hope and despair in environmental issues
DESCRIPTION
Elizabeth Andre's presentation to MAEE 3/13/10TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hope and Despair in Environmental Topics
Why is despair chasing us? Where can we find hope?
Elizabeth K. Andre, MAEE Conference, March 13, 2010Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 2: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 3: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Dirty little secret of the Environmental Movement
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 4: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Dirty little secret of the Environmental Movement
We may be unprepared to deal with it.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 5: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Dirty little secret of the Environmental Movement
We may be unprepared to deal with it.
Hope is a necessary component of environmental and social change.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 6: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 7: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Source: Pew Research Center, October 22, 2009
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 8: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 9: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Source: Norgaard, K. M. (2006) People want to protect themselves a little bit: Emotions, denial, and social movement nonparticipation, Sociological Inquiry, 76(3): 372 - 396.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 10: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why is it important to talk about despair?
Source: Norgaard, K. M. (2006) People want to protect themselves a little bit: Emotions, denial, and social movement nonparticipation, Sociological Inquiry, 76(3): 372 - 396.
When will people begin to react to global warming?
Emotion and conversation norms shiftIndividuals have a different relationship with emotions of powerlessness, fear, & guilt.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 11: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why is there so much despair in Environmental circles?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 12: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why is there so much despair in Environmental circles?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 13: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Environmental Behavior ModelHungerford and Volk, 1990
Entry Level VariablesSensitivity, Knowledge of Ecology, Attitudes towards pollution, technology and economics
Ownership VariablesIn-depth knowledge about issues, Personal investment in the issues and the environment,
Knowledge of consequences of behavior, A personal commitment to issue resolution
Empowerment VariablesKnowledge of and skill in using environmental action strategies, Locus of control
Citizenship Behavior
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 14: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Environmental Behavior ModelHungerford and Volk, 1990
Entry Level VariablesSensitivity, Knowledge of Ecology, Attitudes towards pollution, technology and economics
Ownership VariablesIn-depth knowledge about issues, Personal investment in the issues and the environment,
Knowledge of consequences of behavior, A personal commitment to issue resolution
Empowerment VariablesKnowledge of and skill in using environmental action strategies, Locus of control
Citizenship Behavior
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 15: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Environmental Sensitivity
An empathetic connection
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 16: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aldo Leopold, 1949
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 17: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
“We grieve only for what we know. The erasure of Silphium from western Dane
County is no cause for grief if one knows it only as a name in a botany book”
Aldo Leopold, 1949
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 18: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“We grieve only for what we know. The erasure of Silphium from western Dane
County is no cause for grief if one knows it only as a name in a botany book”
Aldo Leopold, 1949
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 19: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Golden Toad--Costa Rica
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 20: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Golden Toad--Costa Rica
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 21: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Great Barrier Reef
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 22: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Great Barrier Reef
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 23: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 24: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 25: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 26: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 27: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aldo Leopold
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 28: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
“One of the penalties of an ecological education is that one lives alone in a
world of wounds.”Aldo Leopold
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 29: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
“One of the penalties of an ecological education is that one lives alone in a
world of wounds.”Aldo Leopold
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 30: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 31: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?We are sensitive beings.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 32: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?We are sensitive beings.
We feel connections to other living things.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 33: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?We are sensitive beings.
We feel connections to other living things.
They are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 34: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?We are sensitive beings.
We feel connections to other living things.
They are dying.
Many environmental messages highlight loss.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 35: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Why do we feel despair?We are sensitive beings.
We feel connections to other living things.
They are dying.
Many environmental messages highlight loss.
But wait...There’s more!!!
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 36: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 37: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 38: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 39: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 40: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 41: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 42: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 43: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Things are complex.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 44: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Things are complex.
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 45: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 46: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model•Ownership Variables
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 47: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model•Ownership Variables
• In-depth knowledge of issues
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 48: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model•Ownership Variables
• In-depth knowledge of issues• Knowledge of consequences of personal behavior
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 49: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model•Ownership Variables
• In-depth knowledge of issues• Knowledge of consequences of personal behavior
• Empowerment Variables
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 50: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Things are complex.
Environmental Behavior Model•Ownership Variables
• In-depth knowledge of issues• Knowledge of consequences of personal behavior
• Empowerment Variables• Locus of Control
Disempowering
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 51: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 52: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 53: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 54: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
But wait...There’s more!!!
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 55: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dominant paradigms in Environmental Philosophy
Eco Marxism
Ecological Modernization
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 56: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Eco Marxism
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 57: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Eco MarxismContribute to environmental decline.
