horticulture cd unit c 6-1: nursery, landscaping, and gardening

Horticulture CDHorticulture CD

Unit C 6-1: Nursery, Unit C 6-1: Nursery, Landscaping, and Landscaping, and

GardeningGardening

Problem Area 6: Using and Problem Area 6: Using and Maintaining Tools and Maintaining Tools and

EquipmentEquipment

Lesson 1: Using Hand ToolsLesson 1: Using Hand Tools

Can YouCan You

Chisel With a Hammer?Chisel With a Hammer?

Dig a Hole With a Rake?Dig a Hole With a Rake?

Have You Ever Needed to Get a Have You Ever Needed to Get a Job Done and Not Had the Correct Job Done and Not Had the Correct Tools to Accomplish the Task?Tools to Accomplish the Task?

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesDiscuss the type of digging and grading Discuss the type of digging and grading hand tools and their use.hand tools and their use.

Explain the major types of pruning and Explain the major types of pruning and cutting hand tools and their use.cutting hand tools and their use.

Describe the types and uses of Describe the types and uses of miscellaneous hand tools in horticulture.miscellaneous hand tools in horticulture.

Discuss common hand tools used in Discuss common hand tools used in horticulture.horticulture.

Explain how to maintain hand tools.Explain how to maintain hand tools.

TermsTerms

Anvil Hand Anvil Hand PrunersPruners

Back Pack Back Pack SprayersSprayers

Bow SawBow Saw

Broadcast Broadcast SpreadersSpreaders

Curved Blade Curved Blade Pruning SawPruning Saw

Drop SpreadersDrop Spreaders

Garden HoeGarden Hoe

Garden RakesGarden Rakes

Grading HoeGrading Hoe

Grading RakesGrading Rakes

Grafting KnivesGrafting Knives

Grass ShearsGrass Shears

Grubbing HoeGrubbing Hoe

TermsTerms

Hand Crank Hand Crank SpreadersSpreadersHand Spades Hand Spades (Trowels)(Trowels)Hedge ShearsHedge ShearsHoesHoesLawn RollerLawn RollerLawn/Utility CartsLawn/Utility Carts

Leaf RakesLeaf RakesLopping Shears Lopping Shears (Loppers)(Loppers)Measuring WheelMeasuring WheelPatch Budding Patch Budding KnifeKnifePecan Budding Pecan Budding KnifeKnifePitchforkPitchfork

TermsTerms

Pole PrunerPole Pruner

Pruning KnivesPruning Knives

Pump Up Pump Up SprayersSprayers

Round Point Round Point (Gravel) Shovels(Gravel) Shovels

S Blade Hand S Blade Hand PrunerPruner

ScoopsScoops

SpadesSpades

Spading ForkSpading Fork

Square Point Square Point ShovelsShovels

Thatch RakeThatch Rake

Weeding HoeWeeding Hoe

WheelbarrowsWheelbarrows

What Digging and Grading What Digging and Grading Hand Tools are Available and Hand Tools are Available and

How are They Used?How are They Used?

Discuss the types of Discuss the types of digging and grading tools digging and grading tools

and their use.and their use.

ToolsTools

Early man created hand tools from Early man created hand tools from stone, metal, and wood to simplify stone, metal, and wood to simplify their work.their work.

Hand tools make our tasks much Hand tools make our tasks much easier to accomplish.easier to accomplish.

ToolsTools

Learning to use the right tool for the Learning to use the right tool for the job and using it correctly reduces job and using it correctly reduces frustration and increases the work frustration and increases the work that can be completed.that can be completed.

A starting point is to learn to identify A starting point is to learn to identify the tools that will be helpful in the tools that will be helpful in horticulture.horticulture.

ShovelsShovels

Versatile tools used for digging and Versatile tools used for digging and scooping. scooping. Use a shovel to dig out areas and clean Use a shovel to dig out areas and clean loose soil from planting holes.loose soil from planting holes.Round point (gravel) shovels are Round point (gravel) shovels are shovels with rounded sides coming to a shovels with rounded sides coming to a point.point.– They are better for digging especially into They are better for digging especially into

piles of landscape rock than are square piles of landscape rock than are square point shovels.point shovels.

