HSA Practice Question

The kidneys regulate the levels of many chemicals and ions in the body. Which term best describes this

process?A. digestion

B. circulationC. homeostasis

D. meiosis

Living things are organized!

• Organizational structure of organisms:– Cellstissuesorgansorgan systemsorganisms

• Not all organisms have all of these levels!– Unicellular organisms– Sponges– Etc., etc., etc.

Organ Systems• The following organ systems are critical to the normal

functioning of the human body, as well as many other plants and animals!– Vascular system– Digestive system– Circulatory system– Excretory system– Skeletal system– Muscular system– Endocrine system– Reproductive systems– Nervous system / sensory organs

Vascular System• Many organisms have

vascular systems for transporting materials from one location to another.– What substance has to get

from the roots to the leaves and stem?

– What substance needs to get from the leaves to the roots and stem?

Plant vascular system• Tissues called

xylem and phloem get materials where they need to go in a plant.

• Tubes for transporting materials are called vessels.

Animal Vascular System

• The tubes that move materials around an animal like you are called blood vessels.

• What substances must travel through your vascular system?

The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system of animals includes:– Heart (most animals)– Blood vessels

• Arteries• Veins• Capillaries

– Blood• Its function is to move

materials where they need to go, such as– Oxygen / CO2– Food– Waste

Circulatory System connections

• The circulatory is a central body system since it gets materials produced by other systems where they need to go.

Respiratory System

• The primary function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to all of your cells for aerobic respiration, and remove the CO2 waste produced.

• The lungs are the key organ.

How Respiration Works in Your Lungs

Digestive System• Breaks down food to

provide nutrition to the body.

• Major organs:– Stomach digests food– Intestines absorb

nutrients– Liver, pancreas, and other

organs regulate chemicals (i.e. glucose) in the blood

Excretory System• Removes wastes

and excess chemicals from the blood

• Regulates water content

• Kidneys are the key organs.

Skeletal System

• Provides support and structure to the body.

• Works with the muscular system for movement.

• Made of bones (in humans and many animals)

Muscular System

• Works with other body systems for movement.

• Skeletal system for moving the body

• Digestive system for moving food

• Circulatory system for moving blood

• Made of muscles (protein)

Endocrine System

• Controls many body functions.

• Made of many glands that produce chemical hormones which can regulate– Metabolism– Growth &

Development– Other body functions

Reproductive System• Used for sexual

reproduction– Makes haploid

gametes– Supports

embryo development

• Angiosperm = flowering plant (sexual reproduction)

Nervous System• Controls organ

functions.• Senses the

environment (sensory organs and nerves)

• Processes information• Includes– Brain (many animals)– Sensory nerves &

organs– Motor nerves (for

movement)