February 1981

BULLETIN

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Number 6

HOS M U A R Y CALENDAR Fobruary 9.1981 (Dinner h d n g , Joint wtLh HAPL) M.niottWwt Loop (-on: tB1.u Palaw; Dimor: Gmnd Promemedo)

E. J. Medley Mobil Producing Texas & N.w Mexico Inc., Houston "Statfjord Field (Nomegian North Sea)-from Concept~on to Production" Social P e r i M : 3 0 PM, Dinner end Meeting-6.30 PM Advance Ticket &l.o -8om Notice Inmido (No tkkets mold dtmr noon Frld.y, Fob- 6.)

Fdmmry 19-20,1981 (Continuing Education) E u e n BuiMSnq Auditoriun

Rex Pilger Louisiana State University 'The Origin of the Gulf of Mexico and the Early Opening of the Central North Atlantic Ocean: A Sympoeium"

February 21 -23,1981 (Corrtinuing Education) George Viele University of Missouri Owchita Mountains Field Trip

Febnmry 26,1981 (Luncheon heting) Howton Oaks Hotel

W. H. Roberts Ill Gulf Research and Development Co., Houston "Common Factors Among Atypical Fields" Sociel P e r i b 1 1 . 3 0 AM, Luncheon end Meeting- 12 Noon Reservations (tmlophono ody, 771 -831 1) must be made or cancelled by noon Monday, February 23, 1981.

R.cident Fint V i w President Saeond V i Pretient -v Tnrrurer Exmcutiw Committeeman Errcutha @mmitteemn h u t i v e Cammitteeman Ewrcutb Cmmitteeman h.t M i n t

Publicrtions Plrblhtion Sales PIlMic R.ktions Remembrances R m r c h Study Course Technical Program Tmnsportation

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 6916 ASHCROFT

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77081 771 -831 5

EXECUTIVE BOARD

Cheotor A. Mrd, Dow Chemical USA 978-3810 William F. Biahop, Tenneco Oil Company 757-3443

Peggy J. R k , Conoco Inc. 965-2923 m e w W. DWM, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. 871 -8000

Gerald A. Cooley, Phillips Petroleum Cornpany 689-3650 Robert W. Bybee, Exxon Company USA 656-6434

Wendell L. Lewis, Independent Geologist 659-2476 Jmms A. Ragdale, Blocker Exploration Company 977-2030

Tommy M. Thompson. Highland Resources Inc. 223-4901 J d h r y V. Mode, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. 871 -2502

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Louise Durhem, Consultant 497-8790 Fred Baker, Great Western Drilling Company 961 -41 62 Jerry A. Watron. W. L. Tidwell & Associates 977-8625

Don P. Keith, Arco Oil & Gas Company 965-6165 Jewy S k . Shannon Oil & Gas Company 939-9600

-goy K. Burns, Cities Service Compony 850-6193 Kenneth D. Webb, Tranoco Exploration Company 871 -8000

Robort S. Hawill, Exxon Company USA 680-5462 Thomas Wsammn. Woodward-Clyde Engineering Consultants 688-91 1 1

Evdyn M. Etter. Southland Royalty Company 629-8390 Jim McMurrmy, Transco Exploration Company 871 -8000 m u r R. Tmll, Franks Petroleum Compony 464-8552

Andrew W. Hsmpf. Davis Brothers 224-8224 Robert J. Mma, First City National Bank 658-6654

0. Lyle Auatin 681 -21 94 Ewlyn Wilk Moody, Consultant 654-0072

John H. Hefmr, Exxon Compenv USA 965-7427 J.Chy V. Morrk. Tranacontinempl Gar Pipe Line Corp. 871 -2SO2

R i i r d lkLeed. Gulf Oil Exploration & Production Company 764-1 247 Williem F. M o p . Tenneco Oil Company 757-3443

David Levin, Gulf Oil Exploration & Production Cornpany 754-791 5 Alicia Majkowdri, Longhorn Oil and Gas Company 777-0777

Walter A. Boyd, Jr., Columbia Gas Development Corp. 626-8090 Phillip T. Fowkr, Texas Gulf Oil & Gas Corp. 658-981 1

Peggy J. Rice, Conoco Inc. 965-2923 David M. Eggleaton. Geomap Peppard-Sohr 972-1018

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES

M s g r , Mweum of Natural Science Horg.n J. Davis, Jr.. Pennzoil Producing Company 236-7505 JMoy V. Morris, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. 871 -2502

Ch-r A. bird, Dow Chemical USA 978-3810 Morton M. "Ouie" Oabme, Trunkline Gas Company 523-1 181

John Bremtkller, Insurance Consultant 668-0610 Robert J. Schrock 497-441 1

GCAGS b p r e w n a t i w GCAGS Attarnate AAPG Delegate Chairman AAPG Group Insurance Msrnorial Scholarship Board

President P W n t - E l e c t First Vice-president Second Vice-President Third Vice-president Secretary Truasurer Historian

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL AUXILIARY OFFICERS

Mrs. Andrew (Norman Jean) Becho 4B4-9247 Mrs. Claude (Nancy) R u r t 467-1693

Mrs. John (Pat) Hafner 468-9495 Mrs. Mack (Jo Am) Milner 782-1 352

Mrs. Jim (Margery) Ambnne 497-341 3 Mrs. David (Qlady) Sheridan 492-8638 Mrs. Ben (June) Bwngiomo 494-1 701

Mrs. Russell (Mary Lou) Soward 789-7596

SOCIETY CALENDAR FOR MARCH

Have you ever had a time when you have thought and thought and thought and nary a comment would appear? One worth taking up space with. . .while Greg Burns is screaming for more space for items he and his staff feel need imparting to the membership?

At this just-past-the-halfway-mark of the current administrative year, the Executive Board is on top of the in- come and out-go of cash and wil l be studying various problems and answers to those problems (for presentation to the membership) that wil l face the Society in the next few years. The Entertainment Committee has already forgotten the trauma of putting on the Shrimp Peel and has begun working on the Spring events. The initial response to the Arkansasand Utah field trips is good, and the geology faculties of the area universities are trying to determine who their outstanding student is. The Continuing Education Committee has a fine program slated for the remainder of the year; and the Library Committee, with help from the Auxiliary, continues to work at the Main Library. Peggy Rice hasa finegroupof speakers lined up. Lots of reasons to be a member and to participate.

If you want to help - give a yell; and why don't you ask your professional peers if they are members?

Chet Baird President

HGS SOLlTARlO FIELD TRIP

The field trip went generally well and our misfortunes were minor (no sour cream for the beef stroganoff - running out of gas on the way home). The rain held off and the sun managed to shine a little. The geology was spectacular, interesting, intriguing, even confusing, so our wits were challenged several times a day. We did hike a goodly amount, up and down as well as laterally, but that wasthe point of the trip, after all, since one sometimes feels that the art of doing field work on foot is a vanishing one. Our leader, Dr. Dwight Deal, did a great job of organizing and leading the field portion of our trip, pointing out the many biological, zoological, and social facets of the country we hiked through as well as the geology. All of our vehicles performed like they were supposed to, particularly the venerable school bus as it ground it's way into and out of Fresno Canyon. The scenery, waterfalls, ledges, cliff faces, and all, were magnificent. I extend hearty thanks to the people who helped me make this field trip.

Phil Salvador

PROFESSIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS

Ed R. Killian has joined Sandefer Oil & Gas, Inc. asvice President-General Manager. His prime responsibility wil l be to coordinate both the Operations and Explorations Department. Michael A. Barnes, who has been with Sandefer for five years as Exploration Manager, has been promoted to Vice President-Exploration.

Kenneth I. Reiss, formerly with Amax Petroleum Corporation, Houston & Denver, has joined Croftwood Exploration Company. Reiss received his BS and MA degrees in Geology from Indiana University.

Peter R. Rose has moved from Chief Geologist, Energy Reserve Group, Houston to independent consulting geologist, Telegraph Exploration, Telegraph, Texas (91 5) 446-31 52.

March 9, 1981 Location to be announced

March 19-20, 1981 Exxon Auditorium March 25, 1981 Marriott West Loop

HGS Evening Meeting (joint with GSH) Ray Holifield Ray Holifield & Associates, Dallas "Austin Chalk Exploration" HGS Continuing Education "Atlantic Symposium" HGS Luncheon Meeting Vincent Matthews Ill Amoco Production Co.-Western Division, Denver "Overthrust Belt"

GEOLOGIST FOR HIRE!

Your Houston Geological Society Placement Committee has resume's available on numerous geologists seeking employment. Most are recent graduates with great potential waiting to be developed; others have varying amounts of experience as a geologist or in closely allied fields such as well logging. Give us a try. You may find just what you are looking for and save yourself the placement agency fee as lagniappe. Contact Dick McLeod at 754-1 247.

CALL FOR PAPERS GCAGS Convention-Corpus Christi, Texas October 21 -23,1981

You are invited to participate in the 1981 GCAGS Convention in Corpus Christi by submitting a paper for presentation. For the broadest possible appeal, the convention wil l have no theme; thus any paper wil l be cheerfully considered. Papers wil l be presented orally at the convention and published in the Transactions. Abstract deadline is February 15,1981 and manuscript deadline is April 15,1981. If you are seriously considering submitting a paper, please contact:

Program Committee Co-Chairmen Robert D. Valerius

Fred M. Thompson, Jr. P. 0. Box 181 6

Corpus Christi, Texas 78403 (51 2) 884-0931

PRICE SCHEDULE-HGS MEETINGS

Marriott West Loop Dinner ..................................... $20.00

Youston Oaks Hotel Luncheon .................................. $1 2.50

RESERVATIONS (771 -831 5) NOTICE: Advance tickets are required for the February 9 evening meeting. Tickets for this joint meeting with the Houston Association of Petroleum Landmen are $20.00. Deadline for purchasing tickets is noon Friday, February 6. Please make reservations for the Wednesday noon meeting by noon Monday, February 23.

You may purchase tickets at the January 28 HGS meeting or by sending your order with a check and a stamped, self- addressed envelope to:

Houston Geological Society 691 6 Ashcroft

Houston, TX 77081

Houston Geologist Societv Bulletin. February 1981 1

EVENING MEETING-FEBRUARY 9, 1981E. J. MEDLEY-Biographical Sketch

E. J. Medley is Presi-dent and General Managerof Mobil Producing Texas &New Mexico Inc. in Hous-ton. He was graduated withHigh Honors from SouthernMethodist University, re-ceiving a degree in elec-trical engineering in 1951.

Mr. Medley began hiscareer with Mobil (thenMagnolia Petroleum Com-pany) while he was a stu-dent. From 1952 to 1954he worked as a seismolo-gist, and from 1954 to 1956he was a seismic partychief. He worked as a

geophysicist from 1956 to 1959 (Division Geophysicist in NewMexico 1958-59). From 1959 to 1963 he was DistrictExploration Superintendent for Mobil Oil Company inShreveport, and from 1965 to 1966 he held the same positionin Calgary. He has worked as Planning Manager in both NewYork and Calgary and was General Manager, MobilExploration Norway Inc., in Stavanger, from 1973 until he waspromoted to his present position.

