how do we get there?. bedford energy advisory panel william abranowicz shirley bianco neal hundt...
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How do we get there?
Bedford Energy Advisory Panel
William Abranowicz
Shirley Bianco
Neal Hundt
Janet Harckham
Mary Beth Kass, Chair
Danny Martin
Simon Skolnik
Mark Thielking
Stuart Weitzman
Contact us at
Membership association of more than 500 U.S. local governments committed to
mitigating climate change
ICLEI Milestones
1. Calculating our town’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
2. Establishing targets to reduce those emissions3. Developing a Climate Action Plan for meeting
our targets4. Implementing the measures in the Climate
Action Plan5. Monitoring our Progress
20% Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2020
1. Commercial2. Local Government3. Transportation4. Waste5. Residential
Examined Data Across Sectors
Bedford Community Emissions
2004
208,833 tonnes/CO2e
Our Goal
20% reduction =
41,766 tonnes/CO2e
Community Emissions 2004Equiv CO2 (tonnes)
Resdential38%
Commercial19%
Transportation
36%
Waste7%
Resdential
Commercial
Transportation
Waste
Bedford Local Government Emissions
2004
5,360 tonnes/CO2e
Our Goal
20% reduction =
1,072 tonnes/CO2e
Government Emissions 2004 Equiv CO2 (tonnes)
74%
20%
5%1%
Buildings
Vehicle Fleet
Street Lights
Waste
Bedford Community Emissions
2004
208,833 tonnes/CO2e
Our Goal
20% reduction =
41,766 tonnes/CO2e
Climate Action Plan
How Do We Reduce Emissions 20%?
We started with easy and simple tips:
1. Change bulbs; use Compact Fluorescent Lighting (CFL)
2. Choose Energy Star
3. Turn down the thermostat
4. Use power strips to turn off electrical equipment
5. Drive slower
6. Launder with cold water, then hang wet clothes
Bedford’s Climate Action PlanStrategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• The Plan includes baseline data and emissions reduction strategies for these sectors:
– Energy
– Transportation
– Waste / Recycling
– Land Use
• Identify cost and cost recovery for implementing strategies
• Gain commitments for actual GHG reductions, and promote policy changes
Bedford, 20% by 2020: Can we do it?
Over 590 other cities and towns are working on the same premise and achieving their goals:
Salt Lake City - reduced municipal operations greenhouse gas emissions by 31% since 2001 (goal was 21% by 2012)
Portland, OR - 10% below 1990 levels by 2012 (per-capita
emissions have dropped 12.7% between 1990 and 2004)
Brattleboro, VT - Climate Protection Task Force; mitigation plan also pinpoints financial savings through energy efficiency, creation of new jobs, & improved air quality
Key Action Areas: Basis for BEAP Sector Committees
• Energy
• Transportation
• Waste / Recycling
• Land Use
Energy Sector
Bedford GHG Inventory - 2004
2004 Bedford Community Emissions -
208,833 t/CO2e
20% reduction = 41,766 t/CO2e < THIS IS OUR GOAL
Potential Growth of Bedford Emissions - 2020 (B.A.U. Scenario)
• Bedford Community Emissions in 2020: (2% growth rate) - 286,682 t/CO2e
• 2020 TARGET: 119,616 t/CO2e
– 20% of 2004 emissions (41,766 t/CO2e) + growth
since 2004 (77,849 t/CO2e) = 119,616 t/CO2e – 286% increase over 2004 emissions reduction
goal - the equivalent GHG emissions of 17,088 homes
– WE NEED TO START NOW
U.S. Energy Consumption by Infrastructure
ENERGY: What actions will create the biggest GHG reductions?
Source more renewable energy for our community
CHALLENGE - $$
What actions will create the biggest GHG reductions?