Captialist States:
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 58: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Eco MarxismContribute to environmental decline.
Are limited in ability to promote substantive environmental improvements, because...
Captialist States:
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 59: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Eco MarxismContribute to environmental decline.
Are limited in ability to promote substantive environmental improvements, because...
Must support the treadmill of production.
Captialist States:
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 60: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Eco Marxism
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
“Everyone is on the
treadmill and unable or
unwilling to get off.”
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 61: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Eco Marxism
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 62: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Eco Marxism
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 63: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Eco Marxism
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 64: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 65: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
"This culture will not undergo any sort of
voluntary transformation to a sane and sustainable
way of living...[c]ivilization needs to
be brought down now."
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 66: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Eco Marxist Philosophies
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 67: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Eco Marxist Philosophies
The solution to our environmental crisis requires radical changes.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 68: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Eco Marxist Philosophies
The solution to our environmental crisis requires radical changes.
Radical change is the best way society has to deal with these challenges
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 69: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Resonates with Young People
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 70: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
change is difficult and slow
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 71: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
change is difficult and slow
many environmental proposals are ineffective
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 72: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
change is difficult and slow
many environmental proposals are ineffective
revolution is unlikely
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 73: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
change is difficult and slow
many environmental proposals are ineffective
revolution is unlikely
actions seen as unable to significantly impact overall situation
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 74: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
change is difficult and slow
many environmental proposals are ineffective
revolution is unlikely
actions seen as unable to significantly impact overall situation
• anger
• hopelessness
• apathy
• pessimism
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 75: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Pessimism has a tendency to reinforce itself.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 76: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Pessimism has a tendency to reinforce itself.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Hopelessness
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 77: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Pessimism has a tendency to reinforce itself.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Apathy sets in
Hopelessness
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 78: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Pessimism has a tendency to reinforce itself.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Problems increase
Apathy sets in
Hopelessness
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 79: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Pessimism has a tendency to reinforce itself.
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
“A vicious downward spiral”
Problems increase
Apathy sets in
Hopelessness
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 80: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 81: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 82: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 83: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 84: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
But wait, there’s more...
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 85: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Academia
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 86: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Academia“Blind pessimism is too
often seen as a realistic, sophisticated, and
intellectually refined view of the world among many
academics.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 87: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Academia“Blind pessimism is too
often seen as a realistic, sophisticated, and
intellectually refined view of the world among many
academics.Hope is often seen as quaint, religious, and
naïve.”
Johnson, B. (2005) Overcoming “Doom and Gloom”: Empowering students in courses on social problems, injustice, and inequity. Teaching Sociology, 33: 44 – 58.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 88: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 89: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 90: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 91: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 92: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 93: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
There’ll be more later...Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 94: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 95: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Optimism?
Hope?
Utopian visions?
Drugs?
Other?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 96: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Optimism: a stable predisposition to “believe that good rather than bad things will happen”
What is optimism?
Source: Scheier & Carver, 1985; cited in Bryant, F. B. & Cvengros, J. A. (2004) Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,
23(2), 273 – 302.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 97: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Optimism: a stable predisposition to “believe that good rather than bad things will happen”
What is optimism?
Source: Scheier & Carver, 1985; cited in Bryant, F. B. & Cvengros, J. A. (2004) Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,
23(2), 273 – 302.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 98: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Optimism: a stable predisposition to “believe that good rather than bad things will happen”
What is optimism?
Source: Scheier & Carver, 1985; cited in Bryant, F. B. & Cvengros, J. A. (2004) Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,
23(2), 273 – 302.
James Hansen et al:“if humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar
to that on which civilization developed and to which life on
Earth is adapted...”
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 99: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Optimism: a stable predisposition to “believe that good rather than bad things will happen”
What is optimism?
Source: Scheier & Carver, 1985; cited in Bryant, F. B. & Cvengros, J. A. (2004) Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,
23(2), 273 – 302.
“Improbable” < 650 ppm
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 100: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
What motivates 350.org?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 101: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
What motivates 350.org?
Naive optimism?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 102: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
What motivates 350.org?
Naive optimism?
They haven’t read the data and don’t understand the improbability of success?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 103: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
What motivates 350.org?
Naive optimism?
They haven’t read the data and don’t understand the improbability of success?
other?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 104: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
What motivates 350.org?
Naive optimism?
They haven’t read the data and don’t understand the improbability of success?
other?
Let’s turn to a philosopher for insight...
