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How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional Services Librarian Al Harris Library [email protected]

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Page 1: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview

Frederic Murray Assistant ProfessorMLIS, University of British ColumbiaBA, Political Science, University of Iowa

Instructional Services LibrarianAl Harris Library [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]
Page 2: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Outline of session• What is a literature review?• Why review the literature?• Plan your search/Keywords/Boolean • Snowballing/Tracking Citations• Choose appropriate Databases/Sources• Sample searches• Read and evaluate• A good literature review…

Page 3: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Choose Appropriate Databases• Google is not (usually) the answer• Start with Library Resources for

your Subject First• Search a range of databases• Think about the range of sources:

books, journal articles, statistics, websites, conference reports…

Page 4: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

How does Google Search work?

Page 5: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Google Search

• PageRank (algorithm)– 500 million variables– 2 Billion Terms

• Bias?

• Popularity is a Proxy for Importance

Page 6: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Personalized Search

• Google’s algorithm will suggest “what is best for you” – based on past searches.

• It’s as if we looked up the same topic in an encyclopedia and each found different entries.

Page 7: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Personalized Search

• Find information that is most likely to reinforce your own worldview

• We begin to lose dissenting opinion/conflicting points of view

• Yet search seems neutral, objective, unbiased.

Page 8: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Personalized Search & the Internet

• When ideology drives the dissemination of information, knowledge is compromised.

• Inadvertently we indoctrinate ourselves with our own ideas.

• Google is likely to direct you to material with which you already agree.

Page 9: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

SO WHAT?

Page 10: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

What are the repercussions for research carried out in an environment where Search itself is being compromised?

Page 11: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of
Page 12: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Major Concerns

• Right keywords to search

• Narrowing the search

• Using the library effectively

Page 13: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

What is a literature review?“… a systematic…method for

identifying, evaluating and interpreting the …work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners.”

FINK, A., 1998. Conducting literature research reviews: from paper to

the internet. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage., p.3.

Page 14: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Why review the literature?

“…without it you will not acquire an understanding of your topic, of what has already been done on it, how it has been researched, and what the key issues are.”

HART, E., 1998. Doing a literature review: releasing the social science research imagination, by E. Hart and M. Bond. London: Sage., p.1.

Page 15: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Define what you want to know “I am looking for literature and

data that focus on incarceration as a deterrent for crime. ”

Use this statement to choose keywords and key phrases

Page 16: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Define key words and phrases• incarceration

• deterrent

• crime

Page 17: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Identifying Keywords

• Identify the significant terms and concepts that describe your topic from your thesis statement or research question.

• These terms will become the key for searching catalogs, databases and search engines for information about your subject.

Page 18: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Boolean

• AND = Narrow

• OR = Expand

• NOT = Exclude

http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/learning/wise/
Page 19: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Class Exercise

• Keyword Building ExerciseTopic: Crime and Punishment

• Thesaurus.com

http://thesaurus.reference.com/
Page 20: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Define key words and phrases• incarceration

• deterrent

• crime

Page 21: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Crime & Punishment

Prisons

Incarceration

Rehabilitation

Deterrent Crime

Solutions

Policies Murder

Robbery

Page 22: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

We think of citation patterns as the flow of information," says Carl Bergstrom, a biologist at the University of Washington. "That's what a citation is — the trace that an idea flowed from one place to another."

Page 23: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Snowballing

• Building on the works of others• A scholarly article will always

have References/Bibliography

• A bibliography is always ripe for

the picking…

Page 24: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Tracking Citations

Wild, D. (2003, March). GOING TO WAR: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Emergency Nurse, 10 (10), 18. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database

Page 25: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Tracking Citations

Wild, D. (2003, March). GOING TO WAR: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Emergency Nurse, 10 (10), 18. Retrieved June 4, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database

Page 26: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

The Citation Video

http://screencast.com/t/W1mxPsHRS
Page 27: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Class Exercise

• Periodicals List Worksheet

• Do we have access to the Journal?• If so, do we have access to the specific

article?

