how are island bird impacted by
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How are Is an B r
AlienAlien
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Predation by alien animals has been amajor cause of 42% of island birdextinctions
Endangers 40% of currently threatened
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Most species
introduced into anew habitat arefailures
10s rule-
10% introduction
succeed and 10%of those species
that succeed
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3 Factors thatFacilitate Invasions
more (or better)resources
Less (or less efficient)natural enemies
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Effects
1) plant populations (change
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Effects
change bird resource exploitation
competition- (out gathering)
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Effects
parasites
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Effects
Hunt and Kill native birds
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ss important Effects
)hybridization-nope
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Similarly, small vertebrates may nothave learned to hide their sounds,odors, or their shelters
Do know that they should flee frompredators or to defend their young
Flightless birds
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Build up numbers quickly beyond K
Crash
Build up again
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Apples were a more usefulmonitoring tool and detected thepresence of rats in seabird nesting
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bi i f
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combinations ofintroducedspecies
( e.g. islands withrats and catsversus islands
with cats) 14th century
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Before the rats wereeradicated Corys
Shearwater breedingwas low in the Northpeninsula compared toother parts of the
Lavezzi Mediterranean
archipelago
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Ship Rats
Introduced to the area inthe 14th century
Recognized as a leading
cause of extinction of localpopulations
Were exterminated in 2000
Rats are likely to swimbetween main island andislets
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Rats Can Swim
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Introduced mice onGough Island often feedon the chicks from two
species
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Mice Eat Bird
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Ground nesting gooseChloephaga picta
tree-cavity nesting thorn
tailed rayadiotAphrastura spinicauda
southern house wrenTrogolodytes musculus
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Several ground nesting species live there
Bird consumption was higher during thesummer when 58.5% of the scatscontained bird remains
Birds were a large part of the minks diet
Because there are no terrestrial mammalian
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Because there are no terrestrial mammalianpredators native to Navarino Island many birdspecies have evolved ground-nesting strategies
Under these circumstances invasive mammalian
predators are particularly damaging
Mink vs Coots & Moorhens
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Mink vs Coots & Moorhens
11% energy
30 to 51% of adults lost and 46 to 79% of
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Works Cited
Ferreras, P. & MacDonald, DW (1999) The Impact ofAmerican mink Mustela vison on water birds in theupper Thames. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36, 701-708.
Jaksic, F., Iriate, A., Jimenez, J. & Martinez, D. (2002)
Invaders without frontiers: cross-border invasions ofexotic mammals. Biological Invasions, 4, 153-173. Drever, Mark C (2004) Capture Rates of Norway Rats
(Rattus Norvegicus) In a Seabird Colony: A Caveat ForInvestigators. Northwestern Naturalist 85, 111-117.
Howald G, et al (2007) Invasive rodent eradication onislands. Conserv Biol 21:1258-1268.
Abdelkrim, J., Pascal, M., & Samadi, S., (2009) Geneticstructure and functioning of alien ship rat populationsfrom a Corsican micro-insular complex. Biol Invasions,11, 473-482.
Ibarra Jose T., et al (2009) Invasive American mink
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More work citedn n- i ntifi
(2006)Bubonic plague kills mountainlions in Wyo. MSNBC.www.msnbc.com
(2009) Species used in ResearchThe humanes Society.http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_resea
Inkrat773 (2007) CarnivorousMice eating Baby Birds Alive.
Youtube www. outube.com
http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/species_used_in_research/cat.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/species_used_in_research/cat.html