STATFJORD FIELD (NORWEGIAN NORTH SEA}-FROM CONCEPTION TO PRODUCTION (Abstract)

Statfjord Field, located on the international boundarybetween Norway and the United Kingdom, has more than 3billion bbl of recoverable oil and 3 trillion cu ft of associatednatural gas. It is the largestfield discovered todate in the NorthSea. Mobil is the operator for a consortium of companiesincluding two State and nine private oil companies.

The water depth is near 500 ft and so-called :'100-yearstorms" with sustained winds.of 105 knots and 100-ft seasseem to occur at least 'once a year, creating very difficultoperating conditions.

The field is being developed with three large, gravity-base,concrete platforms capable of combined production of600,000 to 700,000 bbl of oil per day plus 700 million cu ft ofnatural gas. The platforms will also provide for water injectionplus gas injection initially until a sales outlet for the gas isdeveloped.

The Statfjord "A" platform, with daily production of300,000 bbl per day, is the largest offshore producing facilityin the world.

Oil transportation is accomplished through large,articulating loading platforms located near the productionplatforms.

HGS FIELD TRIPS

OUACHITA MOUNTAIN AND ARKANSAS VALLEYFebruary 20 through February 24, 1981Coordinator: Jerry Moore, Dow Chemical (713) 978-3800CENTRAL UTAH - COLORADO RIVERApril 24 through May 2, 1981Coordinator: Kim Pilkington, Arco Oil & Gas (713) 965-6421

DETAILSOF BOTHTRIPS CAN BE FOUND INTHE DECEMBERAND JANUARY BULLETINS.

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 19B1

NOON MEETING-FEBRUARV 25,1981

W. H. (BILL) ROBERTS III-Biographical Sket~h

W. H. (Bill) Roberts wasborn in Moorestown, NewJersey. He attended Am-herst College, WyomingUniversity, and finally theColorado School of Mines,where he received a degreein geological engineeringunder F. M. Van Tuyl andcompleted extra work ingeophysics under CarlHeiland.

During World War II hecontrolled air traffic for theFAA and served as anengineer in the Maritime

Service. For the next 12 years Bill worked up and down theRocky Mountains from Albuquerque to Edmonton for Union ofCalifornia, National Petroleum Corp. Ltd., and Gulf Oil. He hasspent 27 years with Gulf, including 8 years at the researchcenter in Pittsburgh. He has been in Houston for 13 years withthe Houston Technical Services Center of Gulf Research andDevelopment Company.

With Gulfs blessing, Bill has been devoting some time toAAPGcommittee work. Heorganized the Short Course and theResearch Symposium on "Problems of Petroleum Migration"for ,the annual meeting in Oklahoma City in April 1978. In thatsymposium he presented one of the key papers: "The Designand Function of Oil and Gas Traps." That paper, whichintroduced a number of new concepts in support of theanticlinal theory, was later presented to several localgeological societies including the HGS, where it won theannual best-paper award for 1977-78. For the 1979 AAPGmeeting in Houston, he was chairman of the AAPGTechnicalProgram Committee.

In September 1979, Bill gave a paper on "The Use ofTemperature in Petroleum Exploration" at Symposium II,Unconventional Methods of Exploration for Petroleum andNatural Gas, held in Dallas.

COMMON FACTORS AMONG ATYPICALFIELDS (Abstract)

Certain factors are functionally relevant to the occurrenceof typical as well as atypical oil and gas fields. Consideration ofsuch factors leads us to regard the distinction between typicaland atypical fields as a matter of degree. For purposes ofdiscussion, however, attention is focused on the more clearlyatypical fields.

In a study of the workings of oil and gas fields, it is quitepossible to reach the right conclusions for the wrong reasons.In other words, we may observe an apparent relationshipbetween the presence of oil or gas and certain geological 'orgeochemical factors without determining the true causality ofthat relationship (which could involve other vital factorsunperceived). Thus, our conclusions can be founded on merecoincidence; and once reached, those conclusions maycarry alot of conceptual momentum.

At this stage in our knowledge of petroleum origin weprobably stand to learn more from the "atypical" than from the"typicaL" Why? Because some of our tacit assumptions arechallenged. The atypical situation forces us to answer new

2

questions. The new answers then may enable us to fine-tunethe search for more dependable oil and gas prospects-typicalor otherwise.

Some perti nent criteria of effective entra pment which ca nbe examined in both typical and atypical fields are: upwardreservoir convergence, stratigraphic shunting, structuralcoherence, local cover weakness, near-vertical faulting,differential compaction, deep-water discharge, minimumpotential energy, hydrothermal chimneys, and hydrochemicalplumes.

GEOLOGIC ACTIVITIES INTO THE21 ST CENTURY:WILL THE BOOM BUST AGAIN?WilLIAM L. FISHER

Bureau of Economic GeologyThe University of Texas at Austin

Recently AAPG Presi-dent Robey Clark remarkedon the apparent irony thatgeologists tend to fare well .

when times are tough' for'many others. My colleagueat The University.of Texasat Austin, Walt Rostow, aneconomic historian, wouldimmediately note thatRobey's observation is alogical and obvious conse-quence of a Kondratieffupswing-economic cyclesbrought on by resourcesupply shortages. We are

in the fifth such upswing of the past 200 years, eachoccasioned by material shortages and rising prices. The earlierones involved potatoes, wood, coal, among other things; thisone, as we all know, involves energy-specifically,conventional oil and gas; and that, in turn, involves the bulk ofprofessional geologists. But each upswing is followed by. adownturn when supply and demand return to economicbalance. We saw a geologic downturn in the late 1950's and1960's, when domestic oil and gas exploration sagged to halfof earlier efforts in the face of declining domestic finding rates,the discovery of giant fields overseas, and governmentalpricing policies.

But for now domestic eJ.<ploration is back to historicallevels of the middle 1950's and booming, and geologists arebeing trained and employed at unprecedent rates.ll)

How long will the trend of the past 7 years persist?What will be the impact on professional geologists when

the upward trend moderates, stabilizes, or just plain fizzles?Do we vastly increase the population of employed,

professional geologists over the next decade-and-a-half onlyto have demand slacken thereafter?

In short, how will we fare in the next Kondratieff downswing?

To get some idea of the future, we should look at where weare now and where we have been. For openers, we do not haveprecise data on how many professional geologists there areand what they do, though recent estimates have been made bythe National Petroleum Council and the American GeologicalInstitute. On the basis of membership of such professionalorganizations as AAPG and estimates of professionals that aremembers, along with published accounting of geologists

...~

employed by universities and governments, I estimate thecurrent U.S. geologic population at around 45,000,comparable to, but somewhat higher than, other recentestimates. About 60 percent, or an estimated 27,300, areemployed in the petroleum industry; about 5 percent of theindustry total are with service companies; and the balance isnearly equally divided among major companies, non-majorcompanies, and independents and consultants. Approximately8,000 geologists are on U.S. university faculties. Stategeological surveys and other state governmental agenciesemploy about 2,200 full-time geologists; federal governmentalagencies employ an estimated 2,700 geological professionals,with nearly half working for the U.S. Geological Survey. Some2,500 geologists are estimated to be engaged in mining andrelated activities, and about 2,500 are in a variety of otheremployment, chiefly with private-sector consulting firms.

Overall geologic population has increased on the averageof about 2,000 annually during the past 7 years and about3,000 per year. during the past 3 years, according to myestimates. With 'such an increasing rate, supply in excess ofdemand is likely in the near term.

Regardless of whether these estimates are precise, it isclear and obvious that the major portion of the geologicprofession is involved, either directly or indirectly, in oil andgas activity, chiefly exploration. If a prorated portion of thegeologic population on U.S. faculties and in governmentalagencies is added to the number employed in the petroleumindustry, something on the order of 75 percent of theprofessionally errfployed geologic population is involved,directly or indirectly, in oil and gas activities. This hashistorically been the case, and it has certainly been the case

. during the past decade. Further, the major growth over thenext several years will continue to be related to oil and gasexploratory activities. Thus, the future of the geologicprofession over at least the next score of years will be ratherinescapably tied to future levels of activity in conventional oiland gas exploration, perhaps even more so than historically.

A couple of basic questions are thus posed: (1 )What istheoutlook, over time, of domestic oil and gas drilling? and (2) .Isthere a predictable numerical relationship of the number ofgeologists employed and the level of exploratory drilling?

If our current knowledge of the U.S. geologic populationmust be estimated, historical data on the number of geologistsand their employment are less certain. We do, however, havehistorical data on the number of AAPG members, as well ascurrent data on employment of members (courtesy of FredDix). As of year-end 1979, some 15,500, o~ 65 percent of thetotal AAPG membership of 23,826 (including foreign andstudent members), were employed in the U.S. petroleumindustry by companies or as consultants and independents.Not all are exclusively involved in U.S. exploration, but the vastmajority are. Currently, the relationship of total AAPGmembership to the estimated geologic population directly orindirectly engaged in U.S. oil and gas exploration is about 1.0to 1.3. Assuming this ratio has some historical validity, thehistorical relationship of NFW's drilled and the number ofgeologists engaged directly or indirectly in domesticexploration can be shown (Fig. 1).The correlation seems goodfor the post-WW IIupswing (through 1956) and for the currentupswing (1972-80); expectedly, the correlation is meaninglessduring the doldrums of 1957-1971, if AAPG membership isused as an estimation basis. Accordingly, for that period Ihavesimply inferred the exploration population and ignored theAAPG membership correlation.

3 Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 1981

Figure 1

- Historical ond projected rebfiomhip M m n N F W ~ drilled and estimated number of gwbgisA directly and indirectly - en- in oil and gos uplorotion

NFW drilled

Historical -9

In the post-WW II upswing an estimated two geolog~srs were employed, directly or indirectly in exploration, for each wildcat drilled yearly; by contrast, the current upswing has involved about four geologists per NFW drilled annually. Such relationship is consistent with the fact that rate of finding per NFW in the 1970's was about one-fourth that of the earlier upswing, but that overall exploration techniques were improved. Further, a larger percentage of geologists, especially with major companies, is involved with exploration outside the U.S.

There are numerous qualifications to the apparent historical correlation of numbers of U.S. geologists involved directly or indirectly in exploration and the number of NFW's drilled, and even more when projected into the future. Nonetheless, it gives us some rough basis for projecting the magnitude of the future geologic population, assuming we can make a reasonable projection of future domestic wildcat drilling.

We have a finite, but unknown, quantity ot domestic oil and gas yet to be discovered. Estimates vary, but the average of several estimates is on the order of 160 billion BOE of conventional crude and natural gas, or nearly40 percent of the estimated ultimate, conventionally recoverable base. If these estimates have any validity, they indicate that the volume of

the remaining domestic oil and gas resource base is not a fundamental constraint over the next 20 years. Even if we find four times the volume of oil andgasoverthe next20yearsthat was found from NFW drilling the past decade, an event not too likely, we would exhaust no more than half of the estimated remaining resource base. Much more critical than total volumes yet to be found, in my opinion, is the rate of finding or volume found per increment of NFW effort. If this rate follows the trend ofthe past 30 years, it will continue to decline, and, with accelerated drilling, the rate of decline will increase. It is assumptions of rate of finding, costs of finding, and value that econometricians crank into their models. And these models, again depending upon assumptions, indicate that current increases in wildcat drilling will continue into the early to middle 1990's, but thereafter level off and begin to decline. One can make some different assumptions and change the pace and timing of the curve, but geologic and resources realities will not permit a change in the basic shape of the curve. The curve will peak and eventually decline; differences are when, not if. This in no way implies that conventional oil and gas resources will be rapidly approaching depletion, but it does assume that conventional oil and gas will be progressively more difficult, and hence progressively more expensive, to find, and with an eventual loss of some

1 Hounon Geologist Society Bulletin, February 1981 4

competitive edge versus the costs of developing other energy sources.