ShovelsShovels

Square point shovels have straight Square point shovels have straight sides with a square end.sides with a square end.– They are designed to level off areas They are designed to level off areas

and to square off the bottom of digging and to square off the bottom of digging areas. areas.

ShovelsShovelsSpades have shorter handles with Spades have shorter handles with narrower and flatter shapes than narrower and flatter shapes than shovels.shovels.– They are designed to penetrate the soil but They are designed to penetrate the soil but

have less scooping and carrying capacity have less scooping and carrying capacity than shovels.than shovels.

– Use spades for digging holes, cultivating, Use spades for digging holes, cultivating, edging, and for breaking up soil.edging, and for breaking up soil.

– They are useful in planting small shrubs They are useful in planting small shrubs and trees.and trees.

ShovelsShovelsHand spades (trowels) have a short Hand spades (trowels) have a short handle and are more pointed than a handle and are more pointed than a spade.spade.– They are used in digging holes to plant They are used in digging holes to plant

flowers and vegetables.flowers and vegetables.

Scoops are generally flat with high sides Scoops are generally flat with high sides and work well for moving materials such and work well for moving materials such as peat moss, sand, and crushed stone.as peat moss, sand, and crushed stone.– They are not intended for digging They are not intended for digging

purposes.purposes.

ShovelsShovels

HoesHoes

Tools used for hand cultivation and Tools used for hand cultivation and grading.grading.

A garden hoe is rectangular with A garden hoe is rectangular with only the bottom edge of the blade only the bottom edge of the blade sharpened.sharpened.– It is used to break up the soil prior to It is used to break up the soil prior to

planting and to loosen soil and remove planting and to loosen soil and remove weeds in planted areas.weeds in planted areas.

HoesHoesA weeding hoe consists of two A weeding hoe consists of two sharp prongs located on top of a sharp prongs located on top of a sharpened blade.sharpened blade.– The sharp prongs are effective for The sharp prongs are effective for

pulling weeds while the bottom edge is pulling weeds while the bottom edge is used as a regular hoe.used as a regular hoe.

– Use a weeding hoe for cultivating Use a weeding hoe for cultivating hard, stony soil.hard, stony soil.

HoesHoes

A grading hoe is a hoe with a A grading hoe is a hoe with a narrow, sharpened, and flat end.narrow, sharpened, and flat end.– It is particularly helpful in loosening It is particularly helpful in loosening

hard or compacted soil.hard or compacted soil.

A grubbing hoe has two narrow, A grubbing hoe has two narrow, sharpened and flat ends.sharpened and flat ends.– Use a grubbing hoe to loosen Use a grubbing hoe to loosen

compacted soil or to dig up shrubs.compacted soil or to dig up shrubs.

ForksForksA spading fork is a tool with four A spading fork is a tool with four heavy tines or prongs used instead heavy tines or prongs used instead of a spade for turning over the soil of a spade for turning over the soil when it is not too hard or when it is not too hard or compacted.compacted.– When digging trees bare root, or lifting When digging trees bare root, or lifting

clumps of bulbs or herbaceous clumps of bulbs or herbaceous perennials, the use of a spading fork perennials, the use of a spading fork reduces possible damage to the bulbs, reduces possible damage to the bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, or roots. tubers, rhizomes, or roots.

ForksForks

A pitchfork is a lightweight fork for A pitchfork is a lightweight fork for moving coarse, lightweight materials moving coarse, lightweight materials such as straw and compost.such as straw and compost.– It is not strong enough for digging soil.It is not strong enough for digging soil.

RakesRakes

Leaf rakes are used for raking grass Leaf rakes are used for raking grass clippings and leaves.clippings and leaves.

Metal garden rakes are used for Metal garden rakes are used for heavy duty raking, leveling, and heavy duty raking, leveling, and grading.grading.– They are often used in smoothing They are often used in smoothing

seedbeds prior to planting.seedbeds prior to planting.

