how bioethical standpoints influence biomedical decisions robert arp, ph.d. ontology research group...
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How Bioethical How Bioethical Standpoints Influence Standpoints Influence Biomedical DecisionsBiomedical Decisions
Robert Arp, Ph.D.Ontology Research Group (ORG)
www.org.buffalo.eduNational Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO)
www.bioontology.org
This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Biomedical Research, Grant 1 U 54 HG004028.Information on the National Centers for Biomedical Computing can be found at: http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/bioinformatics.
See: Biomedical Ethics Ontology http://libweb.lib.buffalo.edu/dokuwiki/hslwiki/doku.php?id=bioethics_ontology
Contributors:
Peter WinkelsteinDavid KoepsellAndrea OttRobert Arp
(There will be a lot of categorization of Biomedical Ethics-related entities and principles in this talk, derived from thinking about a Biomedical Ethics Ontology)
DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS
In this talk, I will primarily be doing:
DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS
ABOUT
BIOETHICAL STANDPOINT
BIOMEDICAL DECISION
METAETHICS
NORMATIVE ETHICS
APPLIED ETHICSGROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
METAETHICS
NORMATIVE ETHICS
APPLIED ETHICSGROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
Metaphysical Status of Moral Norms/Entities: What one believes exists “out there” in reality—god, nature, minds,
matter and motion, nothing—that is the source of morality.
Various Moral Theories: Religious Ethics, Natural Law Ethics, Egoism, Relativism, Utilitarianism, Kantian-
Based Deontology, Virtue Ethics
Applied Ethics: Business Ethics, Legal Ethics, Cyberethics, Bioethics, Medical Ethics…
Biomedical Ethics
GROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
God exists… Nature is supreme… Humans with reason are central in the universe… The biosphere is sacred…
There is nothing outside of this bleak existence…
Priest says so… It’s unnatural… It’s cowardly… It’s not in our best interest… It’s unjust…
Why?
I decided not to do X… I made the practical decision to do Y…
Why?
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s)
Some set of principles (implicit or explicit)
What we doGROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
More Simply
Another Way to Visualize This (Top-Down)…
GROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
What’s your evidence for this, Rob?
- Psychological, Anthropological, Sociological, Religious, and Ethics journals and books- Testimonies resulting from more than 15 years of teaching adults and young adults general ethics, business ethics, biomedical ethics, world religions, and Catholic morality courses- 9 years of ministry in the Catholic seminary (high school, college, and grad school) at hospitals, nursing homes, half-way houses, homes for the mentally disabled, and other ministerial experiences- Years of in-depth conversations with people “getting to the bottom” as to why they act or do not act
SCHOLARLY WORKS See, for example:
- J. Fieser (Ed.), Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics (Wadsworth, 1999).- A. Miller, An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics (Cambridge, 2003).- C. Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity (Cambridge, 1996).- M. Smith, The Moral Problem (Blackwell, 1994).- R. Shafer-Landau (Ed.), Oxford Studies in Metaethics: Volume I (Oxford, 2006).- T. Horgan & M. Timmons (Eds.), Metaethics after Moore (Oxford, 2006).- J. Jacobs, Dimensions of Moral Theory: An Introduction to Metaethics and Moral Psychology (Blackwell, 2002).
- The Journal of Ethics - Ethics- Ethics and Behavior - Journal of Clinical Ethics- Bioethics - Journal of Religious Ethics- Sociology - Journal of Sociology- Cultural Studies - Journal of Cultural Studies
Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s)
Some set of principles (implicit or explicit)
What we doGROUNDED IN
GROUNDED IN
More Simply
Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s)
God exists… Nature is supreme… Humans with reason are central in the universe… The biosphere is sacred…
There is nothing outside of this bleak existence…
Metaphysical Status of Moral Norms/Entities: What one believes exists “out there” in reality—god, nature, minds,
matter and motion, nothing—that is the source of morality.