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AAAA Education Foundation 1

How can you go?

Objective - Explain LTA Regulations from:

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations(a/k/a Federal Aviation Regulations [FAR])

Title 49 of the Code of Federal RegulationsPart 830 – Incident & Accident Reporting

Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

Updates to the FAR/AIM Changes affecting the regulations can

take place daily The AIM Changes every 6 months Updates are posted on the ASA website

http://www.asa2fly.com/farupdate Sign up for updates to be emailed to

you FAA website www.faa.gov to review

Advisory Circulars (AC)AAAA Education Foundation 2


Goals Try to make it A Learning

Experience

To keep everyone Engaged for the next 7,200 seconds

Review with you the Parts of 14 CFR, AIM, NTSB info that relates to you & your pilot certificate.


Four 14 CFRs for Flying –One 49 CFR for things gone badA Partial Summary of the 470+ Pages of the Regulations -

(for Those Who Have Trouble Falling Asleep!)

14 Part 1: General Definitions, Abbreviations, Symbols and Rules of Construction

14 Part 43: Maintenance & Preventative Maintenance

14 Part 61: Certification - Pilots & Instructors 14 Part 91: General Operating & Flight Rules 49 Part 830: Accident & Incident Reporting

Part 1 Definitions & Abbreviations

1.1 - General Definitions1.2 - Abbreviations & Symbols1.3 - Rules of Construction

“Shall” is used in the imperative sense (action). “May” is used in an permissive sense to state

authority or permission to do the act prescribed. “Includes” means “includes but is not limited

to”.



General Definitions

Administrator *Aircraft *Balloon **Category Ceiling **Class Commercial Operator Controlled Airspace Crewmember

Flight Time Maintenance Night Operate Pilotage Pilot in Command Preventive

Maintenance Rating **Type


General Definitions

AIRCRAFT

A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air


General Definitions

BALLOON

A Lighter-Than-Air aircraft that is not engine-driven, and that sustains flight through the use of either gas buoyancy or an airborne heater.


General Definitions

BALLOON = AIRCRAFT

WHENEVER you read the word aircraft in the text of a regulation – that regulation applies to balloons.


Definitions

With respect to the certification, ratings, privileges and limitations of the airman

Categories are: airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air

Class are by similar operating characteristics:single engine, multiengine, land, water, gyroplane, helicopter, airship, free balloon


Definitions

With respect to the certification of aircraft

Categories are grouped based upon intended use:transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, provisional

Class are by similar operating characteristics of propulsion, flight, landing:airplane, rotorcraft, glider, balloon, landplane, seaplane


Categories of Aircraft / Airman

Aircraft Airman

Category Normal, Transport, Utility, Acrobatic, Limited Restricted, Provisional

Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-air

Class airplane, rotorcraft glider, balloon, land plane, seaplane

airship, free balloon; single engine, multi engine; land, water

Type Aerostar RX-8, Cameron C80 Airplanes DC7, DC10


Abbreviations

AGL- Above Ground Level ATC- Air Traffic Control FAA- Federal Aviation

Administration IFR- Instrument Flight Rules MSL- Mean Sea Level VFR- Visual Flight Rules


Rules of Construction for 14 CFR

“Shall - Is used in an imperative sense.”

“May - Is used in a permissive sense to state authority or permissions to do the act prescribed.”

“Includes - Means included but not limited to.”


Part 43 Maintenance/ Preventive Maintenance

Maintenance – Inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation and the replacement of parts - excludes preventive maintenance.

Preventive Maintenance – Simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small parts not involving complex assembly operations.


14 CFR 43.3 (g) Preventive Maintenance

The holder of a pilot certificate issued under Part 61 may perform preventive maintenance on any aircraft owned or operated by that pilot which is NOT used under PART 121, 129, or 135 of this chapter.


14 CFR 43.9 Maintenance Record Entries

Description of work performed

Completion date

Name, signature, certificate number, and type of certificate of person approving the work

i.e. Replaced batteries in flight instruments on February 20, 2007. John Doe, Commercial Pilot #2750055.

14 CFR 43.17 Preventive Maintenance

The owner or operator of an aircraft holds primary responsibility for Maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy

condition. Having required inspections performed Ensures that maintenance personnel

make required eteries in the aircraft maintenance records – approved to return to serive.