While the number of geologists involved in the drilling effort-as well as the pace, rate, and timing of the future exploratory drilling curve-depends on assumptions, it seems inevitable that the decline wil l occur at some point in the future. And with that decline wil l also come an obvious slackening in the demand for geologists in domestic exploration, even with likely increased geologic investment pc?r increment of exploratory activity. For example, we could see a geologic population directly or indirectly involved in exploration of 50,000 to 55,000,75 percent greater than now, in the early to middle 1990's. With a population of that size and with an annual decline in drilling of 2 percent, 1,100 geologists annually would have to be absorbed by retirement, by other geologic employment, or, as we saw in the downturn of the late 1950's and 1960's, by becoming engaged in the hawking of pots, pans, and real estate, not to mention used cars.

The age distribution of the current US . geologic population, inferred from the age distribution of AAPG members, is strongly bimodal. One group has a mean age under 30, another about 55. Forty-five percent of the population is 50 years or older; 55 percent is 45 or older. Let's assume a current population of 45,000 geologists, and an early to middle 1990's population of about 73,000. By the early to middle 1990's. about 18,000 of the current population wil l have reached standard retirement age. Twenty-seven thousand of the current population would still be engaged, and the balance of some 46,000 (roughly 4,000 per year) would have entered the market since 1980. Thus, if a downturn occurs in the early to middle 1990's. i t would impact a professional group of which more than 80 percent would be under 45 years of age. If a 2-percent decline in demand for exploration geologists occurs, retirement attrition could barely soak up half the slack, assuming no new entries into the profession after the decline begins.

Will there be other sectors of geologic employment available when the decline in conventional domestic oil and gas exploration occurs? Much of this depends on when the inevitable downturn occurs. If i t occurs later than the middle 1 990's, progressively more of the growth demand in other sectors wil l have been met; if i t occurs earlier, movement to other potential growth sectors wil l be easier. But, in reality, few other sectors of geologicemployment are asconsuming of geologic manpower, or in my judgment likely to be in the future, as conventional domestic oil and gas exploration. Of those that are, such as hard-mineraland uranium exploration, none now, nor likely in the next 20 years, wil l approach the volumetric significance of oil and gas exploration. An exception might be vastly increased involvement of U.S. geologists in oil and gas exploration outside the U.S.

There will, i n coming years, be an ever-increasing reliance on coal, but coal exploration does not require a geologic investment comparable to exploration for hard-to- find resources. Synthetic production of oil and gas from coal and shale wil l increase significantly; special exploratory demands will be in finding particular kinds of coal andshale to meet specific processes. Enhanced recovery of oil, including tertiary and also infill drilling based on detailed geologic definition of reservoir heterogeneity, wil l be an ever- increasing effort. The worldwide squeeze on oil supply wil l lead to continued modification of national-oil-company policies in various countries and toan enlarged involvement of

U.S. geologists in overseas exploration. Whether we shall see densities of drilling overseas comparable to those historically in the U.S., even in the first part of the 21 st century, depends on global economics and policies of foreign nations not easy to judge at this time. As the rather dire positior~ the U.S. is developing relative to critical and strategic mineral dependency comes into full play, enlarged efforts in U.S. mineral exploration wi l l occur. Special demands for groundwater exploration and development will intensify. And, although probably in decline, conventional oil and gas exploration wil l still be a major involvement of professional geologists, and larger than now. The list could go on. But, wil l these areas of demand absorb the supply of geologists when domestic oil and gas exploration plateaus or declines? My guess: some, but not all. Conclusions

The demand for professional geologists will continue at a high level for the next decade or so. Volumetrically, the bulkof the demand wi l l be for conventional oil and gas exploration; other areas of growth wil l be exploration for specific coal and shale resources amenable to specific synthetic processes, exploration for hard-mineral deposits, enhanced oil recovery, groundwater exploration and development, among others. Conventional domestic oil and gas exploration will peak most likely during the decade of the 1990's. It wil l romain high, but will show enough decline to impact seriously geologic employment. Nonetheless, we wil l see geologic employment in the first quarter of the 21 st century some 45 to 65 percent greater than present.

The intermediate-term, overall outlook for the geologic profession seems bright. The next Kondratieff downswing, when others flourish and we languish, is some time yet in the future. But, along the way, employment adjustments occasioned by the future of conventional oil and gas exploration will occur, and wil l most likely be severe. In the near term, imbalance in supply and demand wil l occur.

In the final analysis, there can be no complete insurance against employment shocks in a profession such as geology, so thoroughly tied to resource finding and development, and hence, to fundamental market forces. We have experienced ups and downs before, and we most likely will continue to do so. The U.S., indeed the world, faces a demanding, monumental challenge in finding and developing sufficient energy and mineral resources to sustain economic growth and world stability. The role of geologists is and will continue to be fundamental. But the mix will change;demand will be more diverse, and shocks are thus inevitable. Our best, our only real insurance is, as it always has been, a broadly trained, competent, and flexible profession.

William L. Fisher is Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology of The University of Texas at Austin, Professor of Geological Sciences, and State Geologist of Texas. He served as Assistant Secretary of Energy and Minerals in the U.S. Department of Interior during the Ford Administration.

My interest in this short paper, as invited by President Baird, is only to contemplate the long term-into the 21 st century. An associated, near-term issue of critical importance is the anticipated supply of newly trained geologists and demands for their professional expertise. Even with demand running high in recent years and likely to continue for at least a decade, the real prospect of a near-term supply in excess of demand exists.

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin, February 1981

DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANIC SEDIMENTS I N THE GULF COASTAL PROVINCE - SIGNIFICANCE TO PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

Part 2 Bruce E. Hunter and David K. Davies

PALEOCENE-EOCENE The lower stages of the Cenozoic denote a period of

relative quiescense during the sporadic history of Gulf Coast volcanism (Fig. 2 and Table 2). Bentonite is present in rocks of Midway and Sabine age at scattered localities (Ross et al., 1929 and Murray, 1961 ). This is hardly conclusive evidence of concurrent volcanic activity. It may merely represent the reworking of fine grained Upper Cretaceous volcanic products. On the other hand, it may either be an indication of localized small scale activity, or distinct eruptions in areas outside the Gulf Coastal Province.

Claiborne and Jackson Stages record an increase in volcanic detritus (tuff and volcanic rockfragments).This minor activity foreshadows the burst of volcanism of the Oligocene and Miocene. Eor-ene sandstones contain volcanic rock fragments, glass shards, and ash in south central Texas (Eargle and Foust, 1962, and Chen, 1970). Todd and Folk (1958) reported that volcanic components in the Carrizo Formation increase in abundance to the south. Furthermore they suggested that the volcanic source lay to the south, offshore in the present Gulf of Mexico. Further evidences of Eocene volcanism have also been reported in a wide area ranging from Mississippi to the Veracruz Basin of Mexico (Table 2).

OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE The Oligocene-Miocene interval ( in particular the

Catahoula Formation) is widely recognized as containing significant amounts of volcanic detritus (Bailey, 1926, McBride et al., 1968, Galloway etal., 1977).Thedistribution of igneous and volcaniclastic rocks is presented in Figure 3 and Table 3.

Deposition of the volcanogenic sediments in the Catahoula interval records the renewal of volcanic activity within the Gulf Coastal Province. Considerable confusion exists concerning the usage of Catahoula as a stratigraphic term. This section deals with the regionally correlative Catahoula interval as defined by Galloway et al., (1977).

Several detailed papers have described the Catahoula interval (Bailey, 1926; McBride et al., 1 968; and Galloway et al., 1977). Volcanic detritus is extremely abundant in the Gueydan Formation, the Catahoula correlative in the Rio Grande Embayment (Bailey, 1926, and McBride et al., 1968). Thick sequences of tuffaceous clay, tuff, ash and bentonite have been reported. The average grain size of volcanic conglomerates is extremely coarse. Boulders, cobbles and pebbles composed of trachyte, trachyandesite and rhyolite porphyry are common. Major constituents of sandstones are quartz, sanidine, plagioclase feldspar, volcanic rock fragments, clay clasts, carbonate rock fragments and chert (McBride et al., 1968). Galloway et al. (1977) found that the abundance of volcanic rock fragments decreases to the east.

Despite the considerable work that has been done on the Catahoula, the source of these volcanogenic sediments is difficult to determine as mid-Tertiary igneous exposures are not present in outcrop. Catahoulan igneous rocks have not

Table 2. Volcanogenic rocks from Paleocene to Eocene deposits in the Gulf Coastal Province.

Rock Description Formation and/or Location Literature Source Midway Stage Clayton Formation - Chickasaw Co., Mississippi: Ross et al., 1929

Bentonite Porters Creek Clay - Mississippi: Tippah Co.; Union Co.; Pontotoc Co.; Chickasaw Co.; Webster Co.; Oktibbeha Co.

Green bentonite Velaseo Formation - Tamaulipas, Mexico Murray, 1961

Sabine Stage Aragon Formation - Tamaulipas arch and Murray, 1961 Bentonite Tampicn embayment, Mexico

Claiborne Stage Volcanic ash Yegua Formation - Texas Dumble, 1924

Bipyramidal quartz, euhedral apatite, bentonite Carrizo Formation - central Texas Davies and Ethridge, 1971

Sandstone with volcanic rock fragments Carrim Formation - Brazos Co., Texas personal research

Bentonite Cook Mountain Formation - Webster and Winn Martin et al. , 1954 Parishes, Louisiana

Jackson Stage Volcanics interbedded with clav. sand and Sabine Parish, Louisiana Andersen, 1960 glauconite Occasional volcanic deposits Yazoo Group - Beauregard and Allen Parishes, Holland et al. , 1952

Louisiana

Bentonite Yazoo Group - Madison Co., Mississippi Priddy, 1960 Glassy volcanic ash Lasalle Parish, Louisiana Ross et al., 1929

Sandstones with volcanic rock fragments Wellborn and Manning Formations - E. and Murray, 1961 central Texas

Bentonite interbedded with cross-bedded Whitsett Formation - E. and central Texas Murray, 1961 volcanic sand Sandstone with glass shards, sanidine, zoned Whitsett Formation, Stoneswitch Member - Eargle and Foust, 1962 plagioclase, pumice fragments, volcanic rock Kames Co., Texas fragments (trachyte and trachyandesite) Tuffaceous sandstones, glassy rhyolitic ash, bentonite; Gonzales and Fayette Co., Texas Chen, 1970 volcanic rock fragments include andesite, trachyte and rhyolite

Volcanic ash Rio Grande embayment: Rio Grande River; Murray, 1961 Burgos basin

Bentonite Tampico embayment near Teziutlan and Jalapa; Murray, 1961 N. Veracruz basin

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 1981 6

PALEOCENE - EOCENE

i - 0 z w m r

JACKSON

Sandstones and conglanwates contmng ralcan~c rock 1ra;nents

Tuff and hffaceous rocks

Bentonite

IXI Volcanic necks, stocks, sills dikes and lava flows

Fig. 2 Distribution of Paleocene-Eocene volcanogenic rocks in the Gulf Coastal Province.

been encountered in the subsurface, nor is there any geophysical evidence indicating the existence of buried volcanic vents. Recent studies suggest that the source of Catahoulan volcanogenic sediments lay in the Davis Mountains, in and west of Big Bend National Park and in a poorly known adjacent area in northern Mexico(McBride et at., 1968, and Galloway et al., 1977). Bailey (1 926) proposed that source vents were located close to the Gueydan outcrop. Reexamination of data published in studies of Catahoula volcanic deposits leads to the conclusion that large quantities of the sediment were not derived from such a distant source as the Davis Mountains.