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 105: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 106: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
“There are legitimate grounds for hope in hard times, but not one speck of ground for wishful thinking of any kind. We won’t be rescued by more research, hypertechnology, or some deus ex
machina…
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 107: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
“There are legitimate grounds for hope in hard times, but not one speck of ground for wishful thinking of any kind. We won’t be rescued by more research, hypertechnology, or some deus ex
machina…
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
In our situation, hope is definitely not the same thing as optimism. It is not the conviction that something will turn out well, but the certainty that something makes sense, regardless of how it turns
out (Havel 1991:181).
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 108: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
“There are legitimate grounds for hope in hard times, but not one speck of ground for wishful thinking of any kind. We won’t be rescued by more research, hypertechnology, or some deus ex
machina…
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
In our situation, hope is definitely not the same thing as optimism. It is not the conviction that something will turn out well, but the certainty that something makes sense, regardless of how it turns
out (Havel 1991:181).
Optimism cannot be commanded, as [Auschwitz survivor Viktor] Frankl observes, but hope can be nurtured by good work, openness
to life, and rising above our lesser selves.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 109: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
“There are legitimate grounds for hope in hard times, but not one speck of ground for wishful thinking of any kind. We won’t be rescued by more research, hypertechnology, or some deus ex
machina…
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
In our situation, hope is definitely not the same thing as optimism. It is not the conviction that something will turn out well, but the certainty that something makes sense, regardless of how it turns
out (Havel 1991:181).
Optimism cannot be commanded, as [Auschwitz survivor Viktor] Frankl observes, but hope can be nurtured by good work, openness
to life, and rising above our lesser selves.
Hope, real hope, comes from doing the things before us that need to be done in the spirit of thankfulness and celebration,
without worrying about whether we will win or lose.”
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 110: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Orr is a Philosopher
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 111: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Orr is a Philosopher ...
What do Cognitive Psychologists have to say
about hope?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 112: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Hope Theory
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 113: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 114: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Hope TheoryHope is “the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways”
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 115: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 116: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Hope TheoryBased on premise that people are likely to think in terms of GOALS.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 117: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Hope TheoryBased on premise that people are likely to think in terms of GOALS.
Goals provide Targets of Mental Action Sequences.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 118: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Hope TheoryBased on premise that people are likely to think in terms of GOALS.
Goals provide Targets of Mental Action Sequences.
People approach goal pursuits by thinking about how to make a useable PATHWAY from Point A to B.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 119: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Hope TheoryBased on premise that people are likely to think in terms of GOALS.
Goals provide Targets of Mental Action Sequences.
People approach goal pursuits by thinking about how to make a useable PATHWAY from Point A to B.
The purpose of the human brain is to anticipate these sequences.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 120: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Hope TheoryBased on premise that people are likely to think in terms of GOALS.
Goals provide Targets of Mental Action Sequences.
People approach goal pursuits by thinking about how to make a useable PATHWAY from Point A to B.
The purpose of the human brain is to anticipate these sequences.
The motivation component is agency thinking—“the perceived capacity to use one’s pathways to reach desired goals.”
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 121: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 122: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Hope TheoryA cognitive model, not an emotional one.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 123: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Hope TheoryA cognitive model, not an emotional one.
However, emotions do play a role:
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 124: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Hope TheoryA cognitive model, not an emotional one.
However, emotions do play a role:
A person’s perceptions of success influence subsequent emotions.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 125: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Hope TheoryA cognitive model, not an emotional one.
However, emotions do play a role:
A person’s perceptions of success influence subsequent emotions.
People experience negative emotions when blocked from achieving goals.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 126: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Hope TheoryA cognitive model, not an emotional one.
However, emotions do play a role:
A person’s perceptions of success influence subsequent emotions.
People experience negative emotions when blocked from achieving goals.
Lack of progress results in reduction in well-being (not the other way around).
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 127: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 128: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Hope Theory
When attainment of a goal is threatened, a person experiences stress.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 129: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Hope Theory
When attainment of a goal is threatened, a person experiences stress.
As a person begins to realize the “imperviousness of the barrier,” stress gives way to negative emotions.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 130: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 131: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Hope Theory
False hope is “the state of having a desired goal and the requisite motivation (i.e. agency), but not having the plans to reach the goal”
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 132: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 133: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Hope TheoryHope theory suggests that the most appropriate goals for hope are ones that are not so easy to attain that achieving them is a “given” but that are not so lofty as to be unrealistic.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 134: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Hope Theory
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 135: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Hope TheoryHope theory does, however, explore certain cases where people may pursue unattainable goals with the knowledge that the goal will not be met, but that the pursuit in itself will be satisfying.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 136: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Hope TheoryHope theory does, however, explore certain cases where people may pursue unattainable goals with the knowledge that the goal will not be met, but that the pursuit in itself will be satisfying.