Appendix A to Part 43 (c) Preventive maintenance

7. …making of small fabric repairs to envelopes not requiring load tape repair or replacement.

In accordance with balloon manufactures instructions

9. Refinishing decorative coating of balloon baskets.

10. Applying preservative or protective material to components where no disassembly is involved.

11. Repairing decorative furnishings of balloon basket interior….


More Preventive Maintenance

22. Replacing prefabricated fuel lines.24. Replacing and servicing batteries.25. Cleaning of balloon burner pilot light

and main nozzles ….In accordance with balloon manufactures instructions

27. The interchange of balloon baskets and burners on envelopes when they are designated as interchangeable in balloon type certificate data.


Part 61Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors

A- General B- Aircraft Ratings & Pilot

Authorizations C- Students E- Private Pilots F- Commercial Pilots


61.15 Offenses Involving Drugs or Alcohol

Denial of an application for any certificate rating for up to 1 year after the date of a conviction for the violation

Suspension or revocation of a certificate

Must notify FAA of conviction of the violation within 60 days (written report)


61.16 Refusal to Submit to Alcohol Test or to Furnish Results

Denial of an application for any certificate rating for up to 1 year the date of such refusal

Suspension or revocation of certification


61.19 Duration of Certificates

Student Certificate good up to For balloon - 60 calendar after the month of the date

issued

Temporary Certificate good up to 120 days

Permanent Certificate good up to No specific expiration date


61.23(b)(2) Medical Certificates

You are not required to hold a medical certificate for lighter-than-air category airman certificate.

you only have to certify that you have no medical defect that would make you unable to pilot a glider or balloon.

If flying outside the U.S., then a 3rd class medical is required. (ICAO Rule)

International Civil Aviation Organization


61.25 Change of Name

To obtain a new airman certificate that reflects a legal name change, you must appear at an FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for positive identification

You must present to an FAA Inspector either a: Court order, photocopy of marriage license or other valid legal document

name change

Current Airman certificate Court order, marriage certificate Submitted to an FSDO

1601 Randolph Rd. SE, (505) 764-1200

Can it be submitted on line? No


61.35 Knowledge Test Prerequisites

Endorsement for the written test From authorized instructor

Ground training Home study

Proper ID Photo Signature Date of birth


61.39 & 61.43Practical Testing Requirements

Passed knowledge test within 24 months Satisfactorily accomplish required training Meet age and language requirement Have endorsement by authorized instructor Have a completed and signed application Complete practical test within 60 days after

date the practical test was discontinued


61.49 Retesting After Failure

Received necessary training from an authorized instructor

Received an endorsement from the same authorized instructor that gave the training


61.51 Pilot Logbooks

Training time & aeronautical experience Includes date, time, description of

training or aeronautical experiences required for certificate, rating, flight review, or recent flight experience

For training, need endorsement by instructor with his/her certification number

Must present required documents to Administrator, NTSB, Federal, State or local law enforcement officer.


61.56 Flight Review

One hour of flight training One hour of ground training Above given within 24 months before

the month in which the pilot acts as Pilot-in-Command

Flight Rules Part 91 Review maneuvers and procedures

Must be given in an aircraft rated for Must have proper endorsement in

logbook


Trivia Question

Does the satisfactorily completion of one of the levels of the FAA sponsored pilot proficiency award program (WINGS) qualify for a flight review? Yes

14 CFR 61.56(e)


61.57Recent Flight Experience

Three takeoffs and landings within preceding 90 days

If not current, can not carry passengers Must be in the category and class

aircraft you are flying Category – Lighter-than-air Class – Free balloon

Must be the sole manipulator of the controls of the aircraft


61.60 Change of Address

Within 30 days of the change Written notification to:

FAA Airman Certificate Branch P.O. Box 25082Oklahoma City, OK 73125

Can be submitted on line Create account on FAA, Login in, do it


Student Pilot

Eligibility 61.83 Be at least 14 years of age Read, speak, write, and understand the

English language

Student Pilot Certificates 61.85 Obtain from Flight Standards District Office Or from Designated Pilot Examiners