Thick exposures of coarse conglomerates in the Gueydan formation have been reported from Duval and McMullen Counties, Texas (McBride et al., 1968). Boulders are common; the coarsest occur in beds that appear to have been deposited by volcanic mudflows. Freeman measured boulders that were 40,36, and 25 inches in diameter(McBride et at., 1968). Bailey ( 1926 ) reported abundant boulders f r om f luv ia l conglomerates; the largest measured 20 x 16 x 15 inches.

It is well known that the grain size of fluvial sediments decreases rapidly downstream. This results from slective sorting and deposition of coarse particles as f low competance and channel slope decrease (Leopold, Wolman, and Miller, 1958). Studies of fluvial transport in active volcanic regions by Davies and others (1978) documented a reduction in mean grain size from 4 m (1 3 ft.) boulders to 2 mm (.08 in.) detritus over a distance of 40 miles. Walton (1 977) noted that detrital grain size decreased from boulders as coarsest clasts to cobbles in less than 11 miles on the aprons of Eocene volcanoes in the Davis Mountains.

Boulders and cobbles in the Gueydan formation could not have been transported in a single transport cycle from the Davis Mountains, 300 miles distant (by mudflows or fluvial transport). It is more likely that the source vents for the boulders and cobbles lay less than 50 miles away, where eroded remnants have been buried by more recent sediments. Lack of geophysical evidence indicating the presence of buried volcanoes is inconclusive. (As was discussed in the previous section, Braunstein and McMichael (1976) discovered a

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. Februaw 1 9 8 1

buried Cretaceous volcano in an area where gravity and magnetic anomalies had indicated there were no ingeous intrusions). However, it is probably safe to assume that Catahoulan volcanoes in the Gulf Coastal Province probably were not very abundant.

IMPLICATIONS

If we are to thinkof the GuIf Coastal Province asa volcanic region, there are several implications. Local volcanic sources can greatly influence the geometry of sand bodies and the intensity and style of diagenesis. Offshore volcanic centers would have functioned as eastern and southern sources of sediment in a basin which is considered to have derived sediment only from the north and west. Deltas and submarine fans that may have formed on the flanks of these volcanoesare potential petroleum reservoirs. They would thicken dramatically toward the source and average grain size would increase rapidly in that direction. Due to coarse grain size, original permeability may be high but i t would be greatly influenced by diagenesis.

Diagenesis is intensified in volcanic sediments (Davies et al., 1979). It involves both the loss of original porosity and the development of secondary dissolution porosity. Dissolution of chemically unstable glass and high temperature minerals introduces numerous mobile ions into the pore waters. High ion concentration increases chemical activities and causes precipitation of pore filling minerals. The minerals to be expected i n the pores of volcanic rich sediments are legion, and include goethite; hematite; ankerite; numerous different zeolites and clay minerals. Where sandstones have undergone loss of original permeability, secondary porosity may be created by dissolution of chemically non-stable grains of feldspar and volcanic rock fragments.

Sandstone reservoirs in the vicinity of volcanic centers wi l l have pore-fill assemblages many times more complex than average Gulf Coast sandstone bodies. Greatcare mustbe taken in the design of drilling and treatment fluids to avoid serious formation damage. It is important to remember that the pore-fill minerals do not solely consist of clay minerals. Clay minerals are indeed of importance in increasing the

formation sensitivity to different well-bore fluids in these rocks. However, other common minerals, particularly goethite, ankerite, and the zeolites can also increase formation sensitivity to man-introduced fluids. These minerals should be identified accurately prior to designing mud and treatment systems.

MODERN ANALOGY It may be difficult to envision the Mississippi Delta region

as one-time including volcanoes. However, the modern Niger Delta is a good example of deltaic sedimentation flanked byan impressive 13,430 foot volcanic cone, Mount Cameroon (Figure 4). In 1922, Mount Cameroon erupted explosively and distributed volcanic ash over the sediments of the Niger delta. Lava flowed from lateral vents. Such volcanic activity is a common occurrence in the Niger delta region. At least 9 eruptions have been recorded since 1700 (MacDonald, 1972). Mt. Cameroon is part of the Cameroon volcanic zone, a Cenozoic alkalic volcanic region immediately adjacent to the Benue Trough (Fig. 4). The intimate association of alkalic volcanism, basin subsidence and deltaic sedimentation makes the Benue Trough, a modern aulacogen (Hoffman, 1974). an excellent analogy for the volcanic periods of Gulf Coastal Province history. Niger deltaic sediments interfinger and intermix wi th volcaniclastics and lava flows at the base of Mt . Cameroon. At some future time the Cameroon volcanic zone is likely to develop into a major rift system (Burkeand Whiteman, 1975). If this were to happen, the volcanic sources would become buried like many of those in the GuIf Coastal Province.

The Gulf Coastal Province resembles the geographic setting of the Benue Trough. It also lies in a reentrant of a continental margin. The Mississippi and Rio Grande Embayments are two troughs which extend toward the North American platform interior, transverse to the trend of the Gulf Coast Geosyncline. May these two features also be classified as modern aulacogens? The major sources of volcanism in the northern Gulf Coastal Province have been associated wi th these depressions (Figs. 1-3). In one respect they do not resemble classical aulacogens. Most aulacogens begin as

Table 3. Volcanogenic rocks from Oligocene to Recent deposits in the Gulf Coastal Province.

Rock Description Formation and/or Location Literature Source Vicksburg Stage

Bentonite and tuffaceous sandstones Bucatanna Formation central and E. Mississippi Murray, 1961

Tuffaceous material S. central Texas Murray, 1961

Sandstone with volcanic rock fragments Rio Grande and Tampico embayments Muny, 1961

Upper Oligocene-Miocene Volcanic conglomerate - clast composition: Gueydan Formation - S. Texas Bailey, 1926; McBride et al. , 1968 trachyte, trachyandesite, rhyolite porphyry, tuff, pumice

Sandstone - grain composition: quartz, sanidine, Gueydan Formation - S. Texas; Catahoula Formation - Galloway et al., 1977 orthoclase, microcline, plagioclase, volcanic rock surface and subsurface: S. Texas; E. Texas fragments; tuffaceous clay; tuff and ash; bentonite

Sandstone with plagioclase and volcanic rock fragments Catahoula Formation - subsurface, offshore Louisiana personal research

Bentonite Mobile, Alabama; Clarke and Wayne Co., Mississippi Ross et al., 1929; Shreveport Geological Soc., 1934

Rudaceous beds with volcanic materials Veracruz and Tobasco, Mexico Murray, 1961

Igneous flows, intrusions and volcaniclastics: rock Trans-Pecos region, Texas, Mexico (outside, but adjacent Barker, 1977; Walton, 1977 families: basalt-phonolite-trachyte-rhyolite suite; to Gulf Coastal Province) nephelinite-phonolite suite

Pliocene Volcanic glass shards from well; subsurface depth = West Delta Block, offshore Louisiana Beard et al., 1976 5000 ft; dated by fission track method: 3.1 + 0.43 m.y.

Tuff and ash Mexican Gulf Guzman Jimenez, 1952

Pleistocene-Recent Pyroclastics and basaltic flows Mexico: Tampico embayrnent; Veracruz basin Munya, 1961

Recent volcanoes - latest recorded activity: Pico de Trans-Mexico volcanic belt Moore and Del Castillo, 1974 Orizaba, 1687; Volcan de San Martin, 1793

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 1981 8

OLIGOCENE - RECENT

Sanl~tones and conglonerates conta1n1ng rdcanic rod fngnmts

luff and tdfac~us racks

Bentanile

Volcanic necks, s t ~ k ~ , lilli dikes and law flows

Fig. 3 Distribution of Oligocene-Recent volcanogenic rocks in the Gulf Coastal Province

narrow fault-bounded grabens and later become broader downwarps (Hoffman, 1974). The Mississippi and Rio Grande Embayments have subsided as broad downwarps throughout their entire history. Thus the thickness of sediments have never reached aulacogenic proportions within the continental platform. However, the sediment thickness where the embayments intersect the Gulf Coast Geosyncline (30,000 ft. in the Mississippi Embaymentand40,OOOft. in the RioGrande Embayment (Murray, 1961 )) is comparable to reported aulacogens. Although the evidence does not conclusively show that the Mississippi and Rio Grande embayments are aulacogens, the similarity is striking. In attempts to understand the tectonic origins of the Gulf of Mexico, the aulacogenic nature of these two troughs must be considered.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many of the thoughts for this paper were inspired and

clarified while performing research on modern volcanic sediments of Guatemala. These projects were made possible through the financial support of the National Science

Foundation, Office of International Programs, under grant lNT78-12365, and the Division Geologica, lnstituto Geografico Nacional de Guatemala. Our gratitude isexpressed to Dr. Samuel Bonis and lg. Oscar Salazar for their invaluable assistance in the field, and also in numerous scientific discussions.

Dr. Grover E. Murray provided guidance during the development of this paper. He also read an early draft and made important suggestions for improvement. Richard K. Vessell assisted in all phases of development of this project; read several drafts of the paper, and was responsible for much constructive criticism. Raymond E. Kasino also read the manuscript and made helpful suggestions. The drafting was performed by Robert Suddarth, and the manuscript typed by Mrs. Madonna Norris and Miss Deborah Riden. I would also like to thank Exxon Co., U.S.A. for their assistance in the manuscript preparation.

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 1981

Fig. 4 Recent volcancis are associated wi th deltaic sedimentation in the Benue Trough, located east of the Gulf of Guinea on the - western African platform.

REFERENCES CITED Andersen, H. V., 1960, Geology of Sabine Parish: Louisiana

Geological Survey, Geological Bull. No. 34, 164 pp.

Bailey, L., 1926, The Gueydan, a new Middle Tertiary formation from the southwestern coastal plain of Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas Bulletin No. 2645. 101p.

Barker, Daniel S., 1977, NorthernTrans-Pecos magmatic province: Introduction and comparison wi th the Kenya rift: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 88, pp. 1421 -27.

Barker, D. S., and Young, K., 1977, Pilot Knob, a marine Cretaceous nepheline basanite volcano, Austin, Texas: Geol. Soc. America, Abstracts wi th programs, South- Central Section, v. 9, no. 1, p. 3.