RakesRakesGrading rakes are lightweight Grading rakes are lightweight magnesium rakes usually 42 inches magnesium rakes usually 42 inches wide.wide.– They are used for smoothing and grading They are used for smoothing and grading

prior to seeding a lawn and for lightly raking prior to seeding a lawn and for lightly raking in the seed after it is sown.in the seed after it is sown.

A thatch rake has metal blades and is A thatch rake has metal blades and is used to remove thatch (clippings and used to remove thatch (clippings and dead grass) built up in a lawn.dead grass) built up in a lawn.

Hoes, Forks, and RakesHoes, Forks, and Rakes

Hoes, Forks, and RakesHoes, Forks, and Rakes

Weeding Hoehttp://www.epinions.com

Grubbing Hoehttp://www.poplaracre.com

Pitchfork

What Pruning and Cutting Tools What Pruning and Cutting Tools are Available and How are They are Available and How are They

Used?Used?

Explain the major types of Explain the major types of pruning and cutting hand pruning and cutting hand

tools and their use.tools and their use.

Pruning ToolsPruning ToolsAnvil hand pruners are a hand held Anvil hand pruners are a hand held pruner usually six to eight inches pruner usually six to eight inches long with a sharp top blade that long with a sharp top blade that closes onto the anvil-shaped closes onto the anvil-shaped surface of the bottom blade.surface of the bottom blade.

An S blade hand pruner cuts like a An S blade hand pruner cuts like a pair of scissors with one blade pair of scissors with one blade passing by the other blade to cut the passing by the other blade to cut the wood.wood.

Pruning ToolsPruning Tools

Lopping shears (loppers) are long Lopping shears (loppers) are long handled (18 to 24 inches), heavy-handled (18 to 24 inches), heavy-duty pruners used for cutting limbs duty pruners used for cutting limbs up to 1 ½to 2inches in diameter.up to 1 ½to 2inches in diameter.– The bottom blade is curved to help The bottom blade is curved to help

hold the limb while the top cutting hold the limb while the top cutting blade cuts through the wood.blade cuts through the wood.


A pole pruner is basically a lopper A pole pruner is basically a lopper on a pole.on a pole.– The jaws are closed by pulling a rope.The jaws are closed by pulling a rope.– The pole comes in sections four to six The pole comes in sections four to six

feet long.feet long.– Branches as high as 16 feet in the air Branches as high as 16 feet in the air

can be cut while you stand on the can be cut while you stand on the ground.ground.


Hedge shears have 8 to 10 inch Hedge shears have 8 to 10 inch blades with handles to match.blades with handles to match.– The shears work like a large pair of The shears work like a large pair of

scissors with both blades being sharp. scissors with both blades being sharp. – These shears are used for pruning These shears are used for pruning

landscape hedges and shrubs with landscape hedges and shrubs with young, tender growth.young, tender growth.


Grass shears are a small version of Grass shears are a small version of the hedge shears.the hedge shears.– They are operated with one hand and They are operated with one hand and

designed to trim grass near landscape designed to trim grass near landscape beds.beds.


A bow saw is a pruning saw with four to A bow saw is a pruning saw with four to five teeth/inch made to cut on the draw five teeth/inch made to cut on the draw (pull) stroke.(pull) stroke.– It is designed to be used to cut medium-It is designed to be used to cut medium-

sized branches.sized branches.

A curved blade pruning saw has a A curved blade pruning saw has a curved blade with 4 to 5 teeth/inch that curved blade with 4 to 5 teeth/inch that cut on the draw stroke.cut on the draw stroke.– This saw is designed to prune large This saw is designed to prune large

branches.branches.

Pruning Tools/KnivesPruning Tools/Knives

Pruning knives are curved blade Pruning knives are curved blade knives with a long wooden handle.knives with a long wooden handle.– They are used for removal of They are used for removal of

undesired stems and small branches.undesired stems and small branches.

Pruning Tools/KnivesPruning Tools/Knives

Grafting knives are 3 to 4 inches Grafting knives are 3 to 4 inches long with smooth, sharp edges long with smooth, sharp edges designed for accurate cutting.designed for accurate cutting.– The accurate cutting is important to The accurate cutting is important to

achieve a proper match of the graft achieve a proper match of the graft shoot with the rootstock.shoot with the rootstock.