Do you need a student pilot certificate to take training? No 24 months good for


61.87 Solo Requirements

Written exam from instructor on: Applicable sections of Parts 61 & 91 Airspace rules and procedures for where

solo will occur Flight characteristics and operational

limitations of aircraft to use on solo flight Review all incorrect answers with

student prior to solo


61.87(k) Pre-Solo Requirements

Layout and assembly Proper flight

preparation Ascents and descents Landing and recovery Emergency

procedures

Operation of hot air source

Use of deflation valves Effects of wind on

climb and approaches Obstruction detection

and avoidance


61.87(n) & 61.89 Limitations on Student Pilots

No solo flight without proper endorsements Endorsement on Student Pilot Certificate

What if your “student” holds a Private Pilot Certificate? Make & model endorsement from authorized

instructor Endorsement in student’s logbook Endorsement good for 90 days

PASSENGER CARRYING IS PROHIBITED


61.103 Private Pilot Eligibility

Be at least 16 years of age for Glider or Balloon

Able to read, speak, write and understand English

Pass Aeronautical Knowledge (written) Test Received a logbook endorsement from an

authorized instructor for Aeronautical knowledge 61.105 Flight proficiency 61.107(b)(8) Aeronautical experience 61.109(h)(1) or (2)


61.105 Pvt Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge

Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations Accident reporting requirements of the NTSB Use of Aeronautical Information Manual

(AIM) and Advisory Circulars (AC) Aeronautical charts and VFR navigation Radio communications Weather Safe and efficient operations of aircraft Aeronautical decision making & judgment


61.107(b)(8) Private Pilot Flight Proficiency

Preflight preparation Preflight procedures Airport operations Launch and landings Performance maneuvers Navigation Emergency operations Post-flight procedures


61.109(h)(2)Pvt Pilot Aeronautical Experience

10 hours of flight training Six training flights Two training flights of 1 hr each

within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test

One solo flight At least 1 flight involved a controlled

ascent to 2,000 ft. above launch site


61.113Private Pilot Limitations

Can not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire

No charitable rides unless you have 500 hours and do lots of paper work (READ § 91.146 (b)(9)) – ?! ?! ?!

Event that raises money for the benefit of a charitable organization recognized by Dept of Transportation.


61.123 Commercial Pilot Eligibility

Be at least 18 years of age Able to read, speak, write and

understand English Pass Aeronautical Knowledge (written)

Test Received a logbook endorsement from

an authorized instructor for Aeronautical knowledge 61.125 Flight proficiency 61.127(b)(8) Aeronautical experience 61.129(h)


61.125 & 61.127Aeronautical Knowledge & Flight Proficiency

Basically same as for Private Pilot EXCEPT Commercial LTA Pilots must also know

Fundamentals of Instructing


61.129(h) Com Pilot Aeronautical Experience At least 35 hours of flight time (some require

more) 20 hours in balloons 10 flights 2 flights as PIC

10 hrs of flight training 10 training flights 2 training flights of 1 hr within 2 calendar

months preceding the month of the test 2 solo flights 1 flight involving a controlled ascent to

3,000’ above the launch site


61.133Com Pilot Privileges and Limitations

May act as PIC carrying persons or property for compensation or hire

Give flight and ground training Give endorsements for pilot certification

with a balloon rating Endorse student certificate & logbook

for solo balloon flights Give flight reviews, both ground and

flight time, and do endorsements


61.189Flight Instructor Records

Instructor must sign logbook after giving instruction (flight or ground) State tasks or elements of lesson accomplished Sign name and certificate number

Instructor must maintain records of instruction With name, date, and endorsements given

(solo, written exam, flight exam) Instructors shall retain records for 3 years


Part 91General Operation & Flight Rules A- General Rules B- Flight Rules C- Equipment, Instrument and Certificate Requirements E- Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance and Alterations

Note: SFAR special Federal Aviation Regulations


91.3 Responsibility and Authority of the Pilot in Command

Directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of the aircraft

In an emergency may deviate from any rule to meet that emergency A PIC deviates from a rule shall, upon

request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator


91.7 Aircraft Airworthiness

No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition

PIC is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight

PIC shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy…conditions occur


91. 13 Careless or Reckless Operation

No person may operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.

You cannot afford ($$$) to have this on your airman record!


91. 15 Dropping Objects

No PIC of a civil aircraft may allow any object to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property.


91.17 Alcohol and Drugs

No person may act or attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft

Person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during flight time.