Snyder offers an example in Christians who try to emulate the perfection of Christ.
Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249 – 275.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 137: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Dominant paradigms in Environmental Philosophy
Eco Marxism
Ecological Modernization
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 138: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 139: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Most important political ideology today.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 140: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Most important political ideology today.
Often called “optimistic”
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 141: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Most important political ideology today.
Often called “optimistic”
Works within Capitalism
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 142: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Most important political ideology today.
Often called “optimistic”
Works within Capitalism
Develop new technologies to “green” industry
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 143: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Most important political ideology today.
Often called “optimistic”
Works within Capitalism
Develop new technologies to “green” industry
Asks what change is needed within current institutions to create more sustainable societies.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 144: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 145: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationOffers society the solution of technology.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 146: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationOffers society the solution of technology.
Solutions will arise as developments in technology become available.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 147: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationOffers society the solution of technology.
Solutions will arise as developments in technology become available.
Dependent on eventual realization by industrialism that its methods of production are not sustainable.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 148: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationOffers society the solution of technology.
Solutions will arise as developments in technology become available.
Dependent on eventual realization by industrialism that its methods of production are not sustainable.
Government plays little role in restructuring.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 149: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationOffers society the solution of technology.
Solutions will arise as developments in technology become available.
Dependent on eventual realization by industrialism that its methods of production are not sustainable.
Government plays little role in restructuring.
Self-regulating free market realizes its own faults.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 150: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 151: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationIs true hope possible?
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 152: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationIs true hope possible?
Remember, hope is a rational response; optimism is irrational, belief-centered.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 153: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationIs true hope possible?
Remember, hope is a rational response; optimism is irrational, belief-centered.
Optimism, as offered by E. M. removes most of the agentic powers of individuals & places the desired outcome in the hands of technology.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 154: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Ecological ModernizationIs true hope possible?
Remember, hope is a rational response; optimism is irrational, belief-centered.
Optimism, as offered by E. M. removes most of the agentic powers of individuals & places the desired outcome in the hands of technology.
Similar to false hope: “I hope it doesn’t snow today!”
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 155: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
“The risk of hoping, but not being the agent bearing the responsibility for the fulfillment of that hope, is that it is difficult to evaluate progress toward the hoped-for goal or indeed whether it remains a realistic goal.”
Source: Drahos, P. (2004). Trading in public hope. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592, 18.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 156: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
Source: Drahos, P. (2004). Trading in public hope. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592, 18.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 157: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
E. M. principles can then be used as a tool to manipulate society, preventing any challenges to current policies.
Source: Drahos, P. (2004). Trading in public hope. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592, 18.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 158: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Ecological Modernization
E. M. principles can then be used as a tool to manipulate society, preventing any challenges to current policies.
There is no hope or cooperation in E. M. due to the overemphasis on technological developments to solve society’s problems.
Source: Drahos, P. (2004). Trading in public hope. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592, 18.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 159: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 160: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 161: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 162: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 163: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 164: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Ecological Modernization does not allow for true hope.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 165: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Ecological Modernization does not allow for true hope.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 166: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Ecological Modernization does not allow for true hope.
There’ll be more later...Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 167: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 168: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Optimism?
Hope?
Utopian visions?
Other?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 169: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Utopian Visions
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 170: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Utopian VisionsAll Environmentalism contains utopia as an end goal.
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 171: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Utopian VisionsAll Environmentalism contains utopia as an end goal.
Utopianism is utilized in the environmental movement to “inspire hope”
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 172: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Utopian VisionsAll Environmentalism contains utopia as an end goal.
Utopianism is utilized in the environmental movement to “inspire hope”
Yet hope surrounds an attainable goal that can be reached by planning and realistic assessments.
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 173: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
Utopian VisionsAll Environmentalism contains utopia as an end goal.
Utopianism is utilized in the environmental movement to “inspire hope”
Yet hope surrounds an attainable goal that can be reached by planning and realistic assessments.
Utopianism as offered by environmentalists undermines the true power of hope as a social change mechanism.
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 174: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
Utopian VisionsAll Environmentalism contains utopia as an end goal.
