hrm- 415 (07)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–1

LEARNING OUTCOMESLEARNING OUTCOMES

-On-the-Job training-Apprenticeship training-Informal learning-Job instruction training-Lectures-Programmed learning-Audiovisual-based training-Vestibule training-Teletraining and videoconferencing-Electronic performance support systems (EPSS)-Computer-based training (CBT)-Internet-based training (Learning Portals)-Management development and managerial on-the-job training (Job rotation, Coaching and understudy, Action learning)-Off-the-Job management training and development techniques

Training Method


The OJT Training MethodThe OJT Training Method• On-the-Job Training (OJT)On-the-Job Training (OJT)

Having a person learn a jobHaving a person learn a jobby actually doing the job.by actually doing the job.

• Types of On-the-Job TrainingTypes of On-the-Job Training Coaching or understudyCoaching or understudy Job rotationJob rotation Special assignmentsSpecial assignments

• AdvantagesAdvantages InexpensiveInexpensive Learn by doingLearn by doing Immediate feedbackImmediate feedback

© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 8–3

Training Methods (Cont’d)Training Methods (Cont’d)

• Apprenticeship Training: A structured process by which people Apprenticeship Training: A structured process by which people become skilled workers through a combination of classroom become skilled workers through a combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training.instruction and on-the-job training.

• Informal Learning: Performing jobs on a daily basis in collaboration Informal Learning: Performing jobs on a daily basis in collaboration with their colleagues.with their colleagues.

• Job Instruction Training(JIT): listing each job’s basic tasks, along Job Instruction Training(JIT): listing each job’s basic tasks, along with key points, in order to provide step-by-step for employees.with key points, in order to provide step-by-step for employees.

• LecturesLectures


Programmed LearningProgrammed Learning

• Advantages Advantages Reduced training timeReduced training time Self-paced learningSelf-paced learning Immediate feedbackImmediate feedback Reduced risk of error for learnerReduced risk of error for learner

Presenting questions, facts, or problems to

the learner

Allowing the person to respond

Providing feedback on the

accuracy of answers


Training Methods (cont’d)Training Methods (cont’d)• Audiovisual Training: DVDs, films, PowerPoints, and audiotapes Audiovisual Training: DVDs, films, PowerPoints, and audiotapes

can be very effective and are widely used.can be very effective and are widely used.

• Vestibule Training: Training employees on special off-the-job Vestibule Training: Training employees on special off-the-job equipment, as in airplane pilot training, so training costs and equipment, as in airplane pilot training, so training costs and hazards can be reduced.hazards can be reduced.

• Teletraining and Videoconferencing: With teletraining a trainer in a Teletraining and Videoconferencing: With teletraining a trainer in a central location teaches groups of employees at remote locations central location teaches groups of employees at remote locations via television hookup. And video conferencing allows people in one via television hookup. And video conferencing allows people in one location to communicate live with people in another city or country, location to communicate live with people in another city or country, or with groups in several cities.or with groups in several cities.

• Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS): computerized Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS): computerized tools and displays that automate training, documentation, and tools and displays that automate training, documentation, and phone support.phone support.


• Computer- Based Training:Computer- Based Training:

• AdvantagesAdvantages

Reduced learning timeReduced learning time

Cost effectivenessCost effectiveness

Instructional consistencyInstructional consistency

Training Methods(Cont’d)(Cont’d)


Internet-Based TrainingInternet-Based Training

Teletraining and Videoconferencing

Electronic Performance Support

Systems (EPSS)

Computer-Based Training

E-learning and learning portals

Distance Learning Methods


Management DevelopmentManagement Development

Any attempt to improve current or future management performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills.


Management Development Techniques Management Development Techniques (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Job rotation

Coaching and understudy

Managerial On-the-Job Training

Action learning


University-related programs

Management games

Off-the-Job Management Training and Development Techniques

The case study method

Outside seminars

Executive coaches

Behavior modeling

Role playing

Corporate universities

Other Management Training Other Management Training TechniquesTechniques


Management Development Management Development (cont’d)(cont’d)The Case Study Method:

A development method in which the manager is presented with a written description of an organizational problem to diagnose and solve.

Management Game:

A development technique in which teams of managers compete by making computerized decisions regarding realistic but simulated situations.

Outside Seminars

University Related Programs

Role Playing:

A training technique in which trainees at out parts in a realistic management situation.


Management Development Management Development (cont’d)(cont’d)Behavior Modeling:

A training technique in which trainees are first shown good management techniques in a field, are asked to play roles in a simulated situations, and are then given feedback and praise by their supervisors.

Corporate Universities:

A company based method for exposing prospective managers to realistic exercises to develop improved management skills.

Executive Coach:

An outside consultant who questions the executive’s associates in order to identify the executives strength and weaknesses, and then counsels the executive so he or she can capitalize on those strengths and overcome the weaknesses.

hrm- 415 (07)

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