How many different materials are there and what are elements made from?

Lesson 1

How many different materials are there and what are elements made

from?• Aims:

– To know what an element is

– To be able to use diagrams to represent the atoms in elements and non elements

How many different substances are there?

How many different substances

can you think of?

All substances are made of atoms

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms. Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.

hydrogen and oxygen

atoms

carbon and hydrogen

atoms

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and

sulphur atoms

iron, aluminium,

silicon, oxygen and

boron atoms

What is an element?

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.

The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.

The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.

copper

carbon

There are about one hundred substances that are made up of just one type of atom. These are the elements.

helium

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

Atoms in elements

Copper is an element made up

of copper atoms

only.

Carbon is an element made up

ofcarbon atoms

only.

Helium is an element made up

ofhelium atoms

only.

Elements

• Everything in the universe is made from a small number of building blocks

• These chemical building blocks are called elements– About 100 of them– Listed in the periodic table of elements

• Have only 1 type of atom– Can not be split into smaller substances

Elements

• Elements- the simplest chemical. They make up all other chemicals

• Atom- the smallest particles that make up chemicals. Each element has its own type of atom

Elements

• Elements like silver and gold are found in the ground– Rare

• Other elements can be obtained by heating rock e.g. copper and tin

• Most elements are metals but some are non-metals

• It is the way that the elements are joined together that makes each material different

Identify the elements

A

DC

B

Identify the elements

Cu

Cu

Cu

Cu Cu Cu

CuCu

Au

Au

Au

Au Au Au

AuAu

Fe

C

C

Fe C Fe

FeC

Cu

Cu

Sn

Sn Cu Cu

CuCu

The symbol for many of the more common elements uses just the first letter of the name.

Introducing chemical symbols

A standard set of symbols is used to represent elements:

hydrogen

H =carbonC =fluorineF =

oxygenO =nitrogen

N =

Others elements have the first two letters.

lithiumLi =aluminium

Al =heliumHe

=

Some of the symbols are not always as you might expect. leadPb =

goldAu =silver

Ag =

iodineI =

How to write symbols for elements

Two important rules should be followed when writing the symbols of elements so that there is no confusion.1. The first letter of an element’s symbol

is always a capital letter.

2. If there are two letters in the element’s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter.

e.g. N (not n) for

nitrogen

e.g. Co (not CO) for cobalt

No, Watson! It was carbon monoxide

poisoning – not cobalt.

The Story of ‘The Kid’

1.Board game: carbon, helium, two sulphurs

2.Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen 3.Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4.Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen, aluminium

5.For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen

CHeSS SON

COAl

SHOAl

BIN

Spelling with symbols activity

Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.