household water supply technologies for increasing access ...€¦ · 6th thinternational rural...

6th International Rural Water Supply Network Forum : Kampala, Uganda : 29th Nov-1st Dec 2011

Household Water Supply Technologies for

Increasing Access to Domestic Water

Supplies in Rural Bolivia

Michael F. MacCarthy Doctoral Student [email protected] James W. Buckingham Doctoral Student James R. Mihelcic, PhD Professor [email protected]

University of South Florida Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering Tampa, Florida, USA

mailto:[email protected]



Overview

1. Bolivian Context

2. Household Technologies Assessed

a. EMAS Pumps

b. Manually Drilled Wells

c. Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS)

3. Research Methodology

4. Preliminary Results

5. Conclusions, Recommendations for

Future Study


Bolivia - Population est.: 10 million

- 108th out of 187 countries (HDI), 2011 Human Development Report

Rural Water Supply

- 67% est. have access to improved drinking water source [42% in 1990)

(JMP, 2010)

- SENASBA – national agency responsible for rural water and sanitation

- Significant history of low-cost water supply technologies (hand augering, EMAS,

Baptist drilling, Rope Pumps, etc.)


EMAS Pump


Percussion-Jetting Drilling


RWHS


Research Methodology

• Regions: La Paz, Santa

Cruz, Beni

• Participation in month-long

training (March-April 2011)

Field data collection (June 2011)

• Household Visits

– Survey (WASH)

– Inspection/Observation

• Semi-structured interviews

– Technicians

– WASH actors


Data Collection

Department Sites

No. of household visits (including

survey and water infrastructure

inspection)

No. of semi-

structured

interviews

Santa Cruz

Santa Cruz (city),

Izozog, Gutierrez,

San Julian

36 3

Beni Trinidad, Somopai,

Reyes 35 6

La Paz

La Paz (city),

Cachilaya, Pampa

Chililaya, Huarina,

Taquina

15 6

TOTAL 86 15


Results EMAS Pumps

- nearly all were operational (78 out of 79)

- 85% of operational pumps functioning normally (66 / 78)

*including 72% (13 out of 18) that were installed 10+ years ago

- for pumps not functioning normally, issues were:

- significant leaking in headworks

- below ground issues, e.g. leaking from pipes or valves (not direction

observed

- most common repair was pump valve replacement

- new pump valve typically cost US$9 (mat‟ls + labour)

- new complete pump, US$30-45 (not including well, drilling)


Results Drilling

- in research areas of Santa Cruz + Beni departments, EMAS manual

drilling techniques are used widely by small businesses

- a few „2nd generation‟ drilling teams were encountered

RWHS

- popular in Cachilaya, but not in other areas of Bolivia

- users appreciated systems, which were generally well maintained

General

- various levels of subsidies encountered, including some household

systems that received no subsidies at all

- a small number of surveyed families (7%) reported receiving loans to

pay for their systems


Preliminary Conclusions

• EMAS manual water pumps and drilled wells are

sustainable household water supply option, and have had

a significant impact on improving access to water supply at

the household level in the studied rural areas of Bolivia

• low maintenance costs

• Given willingness to pay for systems, microfinance

possibilities should be explored

• RWHS shows potential, needs more extensive promotion


Recommendations for Further Study

• How to effectively scale-up the implementation of

low-cost EMAS household water supply

technologies within Bolivia (planned)

• Comparative Analysis of EMAS Pump with other

low-cost pumps (planned)

• Evaluation of new project in Cachilaya (near

EMAS centre) building RWHS


Acknowledgments

• Support from the State of Florida 21st Century World Class Scholar Program

• Support from the National Science Foundation (USA)*

• EMAS-Bolivia - Wolfgang Eloy Buchner

• SENASBA-Bolivia - Ing. Lorena Ferreyra Villalpando

• Study Participants

*This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the “Sustainable Water

Management Research Experience in Bolivia: Influence of a Dynamic World on Technological and Societal

Solutions” program (Grant No. OISE-0966410) and the “Graduate Scholarships to Achieve Sustainable

Infrastructure at the Water-Energy-Global Nexus” program (Grant No. OISE-0965743). Any opinions,

findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not

necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.


Contacts

Related to the presented research:

Michael F. MacCarthy

Doctoral Student and Graduate Research Associate

University of South Florida, Tampa

[email protected]

Specific to EMAS technologies:

Wolfgang Eloy Buchner

EMAS, Bolivia

[email protected]

EMAS training videos on-line:

vimeo.com/channel/emas






Bolivian Government (2009) Constitución Política del Estado, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia.

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https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html

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