Beard, J. H., Boellstorff, J., Menconi, L. C., and Stude, G. R., 1976, Fission-track age of Pliocene volcanic glass from the Gulf of Mexico: Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Societies, v. 26, pp. 156-1 63.

Braunstein, J. and McMichael, C. E., 1976, Door Point: a buried volcano in southeast Louisiana: Trans., Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Societies, v. 26, pp. 79-80.

Burke, K. and Whiteman, A. J., 1973, Uplift, rifting and the break-up of Africa, in Tarling, D. H., and Runcorn, S.K. (eds.), Continental drift, seafloor spreading and plate tectonics: New York Academic Press, p. 735-755.

Chen, P., 1970, Petrography of the Upper Eocene ash beds from Gonzales and Fayette Counties, Texas: Proceedings of the Geological Society of China, No. 13, pp. 23-33.

Davies, D. K.,and Ethridge, F. G., 1971 ,The Claiborne Groupof central Texas: a record of Middle Eocene marine and coastal plain deposition, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., v. 21, p. 11 5-1 24.

Davies, D. K., Vessell, R. K., Miles, R. C., Foley, M. G., and Bonies, S. B., 1978, Fluvial transport and downstream sediment modification in an active volcanic region in Miall, A.D. (ed.) Fluvial sedimentology: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 5, p. 61 -84.

Davies, D. K. Almon, W. R., Bonis, S. 6.. And Hunter, B. E., 1979, Deposition and diagenesis of Tertiary-Holocene volcaniclastics, Guatemala, in Scholle, P. A,, and Schluger, P. R., (eds), Aspects of Diagenesis: Soc. Econ., Paleontologists Mineralogists, Spec. Pub. 29, pp. 281 - 306.

Dumble, E. J., 1924, A revision of the Texas Tertiary section wi th special reference to the oil-well geology of the coast region: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 8, pp. 424-44.

Durham, D. O., 1949, Stratigraphic relations of the Pilot Knob pyroclastics: Seventeenth annual Field Trip of the Shreveport Geol. Soc., Guidebook. Cretaceous of Austin, Texas Area, p. 102-108.

Durham, C. O., 1955 Stratigraphic relations of Upper Cretaceous Volcanics in Travis County, Texas: Guidebook, Annual Field Trip, Corpus Christi Geol. Soc.

Eargle, D. H., and Foust, R. T. Jr., 1962, Tertiary stratigraphy and uranium mines of the southeast Texas coastal plain, Houston to San Antonio, via Golida, in Rainwater, E. ti. and Zingula, R. P. Geology of the Gulf Coast and central Texas and guidebook of excursions: Houston Geological Society, pp. 225-53.

Galloway, W. E., Murphy, T. D., Belcher, R. C., Johnson, B. D., and Sutton, S., 1977, Catahoula Formation of the Texas coastal plain: depositional systems, composition, structural development, ground-water f low history and uranium distribution: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Report of Investigation No. 87, p. 59.

Guzman, Jimenez, E. J., 1952, Volumes of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in Mexican Gulf Coastal Plain: Part V of Sedimentary Volumes in Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and Mexico, Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 63, pp. 1201 -20.

Hill, R . T., 1890, Pilot Knob, a marine Cretaceous volcano: Am. Geologist, V. 6, pp. 286-92.

Houston Geologist Society Bulletin, February 1981 1 0

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COVER PHOTO Thrust fault cutting the lndio Formation (Tertiary-Eocene) on Bee Bluff associated with the flanks of the Bee Bluff meteor

crater. The site is approximately 10 miles south of Uvalde, Texas. William Feathergail Wilson and Douglas Hord Wilson describe the site more fully in Geology, v. 7, p. 144-146, March 1979. Photo Courtesy of Chester Baird.

Holland, W. C., Hough, L. W.,and Murray, G. E., 1952, Geology of Beauregard and Allen Parishes, Louisiana Geological Survey, Geological Bull. No. 27, p. 224.

Kidwell, A. L., 1951, Mesozoic igneous activity in the northern Gulf Coastal Plain: Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Societies, V. 1. pp. 182-99.

Leopold, L. B., Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P., 1964, Fluvial processes in geomorphology: San Francisco, W. H. Freeman and Co., p. 522.

MacDonald, G. A,, 1972, Volcanoes: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc., p. 510.

Martin, J. L., Hough, L. W., Raggio, D. L., 1954, Geology of Webster Parish: Louisiana Geological Survey, Geological Bull. No. 29, p. 252.

McBride, E. F., Lindemann, W. L., and Freeman, P.S., 1968, Lithology and petrology of the Gueydan (Catahoula) formation in south Texas: Univ. of Texas Economic Geology Report of Investigations No. 63.

Moore, G. W. and Castillo, L. D., 1974, Tectonic Evolution of the southern Gulf of Mexico: Geol. Soc. America Bull., V. 85, pp. 607-618.

Murray, Grover E., 1961, Geology of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Provinces of North America: New York, Harper and Brothers, p. 692.

Priddy, R. R., 1960, Madison County Geology, Mississippi State Geological Survey Bull. No. 88, p. 123.

Ross, C. S., Miser, H. D., and Stephenson, L. W., 1929, Water- laid volcanic rocks of Early Upper Cretaceous age in southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1 54-F, pp. 1 75-202.

Sellards, E. H., 1932, Oil Fields in igneous rocks in the coastal plain of Texas: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., V. 16. pp. 741 -768.

Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S., Plummer, F. B., 1932, Geology of Texas, Vol. 1 : Stratigraphy: The Univ. of Texas Bulletin No. 3232, Austin, Bureau of Economic 'Geology, p. 1007.

Shreveport Geological Society, 1934, Stratigraphy and paleontologic notes on the Eocene (Jackson Group), Oligocene and lower Miocene of Clarke and Wayne counties, Mississippi: Guidebook, 11 th Annual Field Trip, Shreveport Geol. Soc., p. 34.

Spencer, A. B., 1965, Alkalic igneous rocks of Uvalde County. Texas: Corpus Christi Geol. Soc., Annual Field Trip, pp. 13-22.

Spencer, A. B., 1969, Alkalic igenous rocks of the Balcones province, Texas: Jour. Petrology, V. 10, pp. 272-306.

Sundeen, D. A,, and Cook, P. L., 1977. K-Ar dates from Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the subsurface of west- central Mississippi: Geol. Soc. America Bull., V. 88, pp. 1 144-46.

Todd, T. W., and Folk, R. L., 1958, Basal Claiborne of Texas, record of Appalachian tectonism during Eocene: Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., V. 41, pp. 2545-2566.

Udden, J. A,, and Bybee, H. P., 191 6, The Thrall oil field: Texas Univ. Bureau of Economic Geology and Technology Publication No. 66, pp. 1-78.

Walton, A. W., 1977, Petrology of volcanic sedimentary rocks, Vieja Group, southern Rim Rock County, Trans-Pecos, Texas: Jour. of Sed. Petrology, V. 47, No. 1, pp. 137-1 57.

Editors Note: Bruce E. Hunter is a geologist with Exxon Company USA,

Houston. David K. Davies, Ph.D. is President of Davies, Almon and Associates, Inc., Houston. This paper appeared in Volume 29, 1979 of the GCAGS Transactions. It appears here with permission of the authors and with the permission of the GCAGS, President.

11 Houston Geologist Society Bulletin. February 1981

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227-2552

0. G. LUNDSTROM GEOLOGIST

RES 3614 ABERDEEN WAY HOUSTON. TEXAS 77025

664-4397

GEORGE N. MAY G E O R G E N. M A Y a n d ASSOCIATES

Consulllng Geologtsls and Paleonlolog~str P 0 Box 51858 011 Center S ta l~on

Lalayette Loulslana 70505 (318) 234-3379

ROBERT H. MAYSE Houston Plpe Line C d n p e r v

Vlce Presldeni - Energy Resources

1121 Americana Bulldlng Houslon, T e x a s 77002 - 7131654-6884

W. 6. McCARTER C. E. McCARTER

Independents

2522 Hazard 523-5733 529-1881

Houston. Texas 77019

A. N. McDOWELL EXPLORATION CONSULTANT

OFFICE (7 13) 467 7436

10633 SHADOW WOOD DRIVE RESIDENCE HOUSTON TEXAS 77043 171 31 468-6521

FRANK S. MILLARD C O N S U L T A N T

Well Log lnlerprelatlons-Semlnarr

10211 Holly Sprlngs Houston Texas 77042 Tele (7131 782 8033

R. B. MITCHELL Geologist

2301 F ~ r s t C11y Na t~ona l Bank B ldg Houston Texas 77002

652-2192

R O B E R T 0. M I T C H E L L Petroleum Explorat$on Geology

t i C L L Y A P O ' 8 I A N LOPrnlO L A S P.LU1S O E A n C l n l P i l

"5(1 W N " 0 C X

1 6 5 >LI6.J, 9' A P T 108

, r n A # N * O r S l 0 h 11.15 1105-

I t r -39176.'18

EVELYN WlLlE MOODY

SUBSbRFACE STUDIES TECHNICAL PAPERS

856 THE MAIN BLDG OFF 713-654-0072 1212 MAIN ST RES 713-528-0917

I. K. NICHOLS Petroleum Geologist

C. E. NICHOLS Geophysicist

41 Still Forest Orwe Houston. Texas 77024 Phone 782-4970

ELWlN M. PEACOCK INCORPORATED

CONSULTING GEOPHYSICIST

W0 C I WILDING 71SU2-5014 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002

RICHARD L. PORTER Petroleum Geolog~at h Exploration Consultant

J 13 E Petroleum. Inc. 91 1 Wabr. Sum 501 BUS. (713) 227-7003 Houston. Texas 77002 RES. (713) 774-7682

LEO PUGH

Gulf C w t Qw Data Corp. sr iam~c - &.vity h t a

11W AYUICAWA UW. Houston. Taxaa 77002 (713) 052-3879

JOSEPH G. PUTMAN Ill

011 6 Gas Interests

1514 Pine Gap

444-3546 Houston. Texas 77000 658-0601

GEOLOGY GEOPHVSICS

EXPLORATION DEVELOPMENT

0. J. RAUSCHENBACH OIL AND GAS CONSULTANT

72.55 Clarwood. Suit. 343 Office 713 9861775 Houston. Taxes 77036 f?asidmce 713 774-3998

RAYMOND D. REYNOLDS Geologtsl

P. 0. Drawer 2258 Phone: Lufkin, Tx. 75801 71 5834-4752

Cecil 8. &'ivel PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST BARKLEY SOU DERS

SulTE 1 3 1 3 T-E MAIN BU~LD~NO 1212 MAIN STREE~

HOUSTON. TEXAS 7 7 0 0 2

JAMES W. ROACH ,TT"OL.UY aL0LOCI.T

CRAMON STANTON 011 6 Gas Consultant

.IWI U M I A T I O W . INC 3.03 W.-m..IU. SUIT. 1 1 0 0,. 71S.7a4.40.0

w ~ u n o * . nir. 77041 WOW. 7.1--704

5906 Bermuda Dunes Orwe Houston. Texas 77069

444-0065

OW. 481-3060 Ram. 468-56e5

JOHN A. RUGGLES Geologtcal ConsulIan1

Town h Country YEYIER Prokss~onal Bulldlng *I00

AAPG. SIPES 10405 Town 6 Country Way AIPG. GSA Houston. Texas 77024

S. BROOKS STEWART INCORPORATED

Consultlng Geophyslclst

910 C b l Building 1006 Main

Houston. Texas 77002 (713) 652-5016

MARTIN M. SHEETS Consultant Energy Environment

Petroleum Geothermal Actwe Sutlace Faults Subs~dency

1973 W. Gray. Suite 4 Houston. T e x u 77019 713-523-1875

HARRY H. SISSON CONSULTING GEOPHYSICIST

FRED L. SMITH, JR.

