houses & materials. basic elements in architecture

23

Upload: monsa-publications

Post on 11-Mar-2016

234 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

DESCRIPTION

ISBN 978-84-15829-32-4 / Layout: 22 X 24 cm / Pages: 112 / Cover: Softcover / Construction materials are those products which are incorporated permanently to the building works and civil engineering, both materials that do not need any processing,-stone and wood- as well as materials that require complex industrial processes for manu-facturing -glass, concrete and metal-. All materials must meet technical specifications to be accepted in the construction. It's mandatory to be aware of them and their characteristics to know which to use in each construction: Strength, stability, durability, safety in case of fire, cleanliness, health, safety of use, noise protection, energy saving and thermal insulation. It's mandatory to be aware of them and their characteristics to know which to use in each construction, meaning by characteristics the response that the material suffers by external stimuli.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 2: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 3: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

29

RURAL DES IGNLOCATION / LOCALIZACIÓN: CARBOST, ISLE OF SKYE, SCOTLAND

PHOTOS © ALAN DICKSON

WWW.RURALDESIGN.CO.UK

15 Fiscavaig

ESTA CASA DE MADERA LOGRA INTEGRARSE TOTALMENTE EN EL PAISAJE

ATLANTICO DE LA ISLA DE SKYE.

Esta pequeña casa de vacaciones, situada en el pueblo de Fiscavaig, en el lado

oeste de la Isla de Skye, evita a propósito los elementos convencionales debido

a las características inusuales del emplazamiento. Efectivamente, cuando se

visita el sitio por primera vez es difícil imaginar que una propuesta que

pretende alterar un paisaje que no se presta a la intervención pueda salir airosa.

La decisión de elevar el edificio del suelo con un pequeño pilón permitía alejar

el diseño de lo convencional y asociarlo al contexto más amplio: las vistas al

norte y el sol del sur. La forma de la casa se hace más estrecha hacia el norte

deliberadamente, reduciendo su superficie, y queda expuesta a las inclemen-

cias del tiempo. El puente de entrada te eleva por encima del paisaje e inme-

diatamente después de entrar en él te conecta con las vistas a través de la

elevación totalmente vidriada hacia el norte. Las otras ventanas son secunda-

rias y traen luz al volumen de dos pisos. La construcción simple de madera

refuerza el carácter de la casa como visitante del paisaje antiguo.

THIS LITTLE WOODEN HOUSE ACHIEVE FULLY INTEGRATION IN THE ATLANTIC

LANDSCAPE OF THE ISLE OF SKYE.

This small holiday house, located in the township of Fiscavaig on the western

side of the Isle of Skye, deliberately eschews convention due to its unusual

site. Indeed on first visiting the site it was difficult to see how any proposal

could succeed if it disrupted a landscape that did not lend itself to intervention.

The decision to lift the building off the ground on small piloti released the

design from convention and allowed it to relate to the wider context -

the views to the north and the sun from the south. The form of the house de-

liberately narrows to the north, reducing its surface area, and leans into the

weather. The entrance bridge lifts one off the landscape and immediately upon

entering one is connected with the view through the fully-glazed elevation to

the north. The other windows are secondary and draw light into the two storey

volume. Simple timber construction reinforces the character of the house as a

visitor in the ancient landscape.

Page 4: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

South elevation

Alzado sur

North elevation

Alzado norte

Page 5: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

15 FISCAVAIG | RURAL DESIGN 33

East elevation

Alzado este

West elevation

Alzado oeste

Page 6: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

Artwork sketch

Desplegable

Models south and east

Maquetas sur y este

Page 7: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

15 FISCAVAIG | RURAL DESIGN 37

1. Roof construction

Timber frame unventilated roofconstruction to engineer's specificationincorporating rockwool insulationbetween rafters and purlins.Profile 3 eternit fibre cement roofsheeting on breather membrane on sark-ing boards on 75x63 mm purlins @900mm max centres (see draeing5727/03A) on rafters with 13mm osbinternal sheating on flitch beams to engi-neer's specification

2. Wall construction

Timber frame wall construction to engineer's specificationincorporating 200mm rockwool insula-tion to achieve minimum U-value of 0.16W/m2K.External walls to main body ofhouse to be timber frame as abovewith untreated native-grown larchcomprising inner layer 75x25mmsawn boards and outer layer 150x25mmsawn boards on 50x50mm counterbat-tens on sheathing ply.Cavities to be provided with cavitybarriers at all corners, openingsand the head of all walls.

