horticulture 2007 mass aggie seminar win cowgill, rutgers coop. extension
TRANSCRIPT
HORTICULTURE
2007 MASS Aggie Seminar
Win Cowgill, Rutgers Coop. Extension
Massachusetts peach production
Peaches• 380 acres• 2.0 million lbs ($0.75)• $1.5 millionApples• 4,100 acres• 28.5 million lbs ($0.38)• $10 million
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MA is on the very northern edge of peach growing country
Most Important Issues
• Flower Bud Hardiness
• Tree Hardiness
• Bacterial and fungal cankers
• Peach tree borers
Back to Basics
Location-only best orchard sites• Frost free site-know past weather
history• North facing - delay bloom• Well drained fertile soils
N
More Basics
Plan two years ahead• Soil tests• Adjust pH and nutrients• Nematode assays? • Add soil organic matter• Control perennial weeds• Order trees
Type of Tree To Order
•Smaller caliper•Weak tree•Low buds
Pay Attention to Proper Establishment
• Correct pH and Correct pH and NutrientsNutrients
• Establish Raised Establish Raised bedsbeds
• Establish sod middles Establish sod middles and herbicide strips and herbicide strips the fall beforethe fall before
Root Distribution
Root DistributionStops at Turf
Weed FreeHerbicide Strip
Soil Preparation
• Subsoil Prior to planting
• Clay Pot Effect From Auger - (fall)
• Break sides before planting
Planting Depth& Lime
• Correct planting depth• Leave graft union 2”
above• Two or more pounds of
calcium lime in backfill
Cultivar Selection
• Select only bud hardy cultivars-most California cultivars are not hardy enough
• Bud vs. wood hardiness
• Unique Cultivars white flesh-non melting flesh
Donut Peaches
Avoid Winter Injury
• Southwest injury
• Peach borers
• Cytostopora canker
• Paint trunks whiteExterior White Latex Paint2 to 1 waterLow acrylic content
Cytospora Canker
•Most Serious Problem in the North East•Prune at bud-break in April if possible•Paint Pruning cuts on scaffolds•Use tree paint with benomyl
Peach Fertility
• Soil and tissue tests• Split applications of nitrogen• 1st app. in a complete fertilizer 3-4 weeks
prior to bud break to supply 1/2 total seasonal N requirement
• 2nd app. at shuck split• If frozen out eliminate 2nd app.• Do not over-apply nitrogen• Do not apply N After June 15
Peach Thinning
• Large Size is Essential• Thin Early-consider bloom thinning• Wiffle bat, toilet brush, fan belt on
broom handle• At least 6-8” between peaches -- at
least!
Sweet Cherry
•Dwarfing Rootstocks-Gisela
Concerns-
1. Cracking-rain-covers
2. Birds-netting
3. Bacterial Canker
Sweet CherryGisela Rootstocks
Hartland/G6Heidlefingen/G5
Bacterial Canker
• Bordeaux sprays
• Summer prune only
• Stub prune
• Resistant cultivars
More information?
Web sites…
www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor/
http://ssfruit.cas.psu.edu/