how to design and organize a public deliberation project gy larsen ida-elisabeth larsen the danish...
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How to design and organize a public deliberation project
Gy LarsenIda-Elisabeth Larsen
The Danish Board of Technology
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How to design and organize a public deliberation project
• Structure of presentation– What kind of issue/problem? – – What role is the project going to play? –
Purposes?– How to select an issue?– Who are going to be involved?– What kind of methodology is possible
and/or necessary?
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Technology means:
• engineering and technics – and - • conditions surrounding their
application. Ideally then • a solution to a problem. solves more problems than it creates.
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Issues - examples
• New applications to gene technology – new gene plants
• Toxicology and Nanotechnology• Sustainable urban living• Surveillance• Energy system – future development• Brain Science – new development and
uses
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Proactive – Reactive TA
• upcoming technology
• regulation of technology
• dissemintation and wider use of technology
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3 dimensions of policy analysis
Decision-makers; Networks; Citizens / Transparent procedures
Create legitimate and accepted solutions
Pragmatic
Citizens; Stakeholders / Networking; Social learning
Uncover and share norms and values
Normative
Experts; Users / Operative aims
Establish knowledge-base; suggest knowledge based solutions
Cognitive
Actors / functionsMethod demandDimension
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How to select an issue
• Technological content• Problem, conflict and need of
decisions• Essential for many people or for a
segment• Topical – timing• Target group• The Board must have a role to play
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Problem Today the transport sector in the western part of the world represents nearly 2/3 of our total use of oil, and consumption is rising. It is necessary to search for alternatives.
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Technology Bioethanol, biodiesel, methanol, methan, hydrogen – espescially new advanced technologies for production of biofuels are alternatives.
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Importance The EU biofuel directive aims at growing use of biofuels to transport and sets objectives for the member countries. Denmark has decided to have a goal below the EU recommendation.
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Timing Today 70% of all energy in EU is imported. This percentage is expected to rise to 98% in 2020. There is a need for action now. New fuels demand adaptation.
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Aimed at Research and fiscal area, politicians in the fields of traffic, energy and environment
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Relevance for the Board
Existing and new knowledge about the topic must be found and communicated to dcisionmakers Den eksisterende (især den nyeste) viden om emnet skal samles og videreformidles til beslutningstagerne, så debatten kan komme op på et højere niveau.
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Total rating 8
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Who should be involved?
• Is new knowledge and solutions needed?• Do we know too little about public opinion?• Is it time for new agenda setting?• A conflict in society dealing with the issue?• Do politicians need an advice?• Or?
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Considerations
• An expert group process• Stakeholder involvement• Citizen consultation• Involving politicians• Or?
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Politicians
Experts
Stake-holders
Citizens
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Laypeople
• Lack of knowledge – a vessel to be filled with expert information
• No, laypeople do have knowledge and engagement in society
• Laypeople have their own perspective on technology
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Democratic dimension
• Expert have to communicate with and not only to citizens
• There is a worry in society to deal with
• Interaction between citizens and the representative democracy
• New knowledge to stakeholders from citizens on controversial matters
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Goals when involving citizens
• Proactive discussions on upstream technologies
• Consultation on how to use technology
• Debate resistance in society against technology
• To involve the involved
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Recruit and select participants
Principle Benefits Costs
Repre-sentativity
Sample represents population (demogr. – attitudes)
•Is accepted•Can be compared with other studies or elections
•Very big group•very expensive•Difficult to ”handle”
Mixed
Example – ConsensusConference
Define criteria –compose a group
Variety, broad group all kinds of peopleAny size you want
Possible to cheatInterested thank yes – but..
Balanced
Example – Scenario Workshop
Equal repr. Of involved interests
•Pol. relevant debate•Room for views which use to be marginalized or out
•Positions have to be defined/accept• riscs of hidden agreements – social partnering
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Type of Participation – role of participants – method example
Participation Type
Role of participant
Role projectlead
Method ex.
Survey/ interviews
Source of information
Researcher Choice quiestionnaire
Deliberativesurvey
Evaluator”voice”
Organizer/analyst
Focus groups, deliberative poll
Constructive dialogue
Stake holder Organizer, mediator
Future search/Scenario Workshop
Public consultation
Advisor, consultant
Organizer Consensus Conference
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Roles of participation in TARaisingKnowledge
FormingAttitudes
InitialisingAction
Tech/ScienceAspects
ScientificAssessment(options,con-sequences)
Agenda setting(influence and stimulate public debate,Introduce visions etc.)
Reframing of debate(propose new initiatives – find new orientation)
SocialAspects
Social Mapping(stake holders, conflicts)
Mediation(help actors reflect and communicate – bridge building)
Propose new decision making processes(new ways of governance – new debate)
Policy aspects
Policy analysis(explore objectives, assess policies)
Restructure policy debate
Decisions about:Pol innovationsNew legislation
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Be aware of pitfalls
• Do not underestimate citizens or other participants
• Hidden conflicts• Too narrow and unreflected use of methods• Method not suitable for local problems• Forget to involve some important actors• A mistake to avoid the critical voices