““Looking at specific measures, nearly 1/4 of the Looking at specific measures, nearly 1/4 of the abatement potential involveabatement potential involve efficiencyefficiency enhancing enhancing measuresmeasures (mainly in building & transportation sectors) (mainly in building & transportation sectors)
that wouldthat would reduce demand for energyreduce demand for energy andand carry no carry no net costnet cost.. The measures included in this category do not The measures included in this category do not require changes in lifestyle or reduced levels of comfort…require changes in lifestyle or reduced levels of comfort…Lower energy bills would more than compensate for the Lower energy bills would more than compensate for the additional (efficiency implementation) costs”additional (efficiency implementation) costs”
McKinsey Quarterly, 2007 No1 - Cost Curve for GHG Reductions
Potential for GHG Mitigation by Sector in 2030 /
Different Cost Categories
IPCC - 2007
Global Cost Curve for GHG Abatement Measures Beyond “Business as Usual”
http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/A_cost_curve_for_greenhouse_gas_reduction_1911
BEAP Energy Efficiency Recommendations (Municipal)
• Energy Star/highest efficiency requirement within town RFP process: appliances, HVAC and materials (22.7t/CO2e - $6707 annual - .5-2yr payback)
• Perform Energy Efficiency Building Retrofits (410t/CO2e - $36,000 savings - 6.3yr payback)
• Build new to Highest Energy Efficiency Standard (Energy Star) (12t/CO2e - $3600 savings - 2.1 yr
payback)
• Strengthen life cycle energy and GHG analysis of energy infrastructure related purchases
BEAP Energy Efficiency Recommendations
(Residential/Commercial)
Existing Structures
1. Purchase Energy Star appliances - (4327t/CO2e - $1.2mm saved - $202 per house hold - 2.35yr payback)
2. Get a NYSERDA Home Performance through Energy Star audit and implement recommended improvements - (11421t/CO2e - $3.26mm saved - $600 per household - 3-23yr payback))
3. Form Energy Efficiency Experts (EEE) team to assist residents through an EE upgrade process in their structures
New Construction
Build to Energy Star Standard - (2.15t/CO2e per house - $641 annual savings / 6.5 yr payback)
BEAP Renewable Energy Recommendations
(Municipal/Residential/Commercial)
Add more “grid” renewable energy to community mix at lowest cost - (8,000t/CO2e - $290 annual
average cost per household/commercial entity)– Aggregate buying power for renewable energy for
residents/commercial/municipal sectors
– Remove impediments to additional renewable energy infrastructure capabilities
– Explore Municipal Energy District initiative to:
1. Increase homeowner acceptance of audits and energy efficiency improvements
2. Wholesale buying power of external renewable power
Transportation Sector
Transportation Sector
• Transportation is one of the largest sources of U.S. emissions, representing one-third of total emissions.
• Every gallon of gasoline burned emits 20 pounds of CO2.
• Bedford will reduce transportation-related emissions by a number of measures drafted by our committee.
• Our evaluation involved no-cost, low-cost, and some higher cost measures.
Transportation Suggested MeasuresGOVERNMENT MEASURES
Short-Term• Enforce No-Idling Policy• Encourage car-pooling and use of
mass transit by municipal employees.• Require all pre-2007 school buses be
retrofitted with tailpipe filters
Long-Term• Adopt a unified Town of Bedford “green
fleet” policy.• Install emission control meters in high
traffic areas.• Provide alternate fuel stations and
“plug-in” stations.• Collaborate with NY State and MTA to
promote “smart growth”
COMMUNITY MEASURESShort-Term
•Promote commuter-trip reduction programs, including incentives for car pooling and public transit.•Distribute Beeline bus schedules and information.•Encourage greater school bus use by students.•Enforce No-Idling Policy
Long-Term•Collaborate with MTA and local transportation systems to address “the last mile issue.”•Promote purchases of hybrid and electric vehicles.•Implement bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure programs.
Measuring Transportation ReductionAssumptions: 6500 households in Bedford
Number Cost of Gas
Incremental Cost
Pay
back
Annual Cost Savings
CO2 Reduction
Idling (enforce the 5-minute idling policy)
10,000 cars
$2.00 0.02 gallon/ 5-minute
idling
$127,200 606 (metric tons)
Bike trips 5000 trips per week (5 miles)
$2.00 0 $130,000 650 (metric tons)
Bus Ridership 5000 trips per week
$2.00 650 (metric tons)
Hybrid Vehicles 500 new purchased
over 10 years
$2.00 $2,530 3.6 years
1,645 (metric tons)
New Technology Electric Vehicles
500 new At $0.11 kilowat/hr
$5,000 5.3 years
3,043 (metric tons)
What Can You Do?