Aircraft moves under own power within 8 hrs after consumption of any alcoholic

beverage while under the influence of alcohol while using any drug that affect the person’s

faculties in any way contrary to safety while having .04 percent by weight or more of

alcohol in the blood

Check 91.17 (b) allow person who appears; to be carried


91.21 Portable Electronic Devices

Cell phones are not prohibited by 14 CFR, but are by the FCC


91.103 Preflight Action

Each PIC before beginning a flight shall become familiar with all available information concerning that flight.

Weather during flight (even landing)


91.111 Formation Flying

No person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create

a collision hazard in formation flight except by

arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft in formation

carrying passengers for hire in formation flight

and then, there’s FIESTA!


91.113 Right-of-Way Rules

An aircraft in distress has the right-of-way over all other air traffic

Unless the aircraft are of different categories - the aircraft to the right has the right-of-way. If aircraft are of different categories -

Balloon has right-of-way over any other category Glider has right-of-way over an airship, airplane, or rotorcraft Airship has right-of-way over airplane or rotorcraft Aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft has right-of-way

over all other engine driven aircraft

Aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way and the pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to pass well clear of the other aircraft


Larger

Version

Is in

Student

Notebook at end of slides


91.119 Minimum Safe Altitude

An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property

Over congested areas an altitude of 1,000 ft above & 2,000 ft horizontally from highest obstacle

Over other than congested areas, an altitude of 500 ft above surface and in sparsely populated area, not closer than 500 feet from any person, structure, or vehicle


91.123 ATC Instructions

When ATC clearance has been obtained no PIC may deviate unless: Amended clearance is obtained Emergency Collision avoidance


91.125 ATC Light Signals

Will be covered in presentation on airport operations


91.126 - 91.131 Air Space(covered in other section of ground school)


91.133Restricted & Prohibited Areas

No person may operate an aircraft within a restricted or prohibited area without permission Prohibited areas are the White House

and where the President is FAR 91.141

NOTAMs issued for flight restrictions closed to areas visited or traveled by President, VP, other public figures


91.137Temporary flight restrictions

The Administrator will issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)

Designate area of flight restrictions The time of the flight restrictions No one can operate an aircraft in

the designated area unless aircraft is carrying event personnel?

Check out this one more


91.141 – 91.145Other flight restrictions

NOTAMs are also issued for -

President, Vice President, other public figures Space operations High barometric pressure conditions Aerial demonstrations and major sporting

events 91.145 (a)(9) of this section lists Fiesta

Still called Kodak Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta


91.146(b)(9) Charitable Flights

Private Pilots must have 500 hours of flight time for airplanes or helicopters

No references to balloons or gliders


91.151 Fuel Requirements – Airplanes & Helicopters

Enough fuel to fly to first point of intended landing and at least 30 minutes after that during the day Under IFR requirements, need fuel for

45 minutes of additional flight time. These requirements DO NOT APPLY

Balloons or (strangely) Gliders


91.155Basic VFR Weather Minimums

Class B 3 statute miles

Clear of clouds

Class C 3 statute miles

500’ below, 1,000’ above, 2,000’ horizontal

Class D 3 statute miles

500’ below, 1,000’ above, 2,000’ horizontal

Class E<10,000’>10,000’

3 statute miles5 statute miles

500’ below, 1,000’ above, 2,000’ horizontal1,000’ below, 1,000’ above, 1 statute mile

Glass G<1,200’ day>1,200’ day

>10,000’

1 statute mile1 statute mile

5 statute miles

Clear of clouds500’ below, 1,000’ above, 2,000’ horizontal

1,000’ below, 1,000’ above, 1 statute mile


91.159VFR Cruising Altitudes

When >3000 ft AGL On heading of 0-179° (going east)

odd thousand ft. MSL +500 ft. i.e. 3500, 5500, etc.

On heading of 180-359° (going west)even thousand ft. MSL +500 ft.i.e. 4500, 6500, etc.

* * * Memorize This * * *


91.203Aircraft Certifications Required

Airworthiness certificate U.S. registration certificate Current approved Aircraft Flight

Manual or Pilot Operating Handbook § 91.9

No one may operate a civil aircraft unless it has within it the following:

Note: (91.715 - foreign aircraft)


91.209 Aircraft Lights

No person may operate during the period of sunset to sunrise unless the aircraft has lighted position lights

For balloons, a steady white light and a flashing red or white light is required § 31.65

Balloon lights can be Supplemental Type Certified or Form 337 must be filed with FAA to add them to the balloon

Form FAA 337 – Major repair & alternation A supplemental type certificate (STC) is a type certificate (TC) issued

when an applicant has received FAA approval to modify an aircraft from its original design


91.211 Supplemental Oxygen

From 12,500 MSL to 14,000 MSL, if >30 minutes

Above 14,000 MSL, for crew (pilot) Above 15,000 MSL, for crew and each

passenger How MUCH Oxygen do YOU need (l/min)?

