How to be True to Yourself

Unit 11Text 1

Teaching Objectives Practice reading a deductive exposition; Learn about the functions and formation of

imperative sentences ; Discuss the importance of integrity; Learn to pronounce with correct

pronunciation, stress and liaison ; Learn to write an exposition.

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

Before Reading Background Information

Ogilvy & Mather Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide is the

agency created by British-born advertising legend David Ogilvy in 1948, virtually from scratch. It now has 35 US offices and a further 359 worldwide in over 90 countries.

David Ogilvy is a bright star in the advertising solar system, well known to advertising scholars and practitioners alike. His advertising career started quite late in life, at an age when most men had already settled into careers.

Ogilvy led a storied life before his turn to advertising. Before advertising took its hold on him, British-born Ogilvy was expelled from Oxford ("for his indifference"), worked as a social worker in Edinburgh, became a chef's apprentice in Paris and sold Aga ovens door to door in England.

Before Reading

Warm-up Questions: In your opinion, what kind of qualities

constitute integrity?

Illustrate your opinion on the status of the integrity in our current society.

Is there any difference between western culture and Chinese culture in terms of integrity?

Global Reading

Is this a piece of narration, description, exposition or argumentation?

How many parts can this text be divided into?

How does the author present his opinions, in a deductive method or an inductive method?

Structural Analysis

Detailed Reading

Paragraph 1-2 Paragraphs 3-8 Paragraphs 9-11 Paragraphs 12-14 Paragraphs 15

Paragraph 1-2

Question:

What is the implication of the simple motto on the living-room wall of the author’s grandparents?

Paragraph 1Language workMy grandparents believed you were either honest or you weren't. There was no in-between. They had a simple motto hanging on their living-room wall: "Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show." They didn't have to talk about it - they demonstrated the motto by the way they lived.

Paragraph 2They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today - and getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. And it is something we must demand of ourselves.

…ethics that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits…

But integrity is really what counts in every part or division of society. / But it is the real basic quality in every section of society.

Paragraphs 3-8

Question:

What is the author’s purpose in telling the story of the surgery?

Language work

A good test for this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Triad, which consists of three key principles:

Paragraph 3

This is used by the writer as a good standard for testing one’s integrity. According to the writer, the Integrity Triad consists of three key principles, which are made known in the text.triad: a group of three closely related people or things

Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. There's a story told about a surgical nurse's first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all instruments and materials were accounted for during an abdominal operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, "you've only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one."

Paragraph 4

Firmly adhere to your sincere beliefs even when you are faced with very forceful influence or very strong persuasion.

[5] "I removed them all," the doctor declared. "we'll close now. “

[6] "You can't do that, sir," objected the rookie nurse. "Think of the patient. "

Paragraph 5-6

[7] Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the 12th sponge. "You'll do just fine in this or any other hospital," he told her.

[8] When you know you're right, you can't back down.

Paragraph 7-8

When you know you are doing the right thing, you can’t give up your effort halfway under external pressure.

Paragraphs 9-11

Question:

What did David Ogilvy mean by sending each of his office heads a Russian nesting doll?

Language work[9] Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don't be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.

[10] David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside.

Paragraph 9-10

Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve it.a Russian doll in which are fitted five figures, each of which is

smaller than the previous one

[11] His message was contained in the smallest doll: "If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants." And that is precisely what the company became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.

Paragraph 11

Paragraphs 12-14

Question:

What does the author mean by “be yourself”?

Language work

Be honest and open about what you really are. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors - their looks or status - in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this facade, but they will do very little to develop their inner value and personal growth.

Paragraph 12Be yourself and prove yourself to be trustworthy, without hiding or covering up any unpleasing areas in your life.

people who are without or who do not have enough truly fundamental values

[13] So be yourself. Don't engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. When it's tough, do it tough. In other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to life's challenges.

[14] Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.

Paragraph 13-14

…answer or respond to life’s challenges in a way suitable for or typical of a grown-up.

for improving and developing your relationships with others

Paragraphs 15

Question:

What are the components of integrity?

