how disruptive innovations shall alter our world

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How Disruptive Innovations Shall Alter our World Dr. S.Guruprasad DRDO

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Page 1: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

How Disruptive Innovations Shall Alter our World

Dr. S.Guruprasad DRDO

Page 2: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

• Theory of Disruptive Innovation : Clayton Christensen

• Blurring edges of Science, Technology & Systems

• Technologies that are going to change our lives

• Material Technologies : Polymers; Biomimetic; FGM; RT Superconductors; Metamaterials; • Quantum Computing

• Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Exoskeleton • Additive Manufacturing

• Nanotechnology

• Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems

• Internet of Things

• Artificial Symbiotic Environment • Breakthrough Technologies

• Great Conflicts that push Technological Innovations

• Theoretical Simulations v/s Experimental Research

Page 3: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Theory of Disruptive InnovationTechnology that pushes up profitability can disrupt the market with quality being same

Disruption always starts at the bottom creating new users and moves up to more knowledgeable users

Sustaining Innovation - Making better & better products without change in Technology

Efficiency Innovation - Cost cutting measures;

Process Innovations (Chinese Products flooding : creating new users)

IT industry of India (classic example of disruption);

Godrej: Peltier Refrigerator

‘Don’t ignore the root’ or ‘Bottom is important’

Page 4: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Blurring Edges of Science, Technology & Systems

Scientific Research

• Fundamental

• Basic

• Analytical

• Experimental

Technological Research

• Analytical & Experimental Studies

• Lab level devices

Product/System Engineering

• Prototype

• Evaluation/ Validation • Ergonomics & Aesthetics

Page 5: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Material Technologies Polymers:

• Synthesis of macromolecules – High Strength, desired properties, functionality

• Polymer activation by applying electric potential - morphing structures, conducting etc

Biomimetic • Copy of nature • Fibrous, layered. E.g Sea Shells – Bottom up, • Self-healing

Functionally Graded Materials • Gradation of the properties to optimizing performance

Metamaterials

RT Superconductors

Page 6: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Quantum Computing

• Huge computing power • Moore’s law maintained and may even exceed

Single atom imaging and manipulation

• Proliferation of AI • Big Data • Very large scale simulations • Immense application – S&T, Business, Govt etc.

Page 7: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Artificial Intelligence: Systems that can learn

• Artificial Neural Networks

• Fuzzy Logic

• Combination of above & more

• Efforts to Eliminate Skill • Knowledge Management • Human like interface – Voice,

gestures etc • Customer Care Services

• Online & in person shopping

 Aware of themselves, objects, information and levels of physical and virtual reality around them also of other nodes in their own network,

Page 8: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Artificial Intelligence & Robotics

Computational Power will never be a limitation

Our ability to build effective algorithms that can enable better learning capability by systems will be a huge limitation

Limitations will be more from mechanical domain

Biped Robots that can walk like a human and use tools like a human is still far from reality

Biomimetic actuators and micro sensor networks

Page 9: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Additive Manufacturing • Impact on Design of Components: Single shot Manufacturing

• Functional Grading, Multiple Materials, more near to the way nature builds

• Future: Cold Processing

2012 - US - National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute

2015 Satellite center, $87 million investment in a 13,000 ft2

2016. GE at Pittsburgh, - $39 million

160 + institutions - Business,universities, nonprofits , govt Org. Wrench - Cost to ship it to Space station > $400

Page 10: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Additive Manufacturing Challenges

•Limited Raw Materials  •Limited test –Strength •Limited Scale / Size  •Copyrights  •Dangerous Items  •Belies Economies of Scale •Post Processing •Loss of low skill job

Advantages

• Rapid prototyping • Customization • New ecosystems • New angles to driving

operational excellence • Affordability  • Storage  • Employment Opportunities • Health Care – Bio-printing

Page 11: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Nano TechnologyLycurgus cup- Dating from the 4th century A.D., is made from glass impregnated with gold nanoparticles; seen in transmitted light

Areas ApplicationMedicare & Health Monitoring, targeted drug delivery, replacement of damaged parts

etcICT Miniaturization, efficiencyEnvironment & Energy 

Pollution - monitoring & Control – Filters;   ENERGY - photovoltaic cells, solar absorbers, high density rechargeable Batteries

Biotech & Agro

Chemicals for nourishing plants & protection from insects, processing biomass in sewerage treatment plants food processing and preservation

Metallurgical High strength, tough, light weight corrosion & heat resistant structural Design and synthesis of new multifunctional molecules

Nano inclusions in composites

Enhanced inter lamina shear strength, enhanced compressive strength etc

Page 12: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Electronic- Electron Mobility>15,000 cm2V−1s−1

Optical - High opacity

Thermal - ~ 5300 Wm−1K−1

Mechanical - Strength 200 X Steel

Not only is it lighter, stronger, harder and more flexible than steel, it is also a recyclable

▪ Gas detection ▪ Transistors ▪ Optical modulators ▪ Integrated circuits ▪ Electrochromic devices ▪ Conducting electrodes ▪ Solar cells ▪ Ultra capacitors

Graphene : Properties and Applications

Page 13: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

R&DE (E)

!

VARTM Fabrication process(Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)

" Cost effective process " Minimal infrastructure " Staking of dry fabric " Resin and vacuum lines " Global fluid flow " Fiber volume fraction – 0.55 " Void content < 2%Schematic of VARTM process

Composites

Page 14: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

R&DE (E)

!

RFI Fabrication process(Resin Film Infusion)

" No autoclave involved " Stacking of fabric with resin films " Local fluid flow " Superior mechanical properties " Fiber volume fraction – 0.6, void content < 1.5% " Only viable fabrication technique for nano-fillers

Composites

Page 15: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Five meters carbon composites bridge

Process and health monitoring capabilities

Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems

Page 16: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Internet of Things

Smart Homes Smart Systems

People

Things

AI

Communication

Sensor NetworksData

Overrides

Page 17: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Internet of Things

Billions of connected devices Secure and insecure locations Security may or may not be built in … Not owned or controlled by IT … but data flows through the network Any node on your network can potentially provide access to ..

Page 18: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Artificial Symbiotic Environment

Deep Space Exploration : Colonies on other planets / asteroids

Page 19: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Breakthrough Technologies

Solar Energy

• Breakthrough in PV technology

• Sustainable Fusion Reactors

Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy

Page 20: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Great Conflicts – Technological Innovations

Life Cycle Cost v/s Performance - Threat of Obsolescence

Reliability v/s Cost - Threat of Reputation

Power v/s Weight - Form (Size & Shape)

Strength v/s Weight - Cost

Page 21: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

Simulation Vs Experimental Research

Scientific Research

Technological Research

Analytical & Experimental Techniques:

Both go hand in hand

Experimental Research will always define the Leader in the domain

Page 22: How disruptive innovations shall alter our world

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