The End of WW1

How did WW1 affect Europe?

Background to WW1

Who was involved in WW1?Create a table to show who the 2 sides were.

Allies or Triple Entente = UK and British Empire (Australia, New Zealand, India, Canada, South Africa), France and Russian Empire/US, Italy, Japan, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Belgium, Portugal . . . + many others.

Central Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary/Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Austria = 1,567,000 deaths, 5th most, 3 % of

the population Germany = 2,462,897, 3rd most overall, 3.8 %

of population. Still had most military and industrial regions.

Ottoman Empire = 5,000,000 deaths, 1st overall, 23.5 % of the population. More civilians killed than military.

Effects of WW1

France = 1,697,800 deaths, 4th most, 4.3 % of the

population.  French landscape was utterly devastated by the trench warfare. Suffered a high loss of life, destroyed industrial region and economic devastation.

Russia = 3,311,000, 2nd most overall, 2.1 % of population. Suffered heavy losses against the Central Powers, heavy death toll and severe economic problems. This led to a revolution allowing communists to take over and they withdrew from the war = 15,000,000 deaths in civil war.

Effects of WW1

UK = 994,138 deaths, 7th overall, 2.2% of

population. Suffered a high loss of life and much economic damage. Due to their focus on war, they lost ground in their Empire leading to the Irish revolt.

USA = 117,465 deaths, 12th overall, 0.1% of population.

*Even Australia had a greater death percentage of population than America. Australia was 13th in terms of % of population.

Effects of WW1

Damages

Ruins of Vraignes, France

Destruction at Verdun, France

Damages

Arras Cathedral, France. Before 1914

Damages

Ruins of Arras Cathedral, France

Damages

French Cemetery

Death Toll

There were new major powers now: the

UK, France and USA were the victors and they each came away wondering WHAT TO DO WITH GERMANY??

Please think about and answer these questions in your book: Do you think Germany should be

penalised? How should they be penalised? Who else should be penalised?

Now what?

Do you think Germany should be

penalised?

How should they be penalised?

Who else should be penalised?

Discussion

The main outcome of WW1 was the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty was designed to be about the terms of peace. WW1 was always called the War to End all Wars. The

difficulty with this was that each nation involved wanted something. And these wants were more than likely to clash.

All of the countries involved also have long histories of fighting – France and Germany had previously been at war in the Franco-Prussian War which saw Germany gain land from France. England also wanted Germany to pay for their involvement because they were about to hold elections and it was a popular public opinion that Germany should be forced to pay.

Treaty of Versailles

Only allied powers were invited to the

conference, however the ‘Big Three’ were the nations to make all the decisions.

1. Woodrow Wilson – USA2. David Lloyd George – Great Britain3. Georges Clemenceau *also called ‘The Tiger’ -

France

Who was Involved

Form yourselves into groups of 3. If a group of

4 is required that is ok, but need special instructions.

Treaty of Versailles Simulation

Treaty of Versailles