Hormones: Sources, Targets and FunctionsSource Hormone Target Physiologic Effect

Anterior pituitary

Follicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH)

Ovary and Testes

Growth ofovarian follicles orseminiferous tubules

Anterior pituitary

Luteinizing hormone(LH)

Ovary and Testes

Production ofestrogen and progesteroneor testosterone

Anterior pituitary

Prolactin (LTH)Ovary and Mammary

Stimulate milk production in breastmaintain secretion of estrogen and progesterone by ovary

Anterior pituitary

Thyroid stimulatinghormone (TSH)

ThyroidStimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Anterior pituitary

Adrenocorticotropichormone (ACTH)

Adrenal cortexStimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Anterior pituitary

Growth hormone (GH) General Stimulates growth

Anterior pituitary

Melanocyte-stimulatinghormone (MSH)

MelanocytesStimulates dispersal of pigment in chromatophores

Hypothalamus viaposterior pituitary

OxytocinUterus and Mammary

Stimulates contraction andsecretion of milk

Hypothalamus viaposterior pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

KidneyStimulates reabsorption of water

Thyroid glandThyroxin andtriodothyroxin

GeneralStimulates metabolism, growth and development

Thyroid gland Calcitonin BoneLowers blood calcium level byinhibiting bone breakdown

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormoneBone, kidneydigestive tract

Increases blood calcium bystimulating bone breakdown

Adrenal cortexMineralocorticoids(aldosterone)

KidneyMaintain sodium and phosphate balance

Adrenal cortexGlucoocorticoids(cortisol)

GeneralRaise blood-glucose leveladapt to long-term stress

Adrenal cortexDehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)

Stimulate sex driveinduce labor

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine(adrenalin)

Muscle, liverStimulates glucose releaseshort term cope with stress

Adrenal medulla

Norepinephrine Blood vesselsConstricts blood vesselsincrease heart rate

Pineal gland MelatoninGonads, pigment cellsother cells

Control biorhythmsinfluence reproduction

Pancreasalpha cells

GlucagonLiverfatty tissue

Raise blood glucose concentrationstimulate gluconeogenesis

Pancreasbeta cells

Insulin GeneralLower blood glucose concentrationstimulate glycogen synthesis

OvaryEstrogenestradiol

Generaluterus

Develop/maintain female characteristicsstimulate growth of uterine lining

Ovary ProgestrogenUterusbreast

Stimulate development of uterine lining

Ovary andplacenta

RelaxinPelvic ligaments

Relaxes pelvic ligaments

PlacentaChorionicgonadotropin

Anterior pituitary

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

Testes TestosteroneGeneral andreproductive structures

Develops and maintains male sex characteristicspromotes spermatogenesis

Testes InhibinAnterior lobeof pituitary

Inhibits FSH release

Testes TestosteroneGeneral andreproductive structures

Develops and maintains male sex characteristicspromotes spermatogenesis

Duodenal mucosa

Secretin PancreasStimulates secretion of pancreatic juice

Duodenal mucosa

Cholecystokinin GallbladderStimulates release of bile by gallbladder