3. Substructure

200mm Celotex XR3000 or e+ainsulation and non-permeable membrabe strip laid on.152x152x23 UC on alkali resistantmastic bolted to 350mm in-situreinforced concrete pillarson 800x800x225 concrete footingas per engineer's specification

1. Detalle constructivo Cubierta

Estructura de marcos de madera, cubiertano ventilada según especificaciones delingeniero,incorporando aislamiento de lana de rocaentre vigas y travesaños.Cobertura de cubierta con 3 láminas defibra de cemento eternit sobre la mem-brana de respiro, en los paneles de apoyoy travesaños de 75x63 mm. (centradosmáximo cada 900 mm.) en vigas con 13mm internos de OSB en las vigas, segúnla especificación del ingeniero.

2. Detalle constructivo Fachada

Estructura de marcos de madera, segúnespecificaciones del ingeniero, incorpo-rando aislamiento de lana de roca de 200mm. para conseguir un valor mínimo de Ude 0.16W/m2K.Los muros externos al cuerpo principal dela vivienda son marcos de madera (ver de-talle) con una capa interior de 75x25 mm.de madera de alerce cultivado al natural,sin tratar y bordos serrados; y una capaexterna de 150x25 mm. de bordos serra-dos en contralistones de 50x50 mmcomo revestimiento.Cavidades para ser proveídas de barrerasde huecos en todas las esquinas, aper-turas y la cabeza de todos los muros.

3. Subestructura

Capa de 200 mm, de Celotex XR3000 oun aislamiento en tira con membrana im-permeable.Perfil UC 152x152x23 sobre masilla resis-tente al álcali echada sobre pilares dehormigón armado de 350 mm. reforzadosin situ sobre losa de hormigón de800x800x225 según la especificación delingeniero.

Constructive details of roof, wall and substructure.

Detalles constructivos de la cubierta, los muros y la subestructura.

Page 8: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 9: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

47

KWKPROMES

LOCATION / LOCALIZACIÓN: OPOLE, POLAND

PHOTOS © JULIUSZ SOKOLOWSKI / ALEKSANDER RUTKOWSKI

WWW.KWKPROMES.PL

Aatrial house

AATRIAL HOUSE SE SITÚA JUNTO A OPOLE, EN POLONIA, CERCA DEL RÍO

ODER; UNA ZONA DE BAJA DENSIDAD URBANÍSTICA DONDE LA MAYORÍA DE

EDIFICIOS SON LOS TÍPICOS “CUBOS” DE LOS AÑOS 70.

La parcela de una hectárea cercana al bosque solamente tiene un punto débil:

el acceso desde el suroeste. Un conflicto obvio se desarrolla entre la calzada y

el jardín y desemboca en la idea de rebajar la calle de acceso a fin de separarla

de la zona ajardinada. Este gesto apuntó otra imagen: la de una calzada que

conduce hacia el nivel de planta baja, bajo el edificio, y que se hace posible gra-

cias a la creación de un atrio interior con la calzada dentro. Como resultado de

estos movimientos, obtenemos un edificio que se abre junto a sus terrazas en

todas las direcciones sin ninguna restricción, siendo el único modo de acceder

al jardín a través del atrio.

Se trata de rizar el rizo con el esquema del atrio: se obtiene un nuevo modelo

espacial de casa que funciona al revés de un atrio clásico, la Aatrial House está

cerrada al interior y abierta a sus alrededores.

La entrada se sitúa en el punto más alto de la parcela, que se inclina hacia el

lado este. La calzada de 10 metros de ancho sigue la pendiente hasta llegar al

nivel inferior mientras el jardín es en parte elevado por encima de este nivel.

AATRIAL HOUSE IS LOCATED NEAR OPOLE, IN POLAND, NEXT TO THE RIVER

ODER; A LOW-DENSITY URBAN DEVELOPMENT WHERE MOST BUILDINGS ARE

“CUBE” STYLE ONES TYPICAL OF THE 70'S.

