how can they be typified? trajectories of delinquent behaviour of institutionalized girls....
TRANSCRIPT
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HOW CAN THEY BE TYPIFIED?
Trajectories of delinquent behaviour of institutionalized girls.
September, 2008European Society of Criminology
Thessa WongVU University Amsterdam
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Overview of Presentation
MethodsTrajectoriesType of offences in each of the trajectoriesType of girls in each of the trajectoriesConclusion
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MethodsWho are the girls?
Harreveld: juvenile justice institution in The Netherlands
Residential treatment Discharged Jan. ’92 – Dec. ’95Minimal length of stay: 2 monthsComplete treatment dossier= 147 girls
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MethodsWhat is measured?
Judicial documentationAge: 12 – 33 (March, 2008)Dossier variables
Psychological factors (intelligence, personality, disorders) Substance abuse Family factors (criminal models, parental neglect,
divorce) Peer factors (delinquent friends, contact with peers)
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Analyses
Group based trajectory models Maximum likelihood estimation
Cross-tabs
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Trajectories4 group model
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f O
ffen
ces
Adolescence Limited
Low Desistance
High Desistance
Late Onset
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TrajectoriesAdolescent Limited (42.9%)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f O
ffen
ces
Adolescence Limited
Low Desistance
High Desistance
Late Onset
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TrajectoriesLow Desistance (45.6%)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f O
ffen
ces
Adolescence Limited
Low Desistance
High Desistance
Late Onset
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TrajectoriesHigh Desistance (7.5%)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f O
ffen
ces
Adolescence Limited
Low Desistance
High Desistance
Late Onset
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TrajectoriesLate Onset (4.1%)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f O
ffen
ces
Adolescence Limited
Low Desistance
High Desistance
Late Onset
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Type of OffencesAdolescent Limited (42.9%)
63 girlsCommited 4.1% (27) of total offences 74.1% property offenses 11.1% violent offenses11.1% public order
0
0, 5
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1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of OffencesLow Desistance (45.6%)
67 girlsCommitted 38.3% (251) of all offenses 36.3% property offences18.7% violent offences (committed by
40%)12% public order offenceMore drugs offences than other
groupsMore traffic offences than other
groups
0
0, 5
1
1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of OffencesHigh Desistance (7.5%)
11 girlsCommitted 35% (229) of all offenses49.3% property offences12.7% violent offences14.8% public order offencesMore weapon use than other groups
0
0, 5
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1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of OffencesLate Onset (4.1%)
6 girlsCommitted 22.6% (148) of total
offenses54.1% property offences 9.5% violent offences 6.1% public order offences
0
0, 5
1
1, 5
2
2, 5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
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Type of GirlsIn general
Highly neuroticHighly impulsiveHighly thrill seeking80% depressedAround 9% attempted suicideAround 65% used drugsNot many alcohol abusers30-45% sexual abusedOnly 3 girls normal parent-child relationship
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Type of GirlsAdolescent Limited (42.9%)
Average intelligenceLow self-esteem 2/3 problems with aggression
regulationBetter social skills than girls other
groups 1/3 personality disorder (MOST)
Less negative life events Moderate contact with peers57.1% delinquent friends18% from divorced family
0
0, 5
1
1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of GirlsAdolescent Limited (42.9%)
In combination with offending behaviour
Individual and environmental factors least problematic for this group
And so is delinquent behaviour Personality disorders
0
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2, 5
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Type of GirlsLow Desistance (45.6%)
Average intelligenceLow self-esteem2/3 problems with aggression regulationBad to very bad social skillsAlmost no girls with personality disorder
Many negative life events (less than HD)Bad to moderate contact with peers 69% delinquent friends37% from divorced family
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0, 5
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1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of GirlsLow Desistance (45.6%)
In combination with offending behaviour:
Individual and environmental factors quite problematic, but
Minor delinquent behaviourExcept violent behaviourThreshold?
0
0, 5
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1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of Girls High Desistance (7.5%)
Low intelligent 100% problems with regulating
aggressionVery bad social skillsVery low self esteem
Very bad contact with peers ¾ delinquent friends100% experienced negative life
events36% from divorced family
0
0, 5
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1, 5
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2, 5
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Type of Girls High Desistance (7.5%)
In combination with offending behaviour
Most ‘typical’ delinquentsProfile similar to Low Desisters, but
more negativeHowever, big difference in frequency
of offendingThreshold
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2, 5
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Type of Girls Late Onset (4.1%)
High intelligent Low self esteemNot really good social skillsNo personality disorders
Delinquent friendsRelatively little negative life eventsNo really good contact with peersNo divorce
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1
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2, 5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
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Type of Girls Late Onset (4.1%)
In combination with offending behaviour
More difficult to typify because of small n
Relatively little risk factorsHigh impressionable?
0
0, 5
1
1, 5
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
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Conclusion
Clearly different groups of girlsMost girls do not cause a lot of problems
(88%!)Correct expectation recidivism by institution