how to identify and avoid predatory publishers publishing.pdf · overview background predatory...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr KC Li and Dr Billy Wong
University Research Centre
2 September, 2015
How to Identify and Avoid Predatory Publishers
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
3
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Background
Publish or perish ─ the life of academics
Open access ─ a new publishing model
What: Unrestricted online access to research (Open Access, 2015)
Why: Rapid online publication and manuscript submission
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Open access logo, originally designed
by Public Library of Science
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(Kingsley, 2013)
Benefits of Open Access
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Rapid development of open-access articles
The past 20 years witnesses a sharp increase in the number of
open-access articles.
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0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
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2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Trend of open-access publications
number ofopen-accessarticlespublished ineach year
A search from Directory of Open Access Journals in August, 2015
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Quality of open-access journals
The majority of new journals are legitimate (associated with a
well-established publisher or emerge from a new enterprise)
Some of them are questionable (predatory journals)
The concept of predatory publishers became much more
widely known in 2013 with a publication of an open access
sting by John Bohannon in Science;
Many universities suggest academics avoid predatory
publishers.
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Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
Overview
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Publishing business model that involves
charging publication fees to authors without providing
the editorial and publishing services associated with
legitimate journals
Although predatory publishers predate open access, their
recent explosion was expedited by the emergence of fee-
charging OA journals.
What are predatory publishers?
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Major features
In business for a quick profit
Dishonest and lack transparency
Target early career researchers
Many purport to be headquartered in the United States,
United Kingdom, Canada or Australia but really hail from
Pakistan, India or Nigeria.
Charge a relatively modest fee
Offer to promote your publications when they have no
intention of doing so
Many are short-lived, without preservation plan.
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They corrupt open access and give it a bad name;
Possibly have increased the occurrence of research
misconduct;
General public has access to bad science;
Bogus research has affected societal institutions;
They have fostered the creation of predatory
conferences (they also operate bogus conferences);
They do not back up their content (Beall, 2014).
Predatory publishers are problematic
because…
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Implications of associating with such
publishers
Papers published without peer-review or proofreading
Diminish the perceived value of the work
Limit future rights
Articles published without complete author approval
Articles published before payment terms were either
understood or completed but then negotiated, forcing
authors into an uncomfortable position
Authors be included in their publicity
without approval
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Questions:
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Are the journals with low/no impact factor predatory
journals?
Are journals charging publishing fees all predatory journals?
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
16
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Peer review process
http://www.aldinhe.ac.uk/ojs/index.php?journal=jldhe
&page=about&op=editorialPolicies#peerReviewProcess
https://peerj.com/about/policies-and-procedures/
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Ownership and management
Publishing fee
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https://peerj.com/pricing/
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Ownership and management
Publishing operation
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https://peerj.com/about/how-it-works/
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Ownership and management
Copyright
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https://peerj.com/about/policies-and-procedures/#open-access-copyright-policy
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Ownership and management
Digital preservation
https://peerj.com/about/FAQ/
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Ownership and management
Governing body
https://peerj.com/about/
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
(OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Name of the journal should be unique and not be one that is easily confused with
another journal or that might mislead potential authors and
readers about the journal’s origin or association with other
journals.
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
Provide advice and guidance on best practice for dealing with
ethical issues in journal publishing.
All COPE members are expected to follow the Code of Conduct
for Journal Editors and Publishers.
The code set out standards of good editorial conduct. It called on
editors to take seriously their role as guardians of biomedical
science by taking all reasonable steps to ensure that allegations of
research misconduct are properly investigated. (About COPE,
n.d.)
http://publicationethics.org/members
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Members of COPE are expected to meet standards of good
editorial conduct
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Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
(OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of Open Access Journals
(DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
Identify predatory & credible publishers
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A membership organization for OA publishers.
Members must adhere to a code of conduct, many points of which are direct attempts to combat against predatory publishers.
Membership criteria (selected) The publisher’s website demonstrates that care has been taken to ensure high
standards of presentation. It must not contain misleading information, including any attempt to mimic another journal/publisher’s site.
Full contact information is visible on the website and includes a business address.
Clear and detailed Instructions for Authors are present and easily located from the homepage. The guidelines include details of the Open Access and Copyright Policies for this publication.