Pruning Tools/Knives Cont.Pruning Tools/Knives Cont.

The pecan budding knife is a The pecan budding knife is a specially designed knife with two specially designed knife with two parallel blades set about one inch parallel blades set about one inch apart.apart.– This design allows for the precise This design allows for the precise

removal of the bud shield from one removal of the bud shield from one tree and the bark of the other tree.tree and the bark of the other tree.

– Budding is simplified with the use of Budding is simplified with the use of this knife.this knife.

Pruning Tools/Knives Cont.Pruning Tools/Knives Cont.

A patch budding knife is a specially A patch budding knife is a specially designed cutter for the removal of a designed cutter for the removal of a ½ by1-inch rectangular patch bud ½ by1-inch rectangular patch bud from one tree and the same size from one tree and the same size patch area on another tree to be patch area on another tree to be budded.budded.

How are Miscellaneous Tools How are Miscellaneous Tools Used in Horticulture?Used in Horticulture?

Describe the types and uses of Describe the types and uses of miscellaneous hand tools in miscellaneous hand tools in horticulture.horticulture.

Spreaders and SprayersSpreaders and Sprayers

Hand crank spreaders are used for Hand crank spreaders are used for small surface areas where power small surface areas where power spreaders cannot be used.spreaders cannot be used.– The canvass hopper contains the seeds or The canvass hopper contains the seeds or

fertilizer, which is broadcast by turning the fertilizer, which is broadcast by turning the hand crank.hand crank.

Broadcast spreaders have wheel-driven Broadcast spreaders have wheel-driven gears, which turn a propeller and throw gears, which turn a propeller and throw or distribute the seeds or fertilizer to a or distribute the seeds or fertilizer to a width of 8 to 12 feet.width of 8 to 12 feet.


Drop spreaders have a tined roller in Drop spreaders have a tined roller in the hopper that is wheel-driven.the hopper that is wheel-driven.– Since the material is dropped directly Since the material is dropped directly

under the hopper, the spread width is under the hopper, the spread width is equal to the width of the hopper.equal to the width of the hopper.

Pump up sprayers are one to three Pump up sprayers are one to three gallon sprayers that use air pressure gallon sprayers that use air pressure created by hand pumping.created by hand pumping.


Backpack sprayers are similar to the Backpack sprayers are similar to the pump up sprayers except the pump up sprayers except the pressure can be built up by pumping pressure can be built up by pumping while the sprayer is on your back while the sprayer is on your back and while you are spraying.and while you are spraying.– Large areas can be sprayed faster Large areas can be sprayed faster

with this sprayer.with this sprayer.


Hand Crank Spreaderhttp://www.burke.net/cpdaniel/spreaders.htm

Broadcast Spreaderhttp://www.psbcompany.com/spreaders.htm


Drop Spreaderhttp://www.psbcompany.com/spreaders.htm

Pump Up Sprayershttp://www.jccarpet.com/janitorial/pump-up.html


Backpack Sprayerhttp://www.accuspray.com/store/backpack/JactoCD400.htm

Carts and WheelbarrowsCarts and Wheelbarrows

Lawn/utility carts and wheelbarrows Lawn/utility carts and wheelbarrows are used to move soil, soil are used to move soil, soil amendments (sand, peat, moss, amendments (sand, peat, moss, etc.), and mulch (shredded bark, etc.), and mulch (shredded bark, wood chips, landscape rock, etc.).wood chips, landscape rock, etc.).

Lawn/utility carts are flat bottom Lawn/utility carts are flat bottom carts with two wheels.carts with two wheels.


Wheelbarrows typically have one Wheelbarrows typically have one pneumatic (air filled) tire with a four pneumatic (air filled) tire with a four to six cubic feet capacity in a metal to six cubic feet capacity in a metal or plastic container.or plastic container.– Larger wheelbarrows are now Larger wheelbarrows are now

available with two wheels providing available with two wheels providing more stability for the heavier load.more stability for the heavier load.