Utopianism is utilized in the environmental movement to “inspire hope”
Yet hope surrounds an attainable goal that can be reached by planning and realistic assessments.
Utopianism as offered by environmentalists undermines the true power of hope as a social change mechanism.
Utopias as fantasy are devoid of social change potential.s
Source: Pepper, D. (2005). Utopianism and environmentalism. Environmental Politics, 14(1), 3.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 175: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Source: Breyman, S. (1997). Social studies of science and activism: STS as campus greening movement. Philosophy and Social Action, 23(1), 5.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 176: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
To be truly involved in the environmental movement for the duration that is required to create valuable change, the belief in utopia is
contradictory.
Source: Breyman, S. (1997). Social studies of science and activism: STS as campus greening movement. Philosophy and Social Action, 23(1), 5.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 177: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
To be truly involved in the environmental movement for the duration that is required to create valuable change, the belief in utopia is
contradictory.
Source: Breyman, S. (1997). Social studies of science and activism: STS as campus greening movement. Philosophy and Social Action, 23(1), 5.
An honest assessment of the obstacles as required by substantial hope prevents both
unrealistic expectations and burn-out.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 178: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 179: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 180: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 181: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 182: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 183: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Ecological Modernization does not allow for true hope.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 184: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
Possible sources of despair:We are sensitive and things are dying.
Issues are complex and we become disempowered.
Eco Marxism encourages unrealistic goals, and we fail to reach them.
Culture of pessimism in the Academy.
Ecological Modernization does not allow for true hope.
Utopian visions cannot inspire true hope.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 185: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
So... How can we respond?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 186: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
One possible strategy:
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 187: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
One possible strategy:
“making this choice cheats students of what they enter into a college classroom for in the first place—namely, frank, honest, and critical
discussions of pressing issues”
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 188: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
MeliorismWilliam James, John Dewey
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 189: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
The world is neither good nor bad in itself; it is only good or bad and only gets better or worse as a result of human intervention and action.
MeliorismWilliam James, John Dewey
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 190: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
The world is neither good nor bad in itself; it is only good or bad and only gets better or worse as a result of human intervention and action.
Focused on action and incremental change
MeliorismWilliam James, John Dewey
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 191: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
The world is neither good nor bad in itself; it is only good or bad and only gets better or worse as a result of human intervention and action.
Focused on action and incremental change
De-emphasizes the false dualism of optimism and pessimism
MeliorismWilliam James, John Dewey
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 192: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
The world is neither good nor bad in itself; it is only good or bad and only gets better or worse as a result of human intervention and action.
Focused on action and incremental change
De-emphasizes the false dualism of optimism and pessimism
Allows us to remain grounded and realistically cognizant of the depth and breadth of challenges and at the same time keep hope.
MeliorismWilliam James, John Dewey
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 193: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
“Melior ism tends to undercut the defeatist,
alarmist, and generally depressing appraisals of the
future by encouraging us to invest in the possibility of possibility”
Source: Sheppard, J. W. (2004) Reducing pessimism’s sway in the environmental ethics classroom. Worldviews, 8(2 – 3), 213 – 226.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 194: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
the possibility of possibility
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 195: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
Meliorism
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 196: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
MeliorismUtopian ideal is peripheral to a sound perspective of smaller goals that are visibly achievable by individuals and groups.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 197: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
MeliorismUtopian ideal is peripheral to a sound perspective of smaller goals that are visibly achievable by individuals and groups.
Challenges pessimism and optimism as well as Eco Marxism and E. M. by replacing defeatism and utopianism with opportunity.
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 198: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
MeliorismUtopian ideal is peripheral to a sound perspective of smaller goals that are visibly achievable by individuals and groups.
Challenges pessimism and optimism as well as Eco Marxism and E. M. by replacing defeatism and utopianism with opportunity.
Can be a mechanism of providing hope:
Awareness of obstacles
Ability to see reward in small changes
Attentiveness to larger goal
Source: Lueck, M. A. M. (2007). Hope for a cause as cause for hope: The need for hope in environmental sociology. American Sociology, 38: 250 – 261.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 199: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 200: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Hope
Meliorism
Humor
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 201: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
Tragedy vs. Comedy
Orr, D. W. (2004) Hope in hard times. Conservation Biology 18(2), 295 – 298.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 202: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Saturday, March 13, 2010
![Page 203: Hope and Despair in Environmental Issues](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102813/546aea00af795954498b5a57/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
What do we need to counter despair?
Hope
Meliorism
Humor
Other?
Saturday, March 13, 2010