Consultlng Geologist Pateontologlst

Office 654-5757 1014 C 6 I Bulldlng Res 468-7300 Houston. Texas 77002

ROY 0. SMITH a ASSOCIATES. INC EXPLORATION CONSULTANTS

ROY 0. SMITH 4660 BEECHNUT. SUITE 222 (713) 081-7400 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77008

E. H. STORK, JR. E. H. STORK, JR. &ASSOCIATES, INC.

Consuhmg PaIeonrolop,st and Geolagrst B~ostrar~glaph~Palao acologv

Geolagtc Interpmler~ons

181 1 C I I Bu~ldlng Houston, Texas 77002

OW: 1713) 652-5026 Res 1713) 486-9064

W. L. TIDWELL CERTIFIED PLTROLEUY QIOLOQIST

SU~TE 450 l 6200 SAVOY 713-977-8625 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77036

M. P. TlXlER TlXlER TECHNICAL CORPORATION

P. 0 . BOX 25247 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77005 - Wall Log Studfes -

(713) 523-1066

1714 C L I BUILMNQ Onla (743) a624OSO HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 Radmca -3181

GENE VAN DYKE

President O m G m m y Plan Van Dylre Comp.ny Houston. Texas 77046 (713) 877-8544 Tabx 762200

J. C. WALTER, JR.

A. D. WARREN

Consulting Paleontologist and Geologist

8686 Noninghern Plece La Jolla, California 92037

(714) 453-4416

JAMES A. WHEELER

Sute 0 1 C 6 I Building W v U O n T n U 1- 1713) 851-SS5

L.. J.d"m & U l l y 91 1 ..IL-, LH. 34.5 H..,.(P, T.... 77w

JAMES M. WILSON - w u Co-

CAVALLA ENERGY EXPLORATION CO.

HE- L. SMITH Vi President

JAMES A. McCARTHY President

600 J e f f m n BIQ. Suite 508 Houston, Texas 77002

713/6624907

PETER k FRORER Vice Redent

B I L L FORNEY President

BI LL FORNEY JR. Vice President

BILL FORNEY, INC. 5 5 9 9 SAW FEL IPE, SUITE I 2 0 0

HOUSTON ,TEXAS 7 7 0 5 6 ( 7 1 3 ) 6 Z I - 0 0 3 3

a --La- -L- ----- I

I I v exploration computing renice

Joe t i . Smith P r e s r n t

7880 San Felipe / 210 / Houston. Tx. 77083 / 713/977-2059

DOROTHY RODDY, Presidsnt

%isrnopaph S ~ r u i c ~ Corporation A S U B S I D I A R Y O F R A Y T H E O N C O M P A N Y

Box 1 590 Tulsa, Okla. 741 02 (91 8) 627-3330

DISTRICT OFFICES AND DATA PROCESSING CENTERS

HOUSTON MIDLAND DENVER BAKERSFIELD CALGARY

DO YOU NEED CAREER COUNSELING?

WHAT ARE YOUR CHOICES IN TODAY'S MARKET? What opportunities for growth are there? What locatigns are available to choose from? What are the current salary and compensation

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5075 Wenheimer, Suite 899

e d d y Suite 1150,410 17th Street Bldg.

Houston, Texas 77056 Denver, Colorado 80202 713 1961-1188 & s s E i a t ~ 303 1 893-8948

Fees Pad by Companies 14 UWIWU I 51 H\.I< I t IM Equal Opportunity Employer

Oil & 0.8 Explontion GULF COAST DIVISION

Suite 950, The Main Building 1212 Main Stmt,

Houston. Texas 77002 (713) 650-0016

E. B. "Bud" McDankl, Divlrlon Manager

I Schlumberger ( Schlumberger Well Services

1300 Main, Suite 1209 Houston, Texas 77002

Texas Coast Division 658-8300

WGM INC. MINING AND GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS Metallics l Nonrnetallics / Solid Fuels

M~nerals R~conna~ssance Feas~b~l~ty Stud~es

Properly Evaluat~ons Preproduct~on and Mme Management

Geophysccs Log~st~cs I 1300 Main, Suite 539 P. 0. Box 59 Houston, Texas 77002 Anchorage. Alaska 99510 (71 3) 656-0754 (907) 276-5004 Telex 77-5754 Telex -25263

mapco I"c

EXPLORATION OIL & GAS

Suite 2680 Two Allen Center Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 659-6000

I 16730 Hedgecroft Suite SO6 Houston, Texas 77060 Tel: (713) 445-4587

Pogo Producing Company PO. Box 2504

900 Southwest Tower Houston, Texas 77001

Rocky Mountain Division P. 0. Box 221 1 First of Denver Plaza Denver, Colorado 80201 (303) 572-3739

Mid-Continent Division Western Division 204 N. Robinson Avenue P. 0. Box 10340 Suite 900 61 5 Blanks Building Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73102 Midland, Texas 79701 (405) 236-4192 (91 5) 682-6822

I- MUD LOGGING

Still the oil man's best bet. Mud loggmg has benefited from improved proce- dures and is still the oil man's best bet. Ragsdale Well Logging is taking advantage of innovations and providing them to customers without extra costs. Ragsdale uses the finest conventional mud logging equipment and a team of experienced loggers to insure economy and accuracy in direct measurement at the well site. Geologists and drilling superintendents from the Gulf Coast to the Rocky Mountains depend on Ragsdale to help them make the big decisions.

For your free composite log sample and brochure, write or call:

RAGSDALE WELL LOGGING COMPANY 3801 Kirby, Suite 536 Houston, Texas 77098 (71 31 526-7060

Biostratigraphers I PALEONTOLOGY PALEOECOLOGY

PALYNOLOGY SOURCE ROCKS

NANNOFOSSILS T H I N SECTIONS

W W F A I R C H I L O C R P I C K E T 1

333 BELLAIRE BOULEVARD 0 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77081 0 (713) 665-8886 I South Texas Div. Office

9301 Southwest Freeway - Suite 465 AC-713/270-1201

K EP L l N G ER and Associates, Inc.

TULSA

320 So. Boston. Suite 320 Tulsa. Oklahoma 74103

(918) 587-5591

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSULTANTS

K&A, INC. oil and as Management Services A KEPLINGER C O M P A N Y

HOUSTON 3200 Entex Building

1200 Milam Houston, Texas 77002

(71 3) 651 -31 27

CORPUS CHRIST1 DALLAS -

DENVER

Anaconda Tower Suite 2360 555 17th Street

Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 825-8202

CASPER

751 Petroleum Tower 1265 Campbell Centre Energy II Building, Suite 250

Corpus Christi, Texas 78474 8150 N. Central Expressway 951 West Werner Court

(51 2) 884-8579 Dallas, Texas 75206 Casper, Wyoming 82601 (214) 691-3820. (307) 265-4960

I 7000 Regency Square Blvd., Suite 130 Houston. Texas 77036

. J. Gruv and Associates- Inc - - - - - - - . - - . RESERVOIR ENOINEERINO STUDIES . OEDTUERMAL ENEROY STUDIES SECONDARY a d TERTIARY RECOVERY STUDIES GEOLOGIC STUDIES.

MARKET and ECONOMIC ANALYSES . PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYSES. RESERMIR SlMULITlON COMPUTZR PROGRAMMING and APPLICATIW .

EXPERT WITNESS and REPRESENTATION A U T ~ A ~ I O N S%ILS TECUNICAL ASSISTANCE and TRAINING INVESTMENT ANALYSES

I~OUSTRIAL WASTE SUBSURFACE STORAGE STVOlES EVUUATIDN

w

REPORTS

Gruy Management Service Co. - PROPERTY MANAGEMENT DRILLING a d COMPLETION - ACCOUNTINO

WORKOVER OPERATIONS PROWCTION OPERATIONS. PIPELINE SYSTEMS. SECONDARY RECOVERY - DISPOSAL SYSTEMS. GAS COMPRESSION .CONSULTATION

Gruy Federal, Inc. OIL-GAS RECOVERY STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. FORECASTING

COMPUTER MODELING . ECONOMIC ANALYSES ,RISK ANALYSES .POLICY ANALYSES

150 W. John W Corpanlar Frseroy 2 5 0 0 Tongl~wolds Suit* I 5 0 (214) 659-3200 Irving. Texas 7 5 0 6 2 (713) 7 8 5 - 9 2 0 0 Houston. Tsxo* 7 7 0 6 3 TeIea 7 3 0 8 3 3 Answer Back: Gruy Ool 4

Develop Your Potential!

"We specialize in finding the people who find oil and gas."

Let us show you the difference quality service makes!

Our professional Exploration and Production Division can offer a total of 25 years experience in the Oil and Gas industry . . . we know the oil business, and we know the job market! Let us use our experience to help you take your next step upwards in your career. Or, if you are a manager in need of hiring a staff member, we can assist you in finding a qualified candidate for your present company's needs.

We employ an on-line, in-house computer to speed up our selection process. If a candidate prefers, we will discuss an opportunity with him/her prior to our presentation to an employer. We are not a resume mail-out service. We pride ourselves in providing quality, not quantity, and in maintaining discreet confidentiality.

Additional areas served by Burnett Personnel Consultants are: Legal (our consultants are all attorneys), Financial, Data Processing (scientific and business applications), Construction, Clerical, Temporaries, Contract, and Payrolling Personnel for Houston.

So if you need to add to your present staff, or wish to seek some upward mobility in your own career, or just want to stay current with today's rapidly changing job market and compensation packages. . . Call us!

ALL POSITIONS ARE FEE PAID.

Burnett 3300 Suite S. 250 Gessner at Richmond

Personnel Consultants 977-4777

I THE ANALYSTS I TECHNICAL SERVICES

TOTAL CONCEPT MEASUREMENTS WHILE WELL LOGGING DRILLING ( MWD

PHYSICAL CORE ANALYSIS FORMATION EVALUATION

t l E A W U I R T E R I : T IM ANALISTI. IMC.. '200 I I A C C O BLVD.. SUGAR LAND, TEXAS 7 7 4 7 8

TELEC)(ONE: 713 -4.1 - 4.49 TILEX : 7 9 - 4 6 1 5 WORLDWIDE SIRVICS CINTERS -

RALPH E. DA VlS ASSOCIATES, INC. Consultants

Petroleum and Natural Gas 3050 South Post Oak Road - Suite 600

Houston, Texas 77056 713-6267741

SIDNEY SCHAFER & ASSOCIATES

Geophysical Consulting

Offshore Gravity Data

THE GEOPHYSICAL DIRECTORY

THE OIL AND GAS DIRECTORY

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77019

PHONE 713 529-8789 2200 WELCH AVENUE

Oil and Gas Reserves, Inc.