Page 28: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Choose Appropriate Databases• Google is not (usually) the answer• Start with Library Resources for

your Subject First• Search a range of databases• Think about the range of sources:

books, journal articles, statistics, websites, conference reports…

Page 29: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

JSTOR

• Includes archives of over one thousand leading academic journals across the humanities, social sciences, and sciences.

• Search by discipline: Sociology

http://www.jstor.org/
Page 30: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

EBSCOhost Databases:

• Academic Search Complete

• PsycARTICLES

• SocINDEX with Full Text

• TOPICsearch

http://libnet.swosu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=a9h
http://libnet.swosu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=pdh
http://libnet.swosu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=sih
http://libnet.swosu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=tth
Page 31: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Working with EBSCOhost

• Create a Folder

• Narrow Your Search– Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals – Filter by Publication Date– Filter by Subject:Thesaurus Term – Filter by Publication

• Cited References

Page 32: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

The Citation Video: Advanced

http://screencast.com/t/vjz2vMmCC
http://screencast.com/t/vjz2vMmCC
Page 33: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Class Exercise

• Academic Search Complete Worksheet

• Work with your topic• Work together

• Get familiar with narrowing your results

Page 34: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Google: Improve Your SearchesSite Specific Command

What it does: searches only specific domains

What to type: prison overcrowding site:edu

prison overcrowding site:gov

http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/features.html
Page 35: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Google Scholar

• Google Scholar provides a simple way to search for scholarly literature. Search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.

Page 36: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Google Scholar

• Works best for Citations

• Restrictions to Content– Fee-based

– Often your Library already owns material

– We’re working on improving access

http://scholar.google.com/
Page 37: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

OpenThesis & OAIster

• OpenThesis - A free repository of theses, dissertations, and other academic documents.

• OAIster - A union catalog of millions of records representing open archive scholarly digital resources.

http://www.openthesis.org/
http://oaister.worldcat.org/
Page 38: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Evaluate what you read

• Think about…

• Relevance to your topic • Intended audience • Currency of the information • Coverage of the topic• Accuracy of the information • Authority of the author or information

source• Level of objectivity of the author

Page 39: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

A good literature review…• Goes beyond simply listing relevant

literature• Is a critical essay • Assesses the range of literature

available• Is a critical summary of the literature• Examines the background against

which your own research is set• Forms a significant section of your

dissertation

Page 40: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

A good literature review…

• Offers opinions and personal response to the different writings

• Relates different writings to each other, compares and contrasts

• Does not take the literature at face value

• Shows an awareness of the theories and values that underpin the research

• Uses particular language: authors assert, argue, state, conclude, contend

Page 41: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Questions?

• Contact me:– Frederic Murray

• 774-7113• [email protected]

Page 42: How To Do A Literature Review: An Overview Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of

Thanks!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUwd737mioM

P.SIVASUBRAMANIYAN MLIS FINAL YEAR BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY TRICHY

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Support.ebsco.com Introduction to EBSCOhost 2.0 Jane Long MLIS Frederic Murray MLIS Al Harris Library

English 1213 Session Three: Argumentative Resources & Statistics Frederic Murray, MLIS

Scholarly vs. Popular Databases Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

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IMPROVEMENT OF READING RDNG 0122 Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

Periodicals Databases Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

Professional Issues ENTRP 4123 Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

Practicum: Athletic Training PICO Evidence-Based Medicine Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science,

Business Communication Resources Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

PHARM 3823 Health & Biostats Evidence-Based Medicine PICO Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science,

Literature in Theory & Practice Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional

Burrhus Frederic Skinner - George Fox University

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English 1213 Dr. Jones Internet & Evaluation Frederic Murray, MLIS Instructional Services Librarian

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History of Music I Library Resources Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa

English 1213 Dr. Jones Argumentative Resources Frederic Murray, MLIS Instructional Services Librarian

YouTube & Critical Thinking: Participatory Learning in the Age of Dumb Politics, Doom & Fear Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British