Peer-based review processes for articles or books should include independent external reviewing, appropriate for the subject, by experts in the field who are not part of the publisher’s editorial staff. This process and policies related to peer review shall be clearly outlined on the journal and/or publisher web site.
http://oaspa.org/membership/members/
Open Access Scholarly Publishers
Association (OASPA)
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Identify predatory & credible publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
o Peer review process
o Ownership and management
o Name of journal
Quality
o Members of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
o Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
o Indexed by reputable databases, such as Directory of
Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Scopus or Web of Science
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Directory of Open Access Journals
(DOAJ)
DOAJ lists over 9000 OA journals from all disciplines which are peer-
reviewed or have editorial quality control.
It provides a whitelist with journals meeting specific criteria as open
access journals.
The journals indexed in DOAJ should be of high quality, open access,
and peer-reviewed.
https://doaj.org/
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Web of Science
Top journals, books and conference proceedings
Consist of seven online databases: Science Citation Index Expanded® Social Sciences Citation Index® Arts & Humanities Citation Index Index Chemicus Current Chemical Reactions Book Citation Index Conference Proceedings Citation Index
http://wokinfo.com/products_tools/multidisciplinary/webofscience/
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http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/
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Scopus
The largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature
SJR reported in Scopus: an approach to the metric of journals’ scientific prestige
http://www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
40
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Be on the alert when receiving an
invitation to contribute to a journal
If you receive an email that sounds too good to be true, it probably is.
The email is usually sent via mass emailing.
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It may also start something like this: Dear Dr/Prof + your name.
*These spam-like invitations shouldn't be confused with the emails received from the
scholarly organizations you are a member of or with emails from the journal or publisher
where your past work has appeared.
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
43
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Check the publisher/journal in
whitelists/blacklist
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Whitelists
Member list of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
Members of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
(OASPA)
Blacklist
Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers
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Jeffrey Beall:
-A librarian and associate professor at Auraria Library in the University of
Colorado, Denver
-A critic of the open access publishing movement
-Well known for his blog, Scholarly Open Access, monitoring "predatory open
access publishing", a term he coined.
List of predatory publishers
http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/
List of questionable open-access
standalone journals
http://scholarlyoa.com/individual-journals/
Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
46
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
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Further check transparency and quality
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
48
Further check transparency and quality
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Check if the journal is peer-reviewed
Be careful: Predatory journals often claim they are peer-reviewed
while they are not in fact.
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A quick way: searching in Ulrichsweb
https://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
51
Further check transparency and quality
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Check ISSN of the journal
ISSN stands for International Standard Serial Number. It is a
standard bibliographic identifier, defined by the ISO standard 3297
(2007) and used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines and
periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic.
In many countries, an ISSN is mandatory for all publications
subject to the legal deposit (“The ISSN: An ISO Standard
Identifier”, n.d.).
Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD)
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Directory of Open Access Scholarly
Resources (ROAD)
http://road.issn.org/
A potential
predatory journal
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
54
Further check transparency and quality
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Be on the alert if in its spam email or on its website, the publisher
advertises impact factors assigned by fake "impact factor" services,
or it uses some made up measure (e.g. view factor),
feigning/claiming an exaggerated international standing.
If a journal claims to be indexed by a reputable database (e.g. ones
from DOAJ, EBSCO, ProQuest, Scopus, Thompson Reuters, etc.),
verify this by checking the database or Ulrichsweb.
Check if the journal is indexed by
reputable databases
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56
A journal claiming to be indexed by Thomson Reuters (Web of Science)
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57
Use Ulrichsweb to check if a journal is indexed by reputable databases.
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
58
Further check transparency and quality
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The websites of predatory journals may include
typos and grammatical errors;
contradictory details about editorial policies, fees, etc.;
dead links and no information about the publisher's physical
address; Be cautious of those that provide only web contact forms.
a look and interface that mimics the design of a well-known
publisher
boastful language claiming to be a "leading publisher" even
though the publisher may only be a startup or a novice organization.