The one-hectare plot near the forest has only one weakness: the southwestern

access. A conflict obviously arose between road and garden and was resolved

by the idea of lowering the street access to the point of separating it from the

garden area. This gesture led to another image: that of the pavement leading

towards the ground floor level under the building, which was made possible

thanks to the creation of an atrium in the interior where the pavement comes

straight inside. As a result of these maneuvers, we have a building which opens

up to terraces in all directions without a single restriction, where the only way

to reach the garden is through the atrium.

The atrium idea was an attempt to loop-the-loop: the result was a new spatial

model, one that works in the opposite way than the classic atrium. The Aatrial

House is closed off from the interior and open to the surroundings.

The entrance is located at the highest point of the parcel, which slopes towards

the east. The 10-meter-wide pavement follows the slope until reaching the

lower level, while the garden partly rises above this level.

Page 10: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

Axonometry

Axonometría

Garden

Jardín

Driveway

Calle de acceso

Main structure of the building -result of transformation of a cube-.

Concrete has been ascribed to it.

Estructura principal del edificio -resultado de la transformación de

un cubo-. Material asignado: Hormigón

Elements constituting an integral part of the structure, performing

functions of fixed equipment. Wood has been ascribed to them.

Elementos que constituyen parte integrante de la estructura

realizando diversas funciones. Material asignado: Madera

Page 11: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

AATRIAL HOUSE | KWKPROMES 49

Page 12: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 13: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

87

YASUH IRO YAMASH I TA / ATEL I ER TEKUTOLOCATION / LOCALIZACIÓN: BUNKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN

PHOTOS © MAKOTO YOSHIDA

WWW.TEKUTO.COM

Crystal Brick

LOCALIZADA EN EL TRANQUILO BARRIO DE BUNKYO, EN TOKYO, CRYSTAL

BRICK ES UNA AMPLIACIÓN DE UNA ANTIGUA CASA DE MADERA

CONSISTENTE EN TRES PLANTAS MONTADAS SOBRE UNA ESTRUCTURA

METÁLICA.

El cliente, aficionado a coleccionar minerales, demandaba una residencia de

tres capas: en planta baja el espacio vital de los padres en diálogo con la vieja

casa de madera, una primera planta de interrelación y una segunda planta para

la joven pareja. Era importante obtener un espacio central soleado y brillante

como un mineral y se ejecutó la idea contando con la colaboración de un in-

geniero estructural, el fabricante, el constructor y un laboratorio de la Univer-

sidad que experimentó con la estructura de bloque de cristal.Uno de los

principales conceptos arquitectónicos en la obra de Yasuhiro Yamashita se basa

en la idea de la “albañilería” tratada como elemento no jerárquico que rela-

ciona individualidad y totalidad en base al amontonamiento de objetos repe-

tidos en el global del sistema estructural, una actuación que genera una

diversidad compositiva mediante el trabajo en “capas arquitectónicas”.

LOCATED IN THE QUIET NEIGHBORHOOD OF BUNKYO, IN TOKYO, THE CRYSTAL

BRICK IS AN EXTENSION OF AN OLD WOODEN HOUSE CONSISTING OF THREE

FLOORS MOUNTED OVER A METAL STRUCTURE.

The client, a recreational mineral collector, requested a house built in three

layers: the ground floor to be the parental living quarters which would dia-

logue with the old wooden house, a middle floor acting in an interrelationship

role, and the top floor for the young couple. It was essential to create a sunlit

central space that would shine like a mineral, and this idea was carried out

thanks to the collaboration of a structural engineer, the manufacturer, the

builder and a university laboratory experimenting with the structure crystal

blocks.

One of the principle architectonic concepts found in this work by Yasuhiro

Yamashita is based on the idea of “masonry” treated as a non-hierarchical el-

ement in order for individuality to relate to the whole. his was done by piling

repeated objects in the overall structural system, a result generating a

composite diversity through “architectonic layers”.