Language work

Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tacks in a rearview mirror. My grandparents taught me that.

Paragraph 15

not yielding to lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations.

Will always be successful; will invariably gain victories

no need to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind. A metaphor is involved here. Metaphorically, the phrase means that it is unnecessary to recall and examine our activities or what we have done in the past so as to find out whether what we have done is right or not.

To After Reading

motto

a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.: “Waste not, want not” was my mother’s motto. The motto of the university is “Freedom of thought and

coexistence of different doctrines.”

hang fix sth. at the top so that the lower part is free

Hang your coat (up) on the hook. They hung several oil paintings in their sitting room.

cause to die, esp. as punishment for a crime by dropping with a rope around the criminal’s neck. The murderer was sentenced to be hanged. He hanged himself in a fit or remorse.

get/have/see the hang of I finally got the hang of driving a tractor.

hang back She hung back from answering those questions.

hang between life and death/hang by a thread

demonstrate prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or pr

oviding examples Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall

at the same speed. show or describe clearly

The first-aid instructor demonstrated the correct way to bandage a wound.

to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about sth. They called on their members to demonstrate against the

brutality of the police.

instinctively in a way resulting from instinct, without

having to think about it: Instinctively, I knew that she was ill. He ducked instinctively as the bullet whistled

past his head.

integrity strength and firmness of character or principle; ho

nesty or trustworthiness: He is respected and admired as a man of the greatest in

tegrity. commercial integrity moral integrity political integritya state of being whole and undivided; co

mpleteness: Our integrity as a nation is threatened by the separatist f

orces at home and foreign intervention.. defend/regain/threaten the integrity of… adopt sth. In its integrity

morality rightness or honesty of behavior, of an

action, etc.: One sometimes wonders if there is any morality

in politics. Many people have questioned the morality of

that politician’s actions.

ethics the science that deals with morals:

He decided to study ethics as his second major. moral rules or principles of behavior governing a

person of group: Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not

should be a question of ethics, not of politics. compare ethic, ethics and morality

morality: [U] beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how people should behave.ethic: [C] a general idea or belief that influences people’s behavior and attitudes.ethics: [pl.] moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and wrong.

sell out sell all of what was for sale:

All the tickets for the match were completely sold out.

be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principles or friends, esp. for money: He was a good writer, but he sold out and now

just writes for money.

expediency also spelt expedience; being useful or helpful for a

purpose, esp. one’s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct: The government will not condemn its allies for torturing

prisoners. It is a question of expediency. act from expediency, not from principle

expedient [n.] adopt the expedient of … exhaust every expedient for meeting an emergency try various expedients

at handnear in time or place:

Our National Day is at hand. He lives close at hand. When he writes, he always keeps a diction

ary close at hand. The autumn harvest is at hand. keep sth. at hand

inner on the inside or close to the middle:

The inner wrapping of the commodity is also pleasant to look at.

close to the centre of control: The Prime Minister often turns to the inner circle of the

Cabinet for advice. of the mind or spirit

His material life is very good, but his inner life is very poor.

inner Mongolia one’s inner feelings

scarce not much or many compared with what is wanted;

hard to find: Good fruit is scarce in winter and very expensive. Now good comedians are as scarce as hen’s teeth.

of the mind or spirit His material life is very good, but his inner life is very

poor. increasingly scarce scarcity [n.]

relieve the scarcity of …

the bottom line the amount of money shown as profit or loss at the

bottom of a set of accounts: You have invested millions of dollars in the business and

you come out with nothing on the bottom line. the basic content, meaning, or situation

The bottom line in the debate is the increasing number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities.

out come; the most important result in the end If we make all the changes I am proposing, the line is

that the company will save $50,000.

demand ask firmly and not be willing to accept a refusal; to

claim as if by right: The opponent has demanded that all the facts be made

public. need or require in order to be successful

Work of this nature demands personal sacrifices of those who embark on it.

on demand This ticked is payable on demand. Passengers must show their tickets on demand. VOD (video on demand)

consists ofbe made up of, be composed of:

The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The United States consists of as many as fifty states.

principle a truth or belief that is accepted as a base

for reasoning or action: One of the principle of this dictionary is that

definitions should be in simple language. They agreed to the plan in principle.