• Know about the Westchester County Anti-Idling Legislation. We can reduce emissions 606 t/CO2e
• Make your next vehicle purchase a hybrid or electric. By adding 500 of each to our 10,000+ cars in town, we can reduce our overall carbon emissions by 4,687 t/CO2e
• Take a bus or train when possible.
• Tell your children to wake up early and take the school bus. Bus ridership will save 650 t/CO2e,
• Be wise and bunch your errands together.
Waste Sector
Waste SectorShort term recommendations
• Determine composition of current waste stream
• Develop new or improved educational tools, guidance, outreach or training programs that promote increased recycling.
• Improve ease and accessibility of recyclingPromote deconstruction demolition recycling through efforts like GreenDemolitions.org. and WasteMatch.com
• Encourage contractors by requiring a construction and demolition debris recycling plan as a condition of receiving a building permit.
• Implement 20 cent fee for plastic and paper bags supplied by large retailers—fee to be used to supply residents with 5 re-usable bags per household
• Establish large scale food and organic materials composting program
• Link the cost of waste pickup to volume of waste (pay as you throw program)
• Employing regional co-operation develop a system that will allow all plastics to be recycled regardless of number to eliminate resident confusion and reduce contamination of recycled materials
• Implement Zero Waste Policy
Long Term Recommendations
Assuming: 300 lbs. waste pp/per year & 88% capture of recycled materials: aluminum, steel, glass, paper, cardboard, and plastics;
This translates to an world wide annual savings of 13,644,515 kWh, or approximately $1.6 million dollars and it reduces annual world wide GHG emissions by 9,380 metric tons.
Bedford WASTE = 7% GHG
Establish/Expand Curbside Recycling Programs
• When organic materials decompose in landfills methane gas is created.
• Methane is 21 times more potent than CO2.• 61% of Bedford’s waste is compostable• If we divert 1,026 lb. or 61% of compostable waste
per person from the landfill we prevent 5,171 metric tons of CO2 equivalent from being created.
Large Scale Composting
Establish ZERO WASTE policy
Zero Waste Alliance
The visionary goal of Zero Waste expresses the need for a closed-loop industrial/societal system. Waste is a sign of inefficiency.
Zero Waste promotes prevention - designs that consider the entire product life cycle. These new designs will strive for reduced materials use, use of recycled materials, use of more benign materials, longer product lives, repairability, and ease of disassembly at end of life..
Nature’s waste = Food
Zero Waste Alliance
Loop Systems
Closedloop
Openloop
Humanwaste= Pollution
Closed Loop System
Zero Waste Alliance
Who has Zero Waste Policies?• Cities of Austin, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley• Counties of Marin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz,
and San Diego • Businesses: Hewlett Packard, Xerox, Toyota • Hewlett-Packard is diverting 92-95% of its solid
waste, saving almost a million dollars a year in avoided waste disposal costs.
• At six manufacturing facilities, Toyota saves a total of $3.5 million every year.
Zerowastesandiego.org
Land Use Sector
General Sustainability
• Protect farmland
• Support farmers economically
Sequestration/Temperature Control
• Develop opportunities to ensure healthy forest management practices by addressing the lack of forest regeneration due to the overabundance of whitetail deer.
Climate Change Adaptation
• Encourage the use of retention ponds, vegetated swales, permeable surfaces for driveways, buffer areas for streams and rivers, plantings of native and water retaining trees and rain
Smart Growth Zoning
• Facilitate the creation of intermunicipal agreements (IMAs) that promote regional planning (In NYS regional planning most often occurs through IMAs)
Green Building (for new building and major renovation only)
• LEED Silver for municipal projects
• LEED Certifiable for Commercial, Institutional, and Multi-Family Residential
• Energy Star with Feebate Incentives for single-family residential
