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Health care Systems1436/ 6/30

The Means by Which Societies Provide

Support for Citizens to Maintain Their Good

Health

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The health care system includes everyone

WHO NEEDS health care and everyone

WHO DELIVERS health care, which means

that everyone is affected by health care.

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"A health system consists of all organizations, people and actions whose

primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health . This includes

efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-

improving activities. A health system is therefore more than the

pyramid of publicly owned facilities that deliver personal health

services. It includes, for example, a mother caring for a sick child at

home; private providers; behavior change programmers; vector-control

campaigns; health insurance organizations; occupational health and

safety legislation. It includes inter-sectoral action by health staff, for

example, encouraging the ministry of education to promote female

education, a well known determinant of better health."

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The World Health Organization (WHO) Health System

Performance Framework defines the goals of health

systems as:

Improving the health of the population they serve.

Responsiveness, i.e., responding to people's

legitimate expectations

Fair financing, i.e., providing financial protection

against the costs of ill-health.

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Effectiveness - Quality Improving population health Social.

Acceptability – Responsiveness Responding to peoples’ expectations

(“needs” and “wants”) .Cost

Fair financing of health care and, Providing financial protection against costs of ill-

health.

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Health system performance or efficiency can be examined in

terms of the extent to which these goalsgoals are attained, given

the resources available to the system.

ResponsivenessResponsiveness is defined as a measure of how well the

health system responds to the legitimate expectations of the

population (e.g. on waiting times, quality of care).

Fair financing Fair financing suggests every member of society should

pay the same share of their disposable income to cover their

health costs.

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A health care organization is defined as:

◦ An association or prescribed person that receives

funding from a regional health authority to

provide health services.

Health care organizations include:

◦ non-profit organizations.

◦ for-profit organizations.

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Health care providers are institutions or

individuals providing health care services.

Individuals including health professionals health professionals and 

allied health professions can be self-employed or

working as an employee in a hospital, clinic, or

other health care institution, whether government

operated, private for-profit, or private not-for-

profit (e.g. non-governmental organization).

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They may also work outside of direct patient care

such as in a government health department or

other agency, medical laboratory, or health

training institution.

Examples of health workers are doctors, nurses, midwives

, dietitians, paramedics, dentists, medical laboratory

technologists, therapists, psychologists, pharmacists,

 chiropractors, optometrists, community health workers,

traditional medicine practitioners, and others.

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1. Health Insurance

Generally used to describe a form of insurance that

pays for medical expenses.

Provided through a social insurance program, or

from private insurance companies.

Obtained on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover

its employees) or purchased by individual

consumers.

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2. Out of Pocket payment

Direct outlay of cash which may or may not be later

reimburse.

To be out of pocket is to have expended personal

resources, often unexpectedly or unfairly, at the end

of some enterprise.

Represents the share of the expenses that the patient

or the family pay directly to the health care provider,

without a third-party (insurer, or state).

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3. Donation Is a gift given by physical or legal persons, typically

for charitable purposes and/or to benefit a cause. Donation Forms: Cash . Services . New or used goods including toys, food and clothing Consist of emergency, relief items, development aid

support. Relate to medical care needs as i.e. blood and organ. Charitable gifts of goods or services are also

called GIFT IN KIND

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accountable to the owners of the facilities. At

the same time, these boards are accountable to

the Minister of Health and to the regional health

authority in which they operate for the

programs and services they provide.

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can be classified as a national healthcare system in

which the government provides health care

services through a number of government

agencies. In the meantime, there is a growing role

and increased participation from the private sector

in the provision of health care services. 

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