A moral rule or set of ideas which guides one’s behavior: I usually follow the principle that it is better not

to get involved in other people’s quarrels.

stand for be a sign or short form of; represent; mean:

Our Party stands for the interests of the broad masses of the people.

WTO stands for World Trade Organization. (in questions and negatives) allow to continue;

accept without complaining: I wouldn’t stand for that sort of treatment if I were you.

have as a set of aims or principles; support: Even today those people still stand for serfdom in Tibet.

conviction a very firm and sincere belief:

She is a woman of strong convictions. She has a firm conviction that she is always

right. innermost conviction from/under a conviction that … a profound/solid conviction previous conviction

in the face of in spite of; against:

In the face of difficulties and hardships, she managed to keep her sense or humor.

In the face of death, he remained calm and cool, showing no sign of fear.

pressure the strength of putting force or weight onto st

h.: Low atmospheric pressure often brings rain.

forceful influence; strong persuasion: He only agreed to do it under pressure from his

parents. conditions in one’s work, one’s style of living,

etc. that cause anxiety and difficulty: He works best under pressure.

surgical of or used for surgery:

That surgeon is skillful in using his surgical scalpel when he operates on patients.

surgeon: a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations Highly skilled surgeons enjoy a high social

position and have a handsome income.

responsible forhaving the duty of looking after sb. or st

h., so that one can blamed if things go wrong: The surgical nurse is highly responsible fo

r her work. The teacher made me responsible for kee

ping the class in order while she was away.

ensure make sth. certain to happen:

There is a change in the law that ensures fair treatment for people of all races.

compare ensure, insure, assure and secure:ensure: implies a virtual guarantee

– The government has ensured the safety of the foreign minister.

insure: sometimes stresses the taking of necessary measures beforehand to make a result certain or provide for any probable contingency

– Careful planning should insure the success of the party.

assure: distinctly implies the removal of doubt, worry, or uncertainty from the mind

– I assure you that no one will be harmed.

secure: implies the taking of action to ensure safety, protection, or certainty against adverse contingencies

– They secure their cooperation by payment of a large fee.

account forgive or be a satisfactory explanation

for: How do you account for losing five games

in a row.be the cause or origin of

North sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our export earning.

abdominal of a main part of the front of the body in

animals, between the chest and legs, containing the stomach, bowels, etc. of the belly: That middle-aged man received an abdominal

operation, which lasted two hours. He went to play basketball soon after lunch and

began to suffer sharp abdominal pains while playing the match.

abdomen [n.]

sponge a type of simple sea creature that dose not move

but grows a spreading rubber-like frame full of small holes: Sponges can grow up to a very considerable size.

a piece of sponge, or of a similar artificial substance made from rubber, which can suck up and hold water and is usually used for washing We have a mop made of sponge, which soaks up much

water.

declare make known publicly or officially, according to

rules, custom, etc.: Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. John was declared the winner of the match.

state or show with great force so that there is no doubt about the meaning: She declared that she knew nothing about the robbery. He declared his total opposition to the plan.

close (cause to) shut:

The door closed behind me as I went out. Close your eyes and go to sleep.

(cause to) stop being open to the public: What time does the bank close? The shop closes for lunch.

(cause to) stop operating or providing services, esp. without the intention of starting again: The firm has decided to close down its London branch. Hundreds of jobs were lost when the factory closed.

object be against sth. or sb. feel or show opposition

or disapproval: I’d like to open the window if no one objects. I strongly object to being treated like a child.

give as an argument against sth. I wanted to climb the hill, but Bill objected that h

e was too tired. Some people objected that the new tax law was

unfair.

rookie sb. who is new to and has no experience of

an activity, esp. a new soldier or policeman: He is a police rookie. He joined the police only la

st year. She is a rookie nurse. She is very careful with h

e job.

