Hormones produced by other Major organsKelly Diaz 3/4/14A&P

Prostaglandins (PGs)• This includes several groups indicated by the letters A-I

(PGA-PGI)• The chemical composition is derived form the fatty acid

molecules • Source: the plasma membranes of virtually all body cells

stimulus is various (local, irritation, hormones, ect.)• This hormone has many targets, but only acts locally at

site of release • Ex. - cause constriction of the respiratory passages ways - stimulate the muscles of the uterus and promote labor - promote inflammation and pain

Gastrin • The chemical composition

is a peptide • Source: the stomach • To stimulate the hormone

is food • The target is the stomach:

inhibiting glands to release hydrochloric acid (HCI)

Intestinal Gastrin • Its is a peptide • The source is duodenum

of the small intestine • The stimulus is food,

especially fats• The target is the stomach

and it inhibits HCI secretion and gastrointestinal tract mobility

Secretin • It’s a peptide • the source: duodenum • The stimulus is food • The target organs are the

pancreas which stimulates the bicarbonate-rich juice

• The liver: increases release of bile

• The stomach: reduce secretions

Cholecystokinin (CCK)• It’s a peptide• Source: duodenum• The stimulus is food• The organs it affects are

the pancreas which stimulates the enzyme-rich juice

• Gallbladder: stimulates expulsion of stored bile

• Duodenal papilla: causes the sphincter to relax, allowing the bile and pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum

Erythropoietin • The chemical composition

is glycoprotein • The source is the kidney• The stimulus is the

hypoxia• The target is the bone

marrow and they stimulate production of red blood cells

Active vitamin D3 • It’s a steroid• The source is the

kidney(activates the provitamin D made by epidermal cells)

• The stimulus is PTH• The target organ is the

intestine stimulating active transport of dietary calcium across intestinal cell membranes

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)• It’s a peptide • The source is the heart• The stimulus is the

stretching of atria of the heart

• The target organs are kidney which inhibits sodium ion reabsorption and renin release

• Adrenal cortex: inhibits secretion of aldosterone and that decreases blood pressure and volume

Leptin • It’s a peptide • Source: Adipose tissue• The stimulus is fatty foods• The target organ is the

brain which suppresses appetite and increase energy expenditure

Resistin • It’s a peptide • The source adipose tissue • It doesn’t have a known

stimulus• The targets are fat,

muscle, liver: antagonizes insulin’s action on liver cells

Credits •Elaine N. Marieb- Essentials of Human

Anatomy and Physiology