Corpus Christi -- Houston

820 Bank & Trust-123 305 San Jacinto Bldg Corpus Christi, Texas Houston, Texas 78477 77002

H. T. Nolen Terry Richardson Steve Hill

Oil & Gas Exploration

R. BREWER & CO., INC. Houston

ATWATER CONSULTANTS, LTD. GEOLOGISTS & PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

318 CAMP STREET

NEW ORLEANS, LA. 70130

(504) 58 1-6527

DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. OIL & GAS DIVISION HOUSTON, TEXAS

400 WEST BELT SOUTH P 0 BOX 4322 (713) 978-2971

Midland, Texas - Walnut Creek, California Lafaye t re, Louisiana - Denver, Colorado

L Y O N S P E T R O L E U M , I N C .

SHREVEPORT. LOUISIANA

G E N E H I L L I A R D D I C K D A V E N P O R T

G. F. ABENORDTH n l L L WATSON

G E N E H I L L I A R D . I l l T I M A B E N D R O T H

GEORGE M O R G A N

LAFAYETTE. LOUISIANA

J1M F A M B R O U Q H M I K E R A D F O R D

D U A N E D U N G A N SCOTT D A N I E L

F

Brown and McKenzie 011 & Gas Exploration

Five Greenway Plaza East Suite 1704 Houston, Texas 77046

71 3/626-3300

C. F. Brown, Jr. Michael McKenzie

Billy j. Neal lerry Webb

Joel Paseman

Drilling and Production Data

HOUSTON, TEXAS DENVER, COLORADO 41 50 Westheimer 1375 Delaware P.O. Box 1702 (77001) P.O. Box 2612 (80201) 7 1 31 96 1 -5660 3031 825-2 18 1

A Subsidiary of A.C. Nielsen Company

Logs and Maps Computerized Data Bases Engineering and Exploration Consultation Data in Microform Special Energy Publications Need current or historical exploration and production data or any of the above services? Turn to Petroleum Information - your full service information source.

When the bottom line is to get the job done, PI is the name to remember.

Petroleum Information Corporation

BOLT &xsxlmES I N . 205 WILSON AVE NORWALK CONN 06854 (203) 85%O?OO

DAHL DRAFTING & DESIGN Geological Geophysical

Land Drafting Presentations AIR BRUSH SLIDES BROCHURES GRAPHICS

One Allen Center Suite 2505 500 Dallas Houston, Texas 77002 (71 3) 228-61 38

PERSONNEL CONSULTANTS Exclusively For

GEOLOGISTS and GEOPHYSICISTS

Strictly Confidential

Independents and Majors

Knowledgeable Career Guidance

High Professional Ethics

Never A Cost To You

We know the Oil Patch and specialize in your profession. We can help you make the most of your education and experience.

Send Your Resume or Call Larry Powell

PRESIDENT

L.H. POWELL & ASSOCiATES 101 22 Long Point at Gessner, Suite 1 17

J R. Butler and Company OIL AND GAS CONSULTANTS

RESERVE EVALUATIONS 4605 Post Oak Place, Suite 130, Houston, Texas 77027

Telephone 7131627-7180 Telex: 910 881 4408

Aff i l iated with GeoQuest International, Inc. and GeoQuest Exploration, Inc.

Houston, Texas 77043 7 13/467-4 186

BIG "6" DRILLING COMPANY

7500 San Felipe, Suite 666 Houston. Texas 77063

W. H. Smith, Chai rman of Board 783-2300 C. B. Benge, Jr., President-General Manager

NORTH AMERICAN ROYALTIES, INC.

NRR OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

HOUSTON DISTRICT, Suite 2630 Two Allen Center, Houston, Texas 7700Z0 (713) 7S1-OW4

[B WESTERN GEOPHYSICAL Litton

10,001 Rchmond Avenue. P 0 Box 2469, Houston. Texas 77001

Telephone 71 3 789-9600 Cable WESGECO Telex 762406

Dresser Atlas Wireline Services

601 Jefferson Suite 3038 Houston, Texas 77002 (71 3) 972-2232

PEPPARD-SOUDERS t~ ASSOCIATES--

GEOLOGY * ENGINEERING * GEOPHYSICS h

Dallas Denver Houston 1 Midland

geodafa SERVICE INC. 5603 Sourh Rice Avenue Houston. Texas 77081

<;. J . Long Paul Farren

Telephone 666-1741 Telex 79-2777

Geologists, Geophysists

Bill Sonne

INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE SEARCH CONSULTANTS

14760 Memorial Suite 301 Houston, Tx. 77079 Also Colorado Springs (303) 573-6398 Dick Troth

Resumes sent with consent

\

25

2001 Timerloch Place The Woodlands, Texas 77380 (71 3) 363-5500

An Equal Opportunity Employer Listed on the Amencan Stock Exchange

Ticker Symbol: MND

THE STONE OIL CORP. GULF COAST OIL & GAS EXPLORATION

3801 K/RBY DR/VE , S U I T E 544 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77098

KARL H. ARLETH 8. W. KIMMEY SAM G. OBOURN

(713) 5 2 6 - 8 7 3 4

NL Balloid Logging Systems reduce drilling costs. Baroid offers a wide range of logging services that reduce drilling costs, increase drilling efficiency and minimize drilling hazards. Baroid Logging Systems include Mud Logbing Service (MLS), Applied Drilling Technology (ADT), and Computerized Applied Drilling Technology (CADT).

MUD LOGGING SERVICE includes all the instruments and facilities needed to provide the following information: Baroid ppm LOG direct determi-

nation of methane and total gas in mud total combustible gas and methane in drill cuttings liquid hy- drocarbons (Cs,) in cuttings oil fluorescence in mud and cuttings drilling rate lithology record of

mud pit level drilling mud proper- ties * record of other data pertinent to drilling operations daily log of all data composite log of data on com- pletion of well all equipment housed either in a skid-mounted doghouse or trailer.

APPLIED DRILLING TECHNOLOGY provides all of the information obtained in Baroid's Mud Logging Service and adds the equipment and experienced personnel to make pore pressure and drilling efficiency recommendations including: pore pressure, frac gradients, running speeds, and hydraulics factors. Baroid's ADT, utilizing the latest instrumentation and automatic recording devices, detects and plots: "d" exponent (normalized drill- ing rate) * connection gas * casing fill-up during trips pump pressure casing pressure mud weight and viscosity shale density shale fac- tor - intercom with driller.

Your Baroid Logging Systems representative can help you select the service best suited to your needs. NL BaroidINL Industries, Inc., PO. Box 1675, Houston, Texas 77001. (713) 527-1100.

SIERRA PRODUCTION COMPANY

1400 Capi ta l N a t i o n a l Bank Bldg. Houston, Texas 77002

B y r o n F. Dyer James P. Blackstone

COMPUTERIZED APPLIED DRILLING TECHNOLOGY provides all of the information obtained in Baroid's MLS and ADT Services and utilizes an on board computer to monitor drilling and mud system param- eters, analyze and provide alarms on abnormal conditions, record data on tape for historcal records, dis- play data on CRT and print com- plete reports, perform complex cal- culations to derive pore pressures, ECD, delta chlorides, cuttings slip velocity, "what if" hydraulics, surge and swab pressures, and many other on line parameters and off line user programs.

GeoQuest International, Inc. EXPLORATION CONSULTANTS SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

4605 Post Oak Place, Suite 130, Houston, Texas 77027 Telephone 71 31627-7180 Telex: 91 0 881 4408

Affiliated with J. R Butler and Company and GeoQuest Exploration, Inc.

9r TELEWNE EXPLORATION

5825 Chlrnney Rock Road P 0 Box 36269

Houston Texas 77036.713/666-2561

Ofttces M~dlandINew OrleansIDenverlCalgarylCaracas

Q U A L I T Y T H I N S E C T I O N S S I N C E 1962

N A T I O N A L

PETROGRAPHIC SERVICE

7 0 0 1 -H MULLINS (7 13) 66 1 - 1884

HOUSTON, T E X A S 7 7 0 8 1

CORPUS CHRIST1 884-0683

VICTORIA 573-4202

HEBBRONVILLE 527-4051

COTULLA 879-241 1

CARRIZO SPRINGS 876-5217

SAN ANTONIO 824-6081

THANKS TO ALL OUR MANY CUSTOMERS AND FRIENDS, WE HAVE WORKED MORE THAN 28,000 JOBS SINCE 1955. MAKING US NUMERO UNO IN THE SOUTH TEXAS AREA.

IF IT HAS ANYTHING TO DO WITH "CORE OR WATER ANALYSIS", CORE SERVICE, INC., AND IT'S EMPLOYEES WILL CONTINUE TO STRIVE TO FURNISH UNEXCELLED SERVICE, EXPERIENCE AND DEPENDABILITY TO THE ENERGY INDUSTRY AT LESS COST.

Craig Ferris,. PRES.

1437 South Main St. Tulsa, Okla. 74119

91 8 / 5853333

HOUSTON OIL 8 MINERALS CORPORATION

a divemified natural resource company

1100 Louisiana S t r e e t , H o u s t o n , T e x a s 77002

AMERICAN PROSPECTORS, INC. 1220 SOUTHWEST TOWER HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002

(71 3) 650-0451

Gary E. Morrison, Chairman

Tom E. Purcell, President

Raymond C. Blakely

Robert C. Pace

David A. Pustka

Jerry D. Sloane Linda L. Smith

OIL & GAS INDUSTRY PROFESSIONAL There Are No "Shortages" of Career Opportunities!

Why choose Joseph Chris to find the right career choice? Our Professional C consider these unmatched options!

CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . .with key executives and h m g managers avo~ding the corporate personnel paper shuffle.

CONVENIENCE . . . . . . .no need to waste your valuable t m e In an often fruitless effort Our profess~onal approach allows you to concentrate on your current dut~es, and still enjoy your leisure tme.

CAREER OPTIONS . . . . .w~th our spec~al~zed approach, we are able to respond on a quant~tat~ve bas~s w~thout sacrlflclng the most demandmg parameters

CONFIDENTIALITY . . . . .we fully appreciate this requ~rementl We exerclse a d~screet approach by qualifying your Interest prlor to presentatlons to companies

I Contact Jasper Jeter

GeoQuest Exploration, Inc. S E I S M I C DATA A C Q U I S I T I O N

4605 Post Oak Place, Suite 130, Houston, Texas 77027 Telephone 71 31627-7180 Telex: 910 881 4408

Affiliated with J . R. Butler and Company and GeoQuest International, Inc.