Check the presentation of the website
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Only web contact form http://aeph.in/contact-us/
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
62
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The name resembles the name of a well-known publication;
The name suggests an overly broad or extremely vague
scope (e.g., Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research
Journal, British Journal of Science);
Although the name specifies location, the journal is located in
another part of the world (e.g., a journal with the word
"Canadian" or "Swiss" in its name when neither the publisher,
editor, nor any purported institutional affiliate relates
whatsoever to Canada or Switzerland).
The name of a journal is incongruent with the journal's
mission.
Check the name of the journal and publisher
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
65
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Editorial team of a credible publisher is transparent.
It could usually be found on the homepage.
Check the editors
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Features of editors of predatory journals The publisher's owner is identified as the editor of each and every
journal published by the organization.
No single individual is identified as any specific journal's editor.
The journal does not identify a formal editorial / review board.
No academic information is provided regarding the editor, editorial staff, and/or review board members (e.g., institutional affiliation).
Evidence exists showing that the editor and/or review board members do not possess academic expertise to reasonably qualify them to be publication gatekeepers in the journal's field.
Two or more journals have duplicate editorial boards (i.e., same editorial board for more than one journal).
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Have an insufficient number of board members , (e.g., 2 or 3
members)
Have concocted editorial boards (made up names)
Name scholars on their editorial board without their knowledge
or permission
Have board members who are prominent researchers but exempt
them from any contributions to the journal except the use of
their names and/or photographs.
There is little or no geographical diversity among the editorial
board members, especially for journals that claim to be international
in scope or coverage.
The editorial board engages in gender bias (i.e., exclusion of any
female members). (Beall, 2015)
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
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The publisher...
Demonstrates a lack of transparency in publishing operations.
Has no policies or practices for digital preservation, meaning
that if the journal ceases operations, all of the content disappears from
the internet.
Begins operations with a large fleet of journals, often using a
common template to quickly create each journal's home page. Check
if the publisher has a large fleet of journals that contain very little
content. Be particularly wary if archived lists of back issues are not
accessible
Check the business management
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Provides insufficient information or hides information about
author fees (Informing you of fees only after your manuscript has
been accepted is a sign of a predatory publisher.)
Does not allow search engines to crawl the published content,
preventing the content from being indexed in academic indexes.
Copy-proofs (locks) their PDFs, thus making it harder to
check for plagiarism.
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
73
Further check transparency and quality
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A strikingly quick turnaround from submission to publication
No revisions required
Minimal or no copyediting or proofreading of submissions
Re-publish papers already published in other venues/outlets
without providing appropriate credits
Publish papers that are not academic at all, e.g. essays by
laypeople, polemical editorials, or obvious pseudo-science
Check the publishing process
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Peer-review process
ISSN of the journal
Index status
Presentation of the website
Name of the Journal and publisher
Editors
Business management
Publishing process
Paper quality
75
Further check transparency and quality
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Check paper quality
Read some of the journal's published articles and assess their
quality. If they're clearly written by a novice, this may
indicate a predatory publisher.
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Poor language!
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
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Check if the web searches involve the publisher name and
keywords, like complaint, scam, or fraud, retrieve results.
Search webs for comments on the publisher
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Do not rely on one single approach!
One in every five publishers on Beall’s list is also in the Directory
of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) (van Zyl, 2014)
Source: http://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/23691/list-
of-reputable-open-access-journals
DOAJ is a useful reference, but it’s worth noting that not 100% reliable: building a long list of
good journals is much harder than building a list of bad journals. For example, in mathematics
DOAJ includes the “Research Journal of Pure Algebra”
(doaj.org/toc/5423b3e616b74adc9205ff787f86d0aa). I can’t say for sure whether this is a
reputable journal, since I can find almost no information about it on the web, but their entire
web site seems to have died with a message of “This account has been suspended”. This is a bad
sign, and all the published papers seem to be inaccessible. ─ Anonymous Mathematician
Jun 20’ 14 at 13:10
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Journals indexed in Scopus and DOAJ may also be included in
Beall’s list.
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Overview
Background
Predatory publishers: Features, problems, and impacts
Identify credible & predatory publishers
Identify credible publishers
Transparency
Quality
Identify predatory publishers/journals
Be on the alert when receiving an invitation to contribute to a journal
Check the publisher/journal in whitelists/blacklists
Further check transparency and quality
Search webs for comments on the publisher/journal
Proper understanding of open access publishing
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Be aware:
Requiring publication fees is not necessarily predatory!