Lawn Carthttp://www.ames.com/newproducts/lawncart.html

Wheelbarrowwww.netmarket.com:

Lawn RollerLawn Roller

Round cylinder filled with water or Round cylinder filled with water or sand that can be pulled over loose sand that can be pulled over loose soil to firm it. soil to firm it.

A common use is after seeding a A common use is after seeding a lawn. lawn.

Rollers pulled by a riding lawn Rollers pulled by a riding lawn mower are often used on an mower are often used on an established lawn in the early spring.established lawn in the early spring.

Lawn RollerLawn Roller

http://www.yardmart.com/cgi-bin/ncommerce3/ProductDisplay?prmenbr=427&prrfnbr=31086

Measuring WheelMeasuring Wheel

Allows one person to measure Allows one person to measure distances. distances.

Areas need to be measured to estimate Areas need to be measured to estimate purchases of seed, fertilizer, mulch, etc. purchases of seed, fertilizer, mulch, etc.

Some wheels measure feet and inches Some wheels measure feet and inches while others require you to multiply the while others require you to multiply the number of revolutions of the wheel times number of revolutions of the wheel times its diameter to figure the distance.its diameter to figure the distance.

Measuring WheelMeasuring Wheel

http://www.agtprint.com/s16/03/mech_wheel.html#hw40

What are the Common Hand What are the Common Hand Tools That are Useful in Tools That are Useful in

Horticulture?Horticulture?

Discuss common hand Discuss common hand tools used in horticulture.tools used in horticulture.

Common ToolsCommon ToolsCommon shop hand tools are useful in Common shop hand tools are useful in horticulture.horticulture.Have on hand hammers, wood chisels, Have on hand hammers, wood chisels, cold chisels, files, pliers (diagonal side cold chisels, files, pliers (diagonal side cutting pliers, needle nose pliers, and cutting pliers, needle nose pliers, and combination pliers), standard combination pliers), standard screwdrivers, Phillips screwdrivers, screwdrivers, Phillips screwdrivers, adjustable wrenches, vise grips, channel adjustable wrenches, vise grips, channel locks, and a tape measures.locks, and a tape measures.These tools may be used to help with These tools may be used to help with tool maintenance and repairs.tool maintenance and repairs.

Common ToolsCommon Tools

How Should Hand Tools be Maintained How Should Hand Tools be Maintained to Extend Their Life and Maximizeto Extend Their Life and Maximize

Their Effectiveness?Their Effectiveness?

Explain how to maintain Explain how to maintain hand tools.hand tools.

Maintaining Hand ToolsMaintaining Hand ToolsClean any soil or other debris from Clean any soil or other debris from tools.tools.Check tool for dull or bent blades.Check tool for dull or bent blades.Straighten bent blades in a shop Straighten bent blades in a shop vise.vise.Use steel wool or a wire brush to Use steel wool or a wire brush to remove rust.remove rust.Use a flat file to sharpen the cutting Use a flat file to sharpen the cutting edge.edge.

Maintaining Hand ToolsMaintaining Hand Tools

Inspect the handle for cracks and Inspect the handle for cracks and breaks.breaks.

If the handle passes inspection, use a If the handle passes inspection, use a shop rag to rub linseed oil into the wood.shop rag to rub linseed oil into the wood.

Replace a damaged handle or replace Replace a damaged handle or replace the tool.the tool.

Store the tools inside.Store the tools inside.

Organize your tools so you know where Organize your tools so you know where to find them.to find them.

ReviewReviewWhat digging and grading hand tools are What digging and grading hand tools are available and how are they used?available and how are they used?What pruning and cutting tools are What pruning and cutting tools are available and how are they used?available and how are they used?How are miscellaneous tools used in How are miscellaneous tools used in horticulture?horticulture?What are the common hand tools that What are the common hand tools that are useful in horticulture?are useful in horticulture?How should hand tools be maintained to How should hand tools be maintained to extend their life and maximize their extend their life and maximize their effectiveness?effectiveness?

horticulture cd unit c 6-1: nursery, landscaping, and gardening

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