NEW MEMBERS AYER. CHINA 0 . Geologist-Explorat~on Amoco Production Co. P. 0 . Box 3092 Houston. Tx. 77001 652-5222

BARCAS, KESTUTIS S. Geologist Phillips Petroleum Co. P. 0 . Box 1967 Houston, Tx. 77001 669-3436

BARKES. JAMES M. Geolog~st Moran Explorat~on Inc. 400 Wilco Bldg. Midland. Tx. 79701 684-7161

BICKLEY. JOHN A Petroleum Geolog~st Aminoil USA Inc P. 0 . Box 94193 Houston, Tx. 77018 827-5532

BOZANICH. RICHARD G Staff Geologist Amoco Production Co. P 0 B m 3092 Houston. Tx 77001 652-2310

CYN. MAUREEN Geologist Cmes Serv~ce Co. P 0 Box 642 Houston. Tx. 77001 683-2370

DOUGHERTY. PATRICK B Assoc. Geologst Sun Product~on Co 7887 Katy Frwy Houston. Tx. 77024 680-4600

EVERETT. JOHN R V~ce Pres /Chtef Geologist Earth Satell~te Corp 7222 47 St Bethesda. M d 2001 5 652-71 30

FERGUSON. JOHN PAUL Geologist Hagen. C V. & Assoc. P. 0 Box 27506 Houston. Tx 77027 960-0793

FORD, JOHN W. Logging Analyst Continental Laborator~es P. 0. Box 218310 Houston. Tx 77218 492-6330

GAGNON. WILLIAM P Geologist Conoco Inc. P 0 Box 21 97 - CAGC Houston. Tx 77001 965-3433

GILKISON. MARY K Geolog~st First Energy Corp. One Allen Center #605 Houston. Tx. 77002 759-071 5

GODFREY. LARRY W. Reservoir Geologist Columbia Gas Development Corp. P. 0. Box 1350 Houston, Tx. 77001 626-8090

GREEN. STEPHEN N. Geolog~st Southland Royalty Co. 5251 Westheimer #400 Houston. Tx. 77056 629-8340

GRETHEN. BRUCE L. Geologist Texaco Inc. P. 0. Box 430 BOB-E730 Bellawe. Tx. 77401 6 6 6 - 0 0

HAMPTON. GARY L Geologist Champlin Petroleum Co. Two Allen Center # I900 Houston, Tx. 77002 654-2692

HAYNES. JASPER M. Geologist Cities Serv~ce Co P 0 Box 642 Houston. Tx 77001

HUSSAIN. MOlZ U Geolog~st Southwestern Gulf Explorat~on 13101 Northwest Frwy. 11320 Houston. Tx. 77040 939-7799

IRELAND. JARREllE t. Sr Project Geologtst Woodward-Clyde Consultants 7330 Westview Dr Houston, Tx. 77055 688-91 11

KLOTZ. DEAN RICHARD Geologist-Explorat~on Conoco Inc. P. 0 Box 2197 #830 Houston. Tx 77001 965-3665

LANIK. CHARLENE G Geolog~st Getty Oil Co. 6750 W. Loop S. Bellaire. Tx 77401 668-8400

LECLER. JEANNE D. Jr. Geolog~st Sonat Explorat~on Co P 0 . Box 1513 Houston. Tx 77001 940-4058

LEVlE JR , DON S Geologist Ph~llips Petroleum Co P. 0 Box 1967 Houston, Tx. 77001 669-3436

LONG. GREGORY P Geologist Amoco Production Co P. 0 Box 3092 Houston. Tx 77001 652-5222

McCARTHY, THOMAS B. Geologist Champlin Petroleum Co. Two Allen Center #I900 Houston, Tx. 77002 654-2500

MIERS, JOHN H. Regional Geologist Amoco Production Co. P. 0 . Box 3092 Houston, Tx. 77001 652-5306

OLDANI. MARTIN J. Geologist First Energy Corp. of Miss. One A lkn Center #605 Houston. Tx. 77002 759-0715

PADGEll. DON G. J. Research Assoc. I Getty Oil Co. P 0. Box 42214 Houston. Tx. 77042 972-1749

PEARCE. NANCY J. Reservo~r Geologist Columbia Gas Development 1700 W Loop S. Houston. Tx. 77027 626-8090

SONNEBERG. FRANK P. Director - Exploration M~ch~gan Wisc P~pelme Co. 5075 Westhemer # I100 Houston. Tx. 77056 623-0300

SOUDERS. ROBERT P Gedoglst Ph~lllps Petroleum Co P 0 Box1967 Houston, Tx 77001 669-3666

SPENCE. BARBARA J. Geologist Getty Oil Co. 6750 W Loop S Bellaire. Tx. 77401 668-8400

STALEY. JACK W. Geophvs~cist C~ties Serv~ce Co. P. 0 . Box 27570 Houston, Tx. 77027 850-6212

SUMRALL. JERRY D. Gwlog~st Pennzoil Co. P 0 . Box 2967 Houston. Tx. 77001 236-7369

RINARD. RONALD E 01strct Development Mgr. Terra Resources Inc. 3800 Buffalo Spdwy. 11300 Houston, Tx 77098 960- 1040

ROSENFELD, JOSHUA H. Petroleum Geologist Ammo Production Co P. 0. Box 3092 Houston, Tx. 77001 652-5222

Editors Note: Ian D. Woollen's name was incorrectly spelled in the new members list of the December Bulletin.

SAMMIS. CATHERINE G. Geologist Amoco Product~on Co. P. 0 . Box 3092 Houston. tx. 77001 652-5222

SMITH. BARRY L. Assistant Geologist Hagen. C. V. & A m . P. 0 . Box 27506 Houston. Tx. 77027 960-0793

TAYLOR. JOHN F Sr Geologist Clties Service Co. Intl. P. 0 . Box 642 Houston. Tx. 77001 683-2348

THOMPSON. WKLIAM J. Independent 11 777 Katy Frwy. At Kirkwuod Houston. Tx. 77079 497-9553

VAN DELINOER, DONALD G Executtve Vice President Geochem Laboratories Inc.

Corp. 1143:C Brmmore Houston. Tx. 77043 467-701 1

VENDITTI. ANTHONY R. Project Geologist Ammo Production Co. P 0 . Box 3092 Houston. Tx. 77001 652-5222

VINOPAL, ROBERT J. Geologtst Getty 011 Co. P 0 Box 42214 Houston. Tx. 77042 972-1749

WASHINGTON, KENNETH W. General F~eld Engineer Schlumberger Well Services P.O. Box1118 Dayton. Tx. 77535 456-9057

WHALLON. ARTHUR J Geohydrologist Law Engineering & Testing 5500 Guhn Rd. Houston. Tx 77040 939-7161

WHITE, GARY W Geolog~st Getty 011 Co. 6750 W. L w p S. 11500 Bella~re, Tx. 77401 668-8400

WHITE. RICHARD J. Paleontologist Amoco Production Co. P. 0 Box 3092 Houston. Tx 77001 652-2371

WILKERSON. RICHARD PAUL Geologist Cittes Servtce Co. P. 0. Box 27570 Houston. Tx. 77027 850-631 2

NEW ASSOCIATE MEMBERS BENNETT. JAMES IVANJO Petroleum Landman Ret~red - Texaco P. 0 . Box 716 Ahef. Tx 7741 1 495-4718

BROWN, CHARLES W. District bndman Rudman Resources Inc. 81 1 Dallas #621 Americana Houston, Tx 77002 225-5448

DOVE, JUDITH L. Reporter Petroleum Information Corp. P. 0 . Box 1702 Houston. Tx. 77001 961-5660

GARCIA, RAYMOND T. Vice President Westmont Resources lnc T006 Main St. 111400 Houston. Tx 77002 650-0690

GORDON. DEBORAH G Geological A~de Cmes Serv~ce Co 5100 Southwest Frwy. Houston. Tx. 77027 850-6123

HACKETT. JAMES THOMAS Sales Representatwe Energy Resources Co.. Inc 7878 Grow Lane 11204 Houston, Tx. 77040 939-01 38

MOORE, CHARLES R Chairman of the Board Moore Oil & Gas Ventures 955 Oalry Ashford # I 1 2 Houston. Tx. 77079 870-0622

MOORE, MICHAEL R President Moore 011 & Gas Inc 955 Oalry Ashford # I12 Houston, Tx. 77079 870-0622

POPE. LOUIS H Reporter Petroleum Information Corp. P. 0 . Box 1702 Houston, Tx 77001 967-5660

SEALEY, WAYNE 0 Sales Representatwe Core Laboratories Inc 5295 Holltster Rd. Houston. Tx. 77040 460-9600

TREML, MARK S Assistant GeologlSt Geomap / Peppard & As-. 6001 Savoy Dr.. #200 Houston. Tx 77036 972-1018

VIGGERS. WALTER R Sr Geolog~cal Technician Conoco Inc P 0 Box 2197 Houston. Tx 77001 965-3045

VOGT JR . WILLIAM T Vice President-Market~ng Guardian Oil Co Two Allen Center #3540 Houston. Tx 77002 654-8976

VOLCELKA. FRANK J. Sr Reporter Petroleum lnformat~on Corp. P 0 Box 1702 Houston. Tx 77001 961 -5660

WILBANKS. CHARLES M Owner W~lbanks 011 & Gas 6001 Savoy 11205 Houston. Tx 77036 780-1 267

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONTINUING EDUCATION

Pre-registration Application

THE ORIGIN OF THE GULF OF MEXICO: A SYMPOSIUM

Convened By Rex Pilger

February 19-20, 1981 Exxon Building Auditorium 1-5 pm/8:30-I 2 am

Name

Company Phone

Address

Preregistration Students $1 0 . 0 0 Members $25.00

Registration at door: Students $1 5 .OO Members $30.00

MAlL CHECK TO: Houston Geological Society 691 6 Ashcroft Houston, Texas 77081

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONTINUING EDUCATION

Pre-registration Application

ATLANTIC SYMPOSIUM

March 19-20,1981 Exxon Building Auditorium 1-5 pm/8:30-I 2 am

Name

Company Phone

Address

Preregistration Students $10.00 Members $25 .OO

Registration at door: Students $1 5 .OO Members $30.00

MAlL CHECK TO: Houston Geological Society 691 6 Ashcroft Houston, Texas 77081

Logistic and Product Utilization Studies

Contact: R O U E HARORAVES

5295 Mollister Road, Houston, TX 77040 (713) 460-9600

lhrlyrrs and Evaluation S M V k

Conventional Core Analysis Sidewall Core Analysis Special Core Analysis Reservoir Fluid Analysis Gas Analysis Hydrocarbon Source-Bed and

Geochemical Evaluation

Enginwing and Consulbing

Reservoir Engineering Studies Reservoir Simulation Studies Enhanced Recovery Processes Geological Services Reserve and Evaluation Studies Drilling and Production Services Computing and Software Services

Contact: Milton Craft

Computerized and Conventional 4 ~rocarbanwel loggmg

Contact: Peter Rutledge

SERVING THE TEXAS GULF COAST WITH COMPLETE OPEN HOLE SERVICES

REGIONAL OFFICE

Houston 7131931-7992

DISTRICT OFFICES:

Conroe 71 3153Q-3151 Bryan 71 W75-0728 Victoria 51 2/57-24 Corpus Christi 5121883-2884

I BULK RATE I I U. S. POSTAGE I

P A I D Houton, Texas Permit No. 8264

bboratories Hydrocarbon Well Logging

16830 Barker Springs Road, #407 Houston, Texas 77084 (71 3) 492-6330

Lawrence C. Metzler, Opentioms Manager John N. Grissett, Rearonal Mwager