back down accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or

claim; admit that one was wrong, to give up one’s original stand, etc.: That small country will not back down to

pressure. He said he could swim, but he backed down

when we got to the lake After being confront with our evidence, the other

side had to back down.

credit a system of buying goods or services and paying for them l

ater: If you can’t afford to pay cash, buy the furniture on credit. Credit was too low to make borrowing easy.

belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something: Do you place any credit in the government’s story. You will lose your credit if you don’t pay your debt in time.

public approval or praise given to sb. because of sth. he was done: That scientist was given no credit for his invention. You must pass the examination to get credit for the course.

do credit to sb. (do sb. credit) take credit for … deserve no credit

rightfully in accordance with what is just right or

legally correct: The legacy is rightfully yours; she always

intended you to have it.

founder a person who founds or establishes a

school, hospital, organization, etc.: King Henry VIII was the founder of Trinity

College, Cambridge. He is the founder of the School of Arts and

Sciences in this small city.

firm a business company:

She works as an engineer for an engineering firm.

appoint choose for a position or job:

They have appointed him chairman of board of directors. A committee was appointed to investigate these

complaints. Arrange or (esp. a time or place when something

will happen): The committee has appointed a day in July for your case

to be heard. officially/temporarily appointed appoint a place and time for the meeting

progressively step by step; by stages; moving ahead or

developing continuously: The situation is becoming progressively tense. The economy in that country was progressively

getting better. progressive: supporting new or modern ideas and

methods, esp. in politics and education Many young politicians are progressive. He used to be progressive.

dwarf a person, animal, or plant of much less than the

usual size: Their second son is a dwarf. There is a funny, silly dwarf in the film.

giant a person who is much bigger and taller than average

people: A basketball team usually has several giants.

a person of great ability: Shakespeare is a giant among writers.

precisely exactly; being exact in details, form,

measurement, etc.: This job is precisely what I want. The train leaves precisely at ten o’clock.

values standards or principles; ideas about the

worth or importance of certain qualities, esp. those generally accepted by a particular group: There are many values shared by different

nations in the world. The American people and the Chinese people

differ in some core values.

rely on trust (esp. that sth. will happen or sb. will do

sth.); have confidence in: I think I can come, but don’t rely on it. Don’t rely on the bank lending you the money.

external on, of, or from the outside:

This medicine is for external use, not to drink. that can be seen but not natural or real:

He is actually very shy, despite external appearances. [n.]

He is better at observing externals than at reading hearts.

judge people by externals the externals of religion

status one’s legal position or condition:

Please state your name, age, and marital status. one’s social or professional rank or position,

considered in relation to other people; high social position; recognition and respect by other people: What is your status in the organization? They think owning such an expensive car will give them

status.

inevitably being certain to happen; unavoidably:

He was, inevitably, upset by her departure, but soon he got over it.

Given the current financial situation, the pound will inevitably be devalued.

challenge (sth. with) the quality of demanding competitive act

ion, interest, or thought: I am looking for a job with a bit more challenge.

an invitation to compete in a fight, game, match, etc.: The president of the Board of Trustees is faced with a ch

allenge to his leadership from his deputy. a questioning of the rightness, legality, etc. of som

ething: This new report represents a challenge to the accepted

version of those events.

preserve prevent sb. or sth. from being harmed or des

troyed: The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve d

ead bodies from decay. cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged:

It is the duty of the police to preserve public order.

facade the front of a build, esp. of a grand building:

The façade of the Grand Theater is very attractive.

an appearance, esp. on that is false: Though they put up a façade of honesty, they

are involved in criminal activities. Its facade covers one city block.

tough strong; not easily weakened or broken; able to suffer

difficult or severe conditions: Only tough breeds of sheep can live in the mountains.

showing strong determination; uncompromising: We won the contract, but only through a lot of tough negotiating.

difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing much effort: The company is faced with tough competition.

rough; without kind or sympathetic feelings or manners: The government has threatened to get tough with people who try to

avoid paying taxes.

