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M&P-PRD-TEM-030-032511-S
How to Control Asthma
MP-HEP-PPT-702-01-020514-S
Health Promotion and Education Program
Rev. 2014
© 2014, MMM Healthcare, Inc. - PMC Medicare Choice, Inc.
Reproduction of this material is prohibited.
Objectives
At the end of the presentation, you will be able to:
• Define asthma
• Mention at least two asthma symptoms
• Identify at least three triggers
• Mention two types of treatment to control and manage asthma
Pre Test
1. Asthma is a disease: a. that causes trouble swallowing b. which causes breathing difficulty
2. Some risk factors of asthma are: a. dust, animal saliva, cigarette smoke b. water, sharing with a group, visiting the doctor
3. Asthma treatment includes: a. antibiotics b. maintenance and rescue medications
Pre Test
4. Two possible symptoms of an asthma attack are: a. feeling tired and leg cramps b. chest tightness and wheezing
5. Two changes in lifestyle to prevent asthma complications are: a. exposing oneself to temperature changes b. quit smoking and knowing what causes asthma
6. Knowing what causes asthma can: a. help us to better control the conditionb. limit our outings
Statistical Data
• According to the Department of Health of Puerto Rico:
– Asthma is considered as one of the more serious public health problems in Puerto Rico
– The morbidity and mortality for asthma are higher in comparison with the United States
– Studies show that asthma is the second most common condition in PR compared to other diseases, the leading cause of hospitalizations and the fifth leading cause of doctor visits
– There is an estimated 16.1% prevalence in adults
Symptoms of asthma
• Asthma symptoms may vary and are not the same in everybody
• In general, symptoms may include:– Itchy throat
– Tightness in chest
– Cough
– Persistent sneezing
– Shortness of breath, sensation of choking
– Presence of a whistling sound in the chest
• Extreme difficulty breathing, despite following an action plan for asthma
• Sweating, anxiety and chest pain when breathing
• Inability to sleep
Symptoms that represent an emergency
• Whistling sound stops, but breathing shortens and becomes faster
• Symptoms worsen after taking medication
• Nails or lips turn blue or purple
Symptoms that represent an emergency
• Strong odors
• Cigarette smoke
• Food Allergies
• Colds and respiratory system problems
• Infections
• Changes in weather
Asthma triggers
Allergens in foods and medication
• Processed potatoes • Seafood • Dried fruits • Alcoholic beverages
o Beer, wine and champagne
• Cold medicines• Aspirin
Diagnostic tests for asthma
• To diagnose the condition, a physician performs several tests to see if you suffer from asthma
• Tests used to diagnose the condition:
– Spirometry test
– Allergy Testing
– Arterial blood gas test
– Chest X rays
– Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Treatment for Asthma
• The most important part of a treatment plan is to prevent severe asthma attacks
• Asthma treatment includes: o Infection control o Controlling environmental triggerso Maintenance medicationso Having an action plan in case of an emergency
Treatment for Asthma
Infection Control• Prevent sickness • Wash your hands often • Avoid touching hands, nose, eyes and mouth • Get vaccinated against influenza annually • Get plenty of rest• Stay hydrated • Avoid exposure to allergy triggers
Treatment for Asthma
Environmental control
Stay away from:• Smoke (home, car, restaurants) • Other asthma triggers:
o Animals o Pollen o Dusto Dust Mites o Cockroaches o Strong odors
Use of medication
• Always have all asthma medications available
• Take medications as directed by your physician, even if symptoms improve
• Avoid discontinuing drug treatment or changing dosage without talking to your physician
Types of asthma medication
In general, medications for asthma control are classified as:
• Rescue medications (bronchodilators)
• Control or maintenance medications (anti-inflammatory)
Rescue medications
• Used during a severe asthma attack
– Help relieve symptoms at the time of the attack
Control medication
• Known as anti-inflammatory drugs
– Taken daily and administered for a long time
• They prevent new episodes of asthma attacks and help improve lung function
Importance of Exercise
IMPORTANT: Before starting any exercise routine, consult with your physician.
• We recommend: – Minimum of 30 minutes of moderate activity
– Five (5) days a week
Plan for an emergency
• Keep emergency numbers available
• Request family members to call you daily at the same time, to verify that you are well
• Ask neighbors for their phone numbers, in case of an emergency
Remember
• Although asthma cannot be cured, through a diagnosis, appropriatetreatment and education, you can control your condition
Post Test
1. Asthma is a disease: a. that causes trouble swallowing b. which causes breathing difficulty
2. Some risk factors of asthma are: a. dust, animal saliva, cigarette smoke b. water, sharing with a group, visiting the doctor
3. Asthma treatment includes: a. antibiotics b. maintenance and rescue medications
Correct Answers
1. Asthma is a disease: a. that causes trouble swallowing b. which causes breathing difficulty
2. Some risk factors of asthma are: a. dust, animal saliva, cigarette smoke b. water, sharing with a group, visiting the doctor
3. Asthma treatment includes: a. antibiotics b. maintenance and rescue medications
Post Test
4. Two possible symptoms of an asthma attack are: a. feeling tired and leg cramps b. chest tightness and wheezing
5. Two changes in lifestyle to prevent asthma complications are: a. exposing oneself to temperature changes b. quit smoking and knowing what causes asthma
6. Knowing what causes asthma can: a. help us to better control the conditionb. limit our outings
Correct Answers
4. Two possible symptoms of an asthma attack are: a. feeling tired and leg cramps b. chest tightness and wheezing
5. Two changes in lifestyle to prevent asthma complications are: a. exposing oneself to temperature changes b. quit smoking and knowing what causes asthma
6. Knowing what causes asthma can: a. help us to better control the conditionb. limit our outings
For an immediate health consult,call us:
MMM: 1-866-677-7779
PMC: 1-866-516-7704
TTY (hearing impaired): 1-866-690-7771
For more information, call the Health Promotion and Education Program of Cuidándote Mucho Más:
787-993-2311 (Metro Area)
1-866-517-0701 (toll free)
Monday to Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Where to find aid…
Mental Health DepartmentA specialized Department dedicated to integrate
Mental Health care
Online Member Access 7 days a week, 24 hours a day
1-877-721-7722
References1. Datos sobre el Asma, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Recopilado Febrero 2013.
http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/es/index.html
2. Asma, Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades, Recopilado el 22 de julio de 2008 de la dirección electrónica: http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/enfermedades/asma.html. Mayo 2011
3. NIH Institutos Nacionales de la Salud. MedlinePlus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/asthma.html. Diciembre 2012.
4. Sistema de Vigilancia de Asma, Departamento de Salud. http://www.salud.gov.pr/Datos/InfoSalud/Asthma/Pages/default.aspx