Page 14: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

South elevation

Alzado sur

West elevation

Alzado este

East elevation

Alzado este

Page 15: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

CRYSTAL BRICK | YASUHIRO YAMASHITA / ATELIER TEKUTO 89

Page 16: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

First floor

Primera planta

Second floor

Segunda planta

Third floor

Tercera planta

Page 17: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

CRYSTAL BRICK | YASUHIRO YAMASHITA / ATELIER TEKUTO 91

Section

Sección

Page 18: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 19: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

95

SEBAST I ÁN I RARRÁZABALLOCATION / LOCALIZACIÓN: LA RESERVA, COLINA, CHILE

PHOTOS © CARLOS EGUIGUREN

IRARRAZAVAL.BLOGSPOT.COM.ES

Reserva Residence

LA RESERVA ES UNA VIVIENDA CONCEBIDA CON EL PROPÓSITO DE PODER

SER REPETIDA, POR LO QUE SU ASPECTO DE CASA PREFABRICADA ES MÁS

UN PUNTO DE ARRANQUE QUE UN OBJETIVO DEFINITORIO.

Ideada con la imagen de los contenedores en mente, Sebastián Irarrázabal

concibe una residencia destinada a la venta y con el objetivo de poder ser de-

positada en un lugar sin predeterminar; una vivienda low-cost que se percibe

desde su forma de habitar y no tanto desde la calidad de los materiales. Aun

así, la combinación de hormigón, acero corten, y madera dota al conjunto de

un impresionante aire contemporáneo, aumentando a su vez la sensación de

edificio industrial mediante la colocación en fachada de numerosas planchas

de acero oxidado. Se trata de un valiente uso de los materiales, un reconoci-

miento a la inherente improbabilidad e inevitabilidad de las condiciones cli-

máticas como continuación del proceso constructivo del edificio más que de

una forma de enfrentarse a ellas; como una introducción de un ensayo de

Mostafavi y Leatherbarrow.

LA RESERVA IS A DWELLING WHOSE VERY CONCEPTION RESTED IN AN AIM

TO BE REPEATED, WHERE ITS APPEARANCE AS A PREFABRICATED HOUSE

MAY BE SEEN MORE AS STARTING POINT THAN A DEFINITE OBJECTIVE.

With an idea of a container in mind, Sebastián Irarrázabal designed a dwelling

intended for sale where the objective was to be able set it down in any to-be-

determined spot; a “low-cost” dwelling perceived as such from the way of

inhabiting it, rather than the quality of its materials. Nevertheless, the combi-

nation of concrete, cor-ten steel and wood lends the structure an impressive,

contemporary air, reinforcing the sense of an industrial building by using sev-

eral sheets of rusted steel installed on the facade. This valiant use of materials

recognizes the inherent improbability and inevitability of climate conditions

in the continuation of the building construction process, instead of trying to

confront such adverse conditions: it is rather like an introduction to an essay

by Mostafavi and Leatherbarrow.

Page 20: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

Axonometric section

Sección axonométrica

Axonometric projection

Proyección axonométrica

Page 21: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

RESERVA RESIDENCE | SEBASTIÁN IRARRÁZABAL 97

A view from the deck.

Vista frontal desde la terraza.

Page 22: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture
Page 23: HOUSES & MATERIALS. Basic Elements in Architecture

RESERVA RESIDENCE | SEBASTIÁN IRARRÁZABAL 99

The building features a cross-shaped floor plan whose intention lies in em-

bracing the nearby landscape and establishing crisscross sightlines from the

shared common areas set within a 4-meter-high cube on the second floor.

This accentuated volume has been covered in cor-ten steel panels that trace

a sort of double facade which accumulates heat and consequently increases

the ventilation of the intermediate spaces, thus cooling the interior of the wall.

El edificio presenta un esquema en planta en forma de cruz con la intención

de abrazar el paisaje cercano y establecer visuales cruzadas desde las zonas

de uso compartido, situadas en un cubo de cuatro metros de altura en la

segunda planta. Este acentuado volumen se enseña recubierto de paneles de

acero corten que configuran una suerte de doble fachada que acumula el calor

y, por consiguiente, incrementa la ventilación en los espacios intermedios

refrescando a su vez la parte interior del muro.