how to do a literature search
DESCRIPTION
How to do a literature search. Saharuddin Ahmad Aida Jaffar Department of Family Medicine. Outline. Formulating answerable questions Search techniques Optimal search strategies Evaluating your literature searching. PICO. A method to formulate a precise question : Population - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
How to do a literature search
Saharuddin Ahmad
Aida Jaffar
Department of Family Medicine
Outline
• Formulating answerable questions• Search techniques• Optimal search strategies• Evaluating your literature searching
PICO
A method to formulate a precise question :• Population • Intervention• Comparison• Outcome
Problem : Would aspirin reduces CVD events in diabetics?
Final question :
For patients with diabetes mellitus, will aspirin prophylaxis produces fewer cardiovascular overall complications?
Item Description
Population Patients with diabetes
Intervention CVD events with aspirin
Comparison Compared to method of ‘no aspirin’
Outcome Fewer for all morbities and mortalities
PICO
Search techniques
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ehta/chapter4.html
Search term / Key words
• Uses your own words and searches words & phrases to retrieve records ie diabetes, aspirin, ischaemic heart disease
• Some problems:– Plurals: e.g. child or children– Different spellings: e.g. esthetic or aesthetic– Different terminology: e.g. pavement or sidewalk – Prefixes: prenatal, pre natal, pre-natal – Different names : Type II diabetes, diabetes mellitus, diabetes
Database features to support natural language
• Truncation (e.g. *, $) used to search for different word stems and word endings– e.g. use comput* to find computer, computers,
computed, computing, etc.
• Wild cards (e.g. *, ?) used to search for spelling variants– e.g. use leuk*mia to find leukaemia or leukemia
• Proximity and adjacency operators (e.g. adj or near) – e.g. motor near2 accidents
Database features to support controlled vocabulary
• A Thesaurus e.g. MeSH – medical subject heading terms)
• Mapping• Explode functions• “See Under”, “Used For” and “See Also”
references
Boolean - OR
DM OR ED
DM
ED
Use to combine like terms or terms within the same concept
Boolean - AND
DM
ED
DM AND ED
Use to combine together different concepts
Boolean - NOT
DM NOT ED
DM
ED
Use to exclude terms from your search
What is an optimal search strategy?
“optimal permutations of search terms found in the titles, abstracts or the subject indexing of relevant articles that have been demonstrated to have a high correlation with study quality”
“pre-prepared search strategies, previously referred to as ‘search filters’, ‘quality filters’, ‘hedges’ or ‘optimal search strategies’ developed for use with particular databases to retrieve specific types of evidence more effectively”
Online Tools
• Google Scholar• Portal Perpustakaan PPUKM• Pubmed• Ovid• Science direct• Scopus• Springer links
Google Scholar
• Using Boolean ExpressionsNOT (minus sign)• ED –DM • Search for ED while excluding DM from results
• Exact strings“Diabetes mellitus”, “erectile dysfunction”
If results is too large, use the “Search within results” option
• Wildcards ‘*’/’?’ - Replace wildcard with any combination
of characters
DM* or T2DM* - DM? or T2DM?• Site search – Restrict your search to a
particular site– site:domain.com– Example: cluster computing site:*.edu
Google Scholar
library.oakland.edu/coursePages/handouts/wildcards.pdf
Wildcards
The National Library of Medicine
• Part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)• The world’s largest biomedical library; it
produces:
– PubMed = Index to world’s biomedical literature
– MedlinePlus = Patient education & consumer health information
– ClinicalTrials.gov = Database of clinical trials
MEDLINE
• The world’s largest biomedical database
• Over 5,000 journals indexed, with worldwide coverage
• Covers all aspects of biosciences and healthcare
• Database of 16+ million journal citations, 1950 to the present
• 90% are in English ; 79% have abstracts
• The primary component of PubMed
PubMed
• PubMed is a tool to search:– MEDLINE (1950 to present)– In-process & publisher-supplied citations (some before they are published
in hard copy)– Citations from some older materials not yet upgraded with
MEDLINE indexing, some out-of-scope articles from MEDLINE journals, and some life sciences journals that submit full text to PubMedCentral
• Produced by NCBI– National Center for Biotechnology Information,
part of NLM
• Accessible worldwide on the Web at no charge
Managing data
No First author
Year Prevalence Objective Remarks
1 2
1 Awang 2011 60% Significanthypothesis
Not sigreason
Important pointsSuggestions etc
2
HOW TO USE PUBMEDPractical session
• Let’s use this search:
What’s the evidence for the use of montelukast in the management of childhood asthma
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HOW TO USE PUBMEDPractical session
THANK YOU