lagged behind Britain and France for 3 main reasonsfor 3 main reasons

Multiplicity of the Independent statesMultiplicity of the Independent statesLabyrinth of tolls and customs barriersLabyrinth of tolls and customs barriersMonopolies held by guildsMonopolies held by guilds

The German states took a major The German states took a major step towards industrialization step towards industrialization when they formed the when they formed the ZollvereinZollverein, , a customs union, in 1834.a customs union, in 1834.

IR in USIR in US 1800 United States was agrarian with no 1800 United States was agrarian with no

city over 100,000 peoplecity over 100,000 people 6/7 Americans were farmers6/7 Americans were farmers By 1860 the population exploded from 5 By 1860 the population exploded from 5

mil. to 30 million.-larger than GBmil. to 30 million.-larger than GB Almost half lived west of the Appalachians Almost half lived west of the Appalachians Now only 50% of pop lived off farmsNow only 50% of pop lived off farms Women made up 80% of pop. in factories Women made up 80% of pop. in factories 18301830’’s and 40s and 40’’s huge rush of immigrants s huge rush of immigrants

from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales flooded from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales flooded AmericaAmerica

BR could NOT compete with the American BR could NOT compete with the American output in productsoutput in products

The Social Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Dramatic population increaseDramatic population increase Europe was the most densely populated Europe was the most densely populated

continent in the world. continent in the world. Increase did NOT come from more births, Increase did NOT come from more births,

but fewer deathsbut fewer deaths Increase in food supplyIncrease in food supply Wealthy move to the suburbsWealthy move to the suburbs Artisans lived in small row houses near the Artisans lived in small row houses near the

citycity New products make life better for upper New products make life better for upper

classclass Faster TransportationFaster Transportation

Bad side effects Bad side effects Cholera tore a deadly path through much Cholera tore a deadly path through much

of Europe in the 1830of Europe in the 1830’’s and reappeared in s and reappeared in the 1890the 1890’’s. s.

Severe congestion in the countryside led Severe congestion in the countryside led to the famine. to the famine.

Poor live in the depths of the cityPoor live in the depths of the city Sanitation did NOT existSanitation did NOT exist City streets were sewersCity streets were sewers Smelled horrible-death trapsSmelled horrible-death traps Food was rotten in the city and additives Food was rotten in the city and additives

were used to make it look safewere used to make it look safe Government refused to intervene and Government refused to intervene and

clean up the cityclean up the city

New Social Class emergesNew Social Class emerges

New bourgeoisie class involved in New bourgeoisie class involved in commerce and bankingcommerce and banking

New class built factories, brought in New class built factories, brought in new machinesnew machines

The men become the sole providers The men become the sole providers for the family and women stay home for the family and women stay home with the childrenwith the children

All children are sent to schoolAll children are sent to school

Working classWorking class New families that moved from the New families that moved from the

farm to the cityfarm to the city Enjoyed little to NO luxuries in lifeEnjoyed little to NO luxuries in life Large families/ Children=WagesLarge families/ Children=Wages Life expectancy fallsLife expectancy falls Many families share one houseMany families share one house

Working in a FactoryWorking in a Factory 12/16 hours days, 6 days a week12/16 hours days, 6 days a week 30 minute lunch and dinner breaks30 minute lunch and dinner breaks Worst places to work were cotton factories Worst places to work were cotton factories

and coal minesand coal mines Coal miners had to work in tunnels no Coal miners had to work in tunnels no

larger than 3-4 feet high, horrible pollutionlarger than 3-4 feet high, horrible pollution Child Labor was exploited-easier to force Child Labor was exploited-easier to force

into jobs, few would stand up for children, into jobs, few would stand up for children, paid less than half of anpaid less than half of an

adult male, made up 50%adult male, made up 50%of the labor forceof the labor force

Reforms against injustice in the cityReforms against injustice in the city 1848-Public Health Act went into affect to aid 1848-Public Health Act went into affect to aid

problems of Sanitation-Choleraproblems of Sanitation-Cholera 1830/1840-Child Labor Laws finally created, 1830/1840-Child Labor Laws finally created,

but no one followed them. It was in but no one followed them. It was in everyone's best interest to ignore the rule to everyone's best interest to ignore the rule to make a profitmake a profit

Factory Act of 1802/1891: Factory Act of 1802/1891: – limited hours of work to 12 for all under 16limited hours of work to 12 for all under 16– No children under 9 can workNo children under 9 can work– Only laws for Cotton millsOnly laws for Cotton mills

Factory Act 1833: Factory Act 1833: – Children 9-13 8 hours/2 hours of educationChildren 9-13 8 hours/2 hours of education– Children 13-18 12 hours daysChildren 13-18 12 hours days– Included all FactoriesIncluded all Factories

HookHook

What were the Factory acts of 1833What were the Factory acts of 1833

World ReformsWorld Reforms Reform for the world came with the IRReform for the world came with the IR LiberalismLiberalism – emerged supporting – emerged supporting

government protection of individual government protection of individual rights and civil libertiesrights and civil liberties

All wanted All wanted suffragesuffrage – the right to vote – the right to vote SocialismSocialism – All equal in the government – All equal in the government Slavery is abolished in 1833 in all nations Slavery is abolished in 1833 in all nations

except the U.S.except the U.S.