Open access publishing needs proper understanding.
82
(Scholfield, n.d.)
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Business modes
(Scholfield, n.d.)
Modes Charges to
author
Charges to
reader
Full OA no no
Embargoes
no Within embargo
period
Article Processing
Charges
yes no
Hybrid Some articles Some articles
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Fees
Fees for publication cover costs such as editing; proofreading;
typesetting; graphics; quality assurance; covers, indexes and
editorial; rights management; sales and payments; printing and
delivery; online user management; marketing and
communications; helpdesk; and online hosting.
Different academic publishers have widely varying levels of fees,
from under 8 USD to over 3,000 USD. Journals with high impact
factors from major publishers tend to have the highest article
processing charges. (Solomon and Björk, 2012)
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A 2013 study found that only 28% of journals in the Directory
of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) required payment by the authors,
however, this figure was higher in journals with a scientific or
medical focus (43% and 47% respectively), and lowest in
journals publishing in the arts and humanities (0% and 4%
respectively) (Kozak and Hartley, 2013)
Although predatory publishers and credible publishers may both
ask for a fee, credible publishers provides you quality control
(peer review) and editorial services in exchange for that fee.
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Open Access publishers generally allow author to retain all or
most rights.
Copyright
Creative Commons
Attribution License
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Predatory publishers often require author to transfer all
rights of the papers to them
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Summary
88
Understand open access publishing properly, use strategies to
identify predatory publishers/journals, and avoid falling victim
to it!
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Roundtable Meeting on Proposal Preparation
89
Sources of research funding
Organization of a research proposal
Proper referencing
Budget allocation
Review process
Ways to increase your chances of success
Contact: Dr Hu Jingjing (27685795 or [email protected])
Time & date: 11:00 am – 12:15 pm, 11 September 2015 (Friday) Venue: B0720, Homantin campus
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References About COPE (n.d.). Retrieved from http://publicationethics.org/members
Advice on Predatory Journals and Publishers (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.openaccess.manchester.ac.uk/checkjournal/predatoryjournals/
Beall Jeffrey. (2014). Open access, or, good editors stand out in a world of predatory publishers. Retrieved from http://slidegur.com/doc/310950/predatory-publishers---inane-in-maine-2014
Beall Jeffrey. (2015). Criteria for determining predatory open-access publishers. Retrieved from https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/criteria-2015.pdf
Bohannon, J. (2013). Who’s Afraid of Peer Review? Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(October), 60–65. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.342.6154.60
Kingsley, D. (2013). Advocacy – what works. Retrieved from https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/10792/2/Kingsley_Advocacy2013Handouts.pdf
Kozak, M., & Hartley, J. (2013). Publication fees for open access journals: Different disciplines—different methods. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(12), 2591-2594.
Laakso M, Welling P, Bukvova H, Nyman L, Björk BC, et al. (2011) The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20961. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020961
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Open Access (2015). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access#cite_note-2
Redhead, C. (2013). Principles of transparency and best practice in scholarly publishing. Retrieved from http://oaspa.org/principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing/)
Scholfield, S. (n.d.). Open access publishing. Retrieved from http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/attachments/blog/Open%20Access%20Publishing%20Research%20Week%202014.pptx
Solomon, D. J., & Björk, B. C. (2012). A study of open access journals using article processing charges. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1485-1495.
The ISSN: An ISO Standard Identifier (n.d.). Retrieved from http://road.issn.org/en/contenu/issn-iso-standard-identifier#.VdVHrrKqqko
Van Noorden, R. (2013). Open access: The true cost of science publishing. Nature, 495(7442), 426–9. http://doi.org/10.1038/495426a
van Zyl, C. (2014). Predatory publishers: the bane of Open Access publishing. Retrieved from http://liasa.org.za/sites/default/files/notices/Carina%20van%20Zyl%20-%20HSRC%20talk-Predatory%20publishers-15Oct2014.pdf
Why Publish Open Access (n.d.). Retrieved from http://open.thieme.com/why-publish-open-access-
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92
Thank you!