cover-up an attempt to prevent something

dishonorable or criminal from becoming publicly known: His cover-up of his criminal activities proved

futile. She tried to cover-up her nervousness as she

waited to make her speech. I tried to cover up for him but without success.

conscience an inner sense that is conscious of the moral

rightness or wrongness of one’s behavior or intentions, and make one know whether one is doing right: I have a guilty conscience about not telling her the truth. I haven’t done anything wrong. – I have a clear

conscience. I can recommend this book to anybody with a safe

conscience. The matter weighed upon his conscience.

succumb to stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or

strength, a desire, etc.): They held out for some hours in the dace of our

persuasive offers, but eventually they succumbed. He succumb to her persuasion.

that can be seen but not natural or real: He finally succumbed to the illness. He succumbed of old age.

succumb to grief succumb to her charms

rearview mirror a mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a

motor vehicle enabling the driver to see traffic, etc. behind: Tom couldn’t help looking at the rearview mirror

that reflected his girlfriend sitting in the backseat.

After Reading

Structural Analysis Summary Be-subjunctive Oral Work Writing

Summary

A. The text could be divided into three parts. Please write a summary for each part.

Paragraph 1-2

Paragraph 3-14

Paragraph 15

Structural Analysis

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

1

2

3

Paragraphs 1-2

Paragraphs 3 to14

Paragraphs 15

Integrity is the real bottom line in every area of society.

The author explains the three key principles of the Integrity Triad by examples and persuasion.

A life of principle and integrity leads to success.

B. Please use one sentence to summarize the main idea of the text.

Check the grammar exercises in the student book

Additional exercises:

1. She insists on his taking his vacation now. 2. I had recommended him to be placed in a more

responsible position.3. I suggested his finishing up that project quickly.4. I demanded his accompanying me to the hearing.5. The general commanded the soldiers to advance

immediately.6. I prefer Mary to type the letters.

Rewrite the following passage, using be-subjunctive.

Keys1. She insists that he take his vacation now.2. I had recommended that he be placed in

a more responsible position.3. I suggested that he finished up that

project quickly.4. I demanded that he accompany me to

the hearing.5. The general commanded that the

soldiers advance immediately.6. I prefer that Mary type the letters.

The be-subjunctive, like the imperative, is realized by the base form of the verb. Whatever the person of the subject, the predicator invariably takes the base form. Consequently, where the clause has a plural subject, there is normally no distinction between indicative and subjunctive forms, except the verb be. The subjunctive form of be is be for all persons.

Check the vocabulary exercises in the student book

Oral Work

Have a discussion on the following questions.

Do you think people who lack genuine core values can really feel good to themselves? Why?

In the writer’s opinion, “Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don't be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are” can make a corporation succeed. Do you think that will do any help to individuals?

Writing

Combine each cluster of numbered items into one or more sentences. Combine clusters if you wish.

1.1 Cars serve practical ends.

1.2 They get us from place to place

1.3 They also serve as objects of ornament.

1.4 They are much like clothing.

2.1 Cars make statements.2.2 The statements are about who we are.2.3 The statements are about what we value.2.4 They create a “public identity.”

3.1 A sports car projects a life style.3.2 The lifestyle is carefree.3.3 The lifestyle is romantic.3.4 A station wagon projects an image.3.5 The image is family-oriented.

4.1 An economy runabout suggests thrift.

4.2 An economy runabout suggests efficiency.

4.3 It zips nervously through traffic.

4.4 A luxury sedan makes a different statement.

4.5 It guzzles gas.

4.6 It wallows toward its destination.

5.1 Such images shape our thinking.

5.2 They are influenced by advertising.

5.3 The advertising is relentless.

5.4 They influence how we see others.

5.5 They influence how we see ourselves.

6.1 We may make snap judgments about people.

6.2 The judgments are based on their automobiles.

6.3 We may choose a car to satisfy our fantasies.

6.4 We may choose a car to impress others.

6.5 We may choose a car to impress others.

7.1 Judging books by their covers is dangerous.

7.2 So is judging drivers by their cars.