Note: No person may operate a civil aircraft of U.S. registry Provided with and uses 550 liters of pure oxygen (19 cubic feet) per day. 22.9 hr


91.215Transponders requirements

Required in Class A, B, and C airspace for all aircraft

ABQ has waived this for balloons

Above 10,000 ft MSL for powered aircraft

Must have altitude reporting equipment (Mode C) with transponder

provides the aircraft's pressure altitude and is usually combined with Mode 3/A to provide a combination of a 4-digit octal code and altitude as Mode 3A/C, often referred to as Mode A and C


91.307Parachutes & Parachuting

Parachutes must be repacked within 180 days (a tag with a card shows last date of inspection & repack)


91.319Aircraft with Experimental Certificates

Have operating limitations NO carrying persons for

compensation/hire NO flying over densely populated area PIC must advise each person carried of

the experimental nature of the aircraft Operate under VFR, day only, unless

otherwise authorized


91.403 Maintenance Responsibilities

The owner or operator of an aircraft is primarily responsible for maintaining that aircraft in an airworthy condition including compliance with 14 CFR part 39 (Airworthiness Directives).


91.409 Inspections – Annual & 100 hour

No person may operate an aircraft unless within the preceding 12 calendar months it has had an annual inspection in accordance with Part 43

100 hour limitation may be exceeded by not more than 10 hours while en route to reach a place where the inspection can be done. Not applicable for Balloons


91.417 Maintenance Records Registered owner SHALL keep records Records MUST include:

Description of work Date work was completed Signature and certification number of person

approving the aircraft for return to service

Current status of any airworthiness directives (AD) for aircraft


Airworthiness Directives (AD) & Advisory Circulars (AC)


Advisory Circulars (AC)

Advisory circulars are available to pilots on line at www.faa.gov

Are numbered for subjects related to: 20 - Aircraft 60 - Airman 70 - Airspace 90 - Air Traffic Control & General

Operations


Part 830 (NTSB) Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents or Incidents

A- General B- Initial notification of accidents,

incidents or overdue aircraft C- Preservation of aircraft

wreckage, mail cargo or records D- Reporting of aircraft accidents,

incidents or overdue aircraft


830.1 Aircraft Accident - Applicability

This part contains rules pertaining to:(a) Initial notification and later reporting of aircraft incidents and accidents and certain other occurrences in the operation of aircraft, wherever they occur, when they involve civil aircraft of the United States;….


830.2 Aircraft Accident

An occurrence associated with ballooning which takes place between the time a person boards the balloon for fly and the time of disembarkment in which any person suffers Death Serious injury Balloon received substantial damage


Incident

Incident is an occurrence other than an accident which affects or could affect the safety of operation

Always call something an INCIDENT, never an accident. Let FAA decide it is an accident and not an incident.


Definition of Serious Injury

Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hrs within a 7 days from the date of the injury

Result in a fracture of any bone except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose

Causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage

Involves any internal organ Involves 2nd or 3rd degree burns, or any

burns covering more than 5% of the body


Substantial Damage

Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft

Damage which would normally require major repair or replacement


830.5Immediate Notification Required

An aircraft operator must immediately notify the nearest NTSB field office or call 1-800-WXBrief when: An aircraft is involved in an accident When flight control system malfunction or fail An in-flight fire occurs (not the burner) An aircraft is overdue and believed to have

been in an accident


830.10Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage

When notification of an accident or incident must be given, the operator is responsible for preserving the aircraft wreckage as is, except: To remove persons injured or trapped To protect the wreckage from further damage To protect the public from injury


830.15Reports and Statements to be Filed

The balloon operator must file a written report for:Accident - within 10 days

Incident - only as requested by the NTSB


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Documents

general definitions1

air aircraft

word aircraft

lta regulations

definitionswith respect

intended use

definitions abbreviations1

single engine