Victorian AgeVictorian Age Did not experience revolts in 1848 Did not experience revolts in 1848

– Economic growth-middle class say Economic growth-middle class say improvements in lifeimprovements in lifeWages increasedWages increasedBritish feelings of national prideBritish feelings of national pride

Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901) reflected the ageQueen Victoria (1837 – 1901) reflected the age– There was a sense of pride in ones hard work There was a sense of pride in ones hard work

and merit in England. and merit in England. – Charles DarwinCharles Darwin’’ss beliefs on the survival of the beliefs on the survival of the

fittest were rampant throughout England. fittest were rampant throughout England. Time in England was the Time in England was the Victorian EraVictorian Era..

England PoliticallyEngland Politically

DisraeliDisraeli Leader of the Tory party, Leader of the Tory party,

now called now called conservativesconservatives

Reform Act of 1867Reform Act of 1867 Supporter of Supporter of

expansionism and expansionism and saving the Great British saving the Great British EmpireEmpire

GladstoneGladstone

Prime Minister (1868–74, Prime Minister (1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892–1880–85, 1886 and 1892–94). 94).

Leader of the Whigs now Leader of the Whigs now liberal partyliberal party

Home Rule Bill 1914 - est. Home Rule Bill 1914 - est. Irish self governmentIrish self government

Let government jobs Let government jobs earned through civil earned through civil service examservice exam

Secret BallotSecret Ballot No purchasing of military No purchasing of military

commissionscommissions Education Act of 1870Education Act of 1870

Hook 3.23.09Hook 3.23.09

How did Charles Darwin make people How did Charles Darwin make people more nationalistic?more nationalistic?

Britain overseas-CanadaBritain overseas-Canada Upper Canada was English SpeakingUpper Canada was English Speaking Lower Canada was French speakingLower Canada was French speaking By 1800 want more autonomy-desire By 1800 want more autonomy-desire

for self government 1815-1850for self government 1815-1850 By 1837 several groups rebelled By 1837 several groups rebelled

against Britishagainst British The The DominionDominion of Canada, 1867 of Canada, 1867

– Own Constitution, own PM, own Own Constitution, own PM, own ParliamentParliament

– Foreign affairs were controlled by BritainForeign affairs were controlled by Britain

Britain overseas- New Zealand and Britain overseas- New Zealand and AustraliaAustralia

Britain took over Australia with the Britain took over Australia with the world traveler world traveler James CookJames Cook 1770 1770– Used as a penal colonyUsed as a penal colony– 1901 1901 CommonwealthCommonwealth status status

New Zealand – Founded by James New Zealand – Founded by James cook in 1820cook in 1820– 1852- Self governing/ new constitution1852- Self governing/ new constitution– 1893 – 11893 – 1stst country in the world to grant country in the world to grant

women rights to votewomen rights to vote– 1907 – British dominion1907 – British dominion

Reform in FranceReform in France

After Napoleon- After Napoleon- Louis XVIIILouis XVIII took over took over the nation the nation

1824 Louis XVIII died and his brother 1824 Louis XVIII died and his brother Charles X took overCharles X took over

Charles XCharles X wanted absolute power wanted absolute power and the people of France revolted in and the people of France revolted in June and July June and July

Charles X ran away and Louis Charles X ran away and Louis Philippe took the thronePhilippe took the throne

France cont…France cont…

New leader New leader Louis PhilippeLouis Philippe ruled under a ruled under a RepublicRepublic

French parliament approved of this new French parliament approved of this new governmentgovernment

Monarchists hated this new rule- they Monarchists hated this new rule- they wanted a kingwanted a king

1848 Louis Philippe is run out of the 1848 Louis Philippe is run out of the country and Louis Napoleon takes overcountry and Louis Napoleon takes over

Ruled under the Napoleon IIIRuled under the Napoleon III Napoleon IIINapoleon III like he uncle will rule as an like he uncle will rule as an

emperoremperor

RussiaRussia

Looking for water for tradeLooking for water for trade Attack the Ottoman Empire for their Attack the Ottoman Empire for their

seas- Black and Balticseas- Black and Baltic Crimean war-Crimean war- Ottoman Empire vs. Ottoman Empire vs.

Russia in 1854Russia in 1854 Russians are defeated when every Russians are defeated when every

power in Europe aligns with power in Europe aligns with OttomansOttomans

Russia falls back into isolationRussia falls back into isolation

United States in 1840sUnited States in 1840s The United States: Civil War and ReunionThe United States: Civil War and Reunion

– Differences between North and SouthDifferences between North and South The cotton economy-south, social class based on slaveryThe cotton economy-south, social class based on slavery Northern economy was industrial and focused on social class based on Northern economy was industrial and focused on social class based on

skillsskills

1850s slavery caused the Whig party to collapse and 1850s slavery caused the Whig party to collapse and the Democrats split North and souththe Democrats split North and south

Election of Abraham Lincoln debate intensifies Election of Abraham Lincoln debate intensifies between North and South in the 1860sbetween North and South in the 1860s– secession of South Carolina, 1860secession of South Carolina, 1860– Feb 1861 6 more states joined South CarolinaFeb 1861 6 more states joined South Carolina

Civil WarCivil War, 1861-1865, 1861-1865– North has the advantageNorth has the advantage– 1863 Emancipation Proclamation-all slaves free in the Nation1863 Emancipation Proclamation-all slaves free in the Nation– Robert E Lee doesnRobert E Lee doesn’’t officially surrender until April 1865t officially surrender until April 1865