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3G EvolutionChapter: 1212
HSPA EvolutionHSPA Evolution
Department of Electrical and Information Technology
Ruiyuan Tian
p gy
2009-04-02 13G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced CELL FACH operation (about “wake-from-idle” time)_ p ( )– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 2
Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3
Introduction
• Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+, I-HSPA)By S. Parkvall
– a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP Release 7+– DL: 42 Mbit/s (14 Mbit/s in HSPA)– UL: 22 Mbit/s (5 8 Mbit/s in HSPA)– UL: 22 Mbit/s (5.8 Mbit/s in HSPA)
• An optional all-IP architecture for the network • Significant battery life improvements, dramatically quicker g y p y q
wake-from-idle time, a true “always-on” connection• 1st commercial launched late 2008 (Australia)
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 4
Evolution?
• Increase in performance and capability• Evolved Features:Evolved Features:
– MIMO • dual-stream
Higher order modulation– Higher-order modulation • 64QAM in DL, 16QAM in UL
– Continues packet connectivity• “always-on”
– Enhanced operation• quicker “wake-from-idle” time
http://www.slashphone.com/qualcomm-completed-20-mbps-hspa-data-call-311077
– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
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Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
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HSDPA-MIMO (1)
• MIMO– Cell-edge: to increase carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR)g ( )
• Diversity, beamforming– Close to BS (high CIR): to “data-rate booster”
• Spatial multiplexing: multiple layers/streams transmissionSpatial multiplexing: multiple layers/streams transmission
• HSDPA-MIMO: dual-stream Tx adaptive array (D-TxAA)– Up to 2 streams supported– each with same PHY processing (coding, spreading, modulation…) – Linear pre-coding: mapping to the 2 Tx antennas
• Tx diversity• Beamforming• Orthogonal layers: signal pre-distortion for reduced interference
• Main evolution in PHYMain evolution in PHY– Small impact to the protocol layer
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HSDPA-MIMO (2)
• HS-DSCH (HS-DLSharedChannel)DLSharedChannel)– Modified to support up
to 2 transport blocks per TTI (2 ms)
– Virtual antennasP di HS DSCH MAC h d
HS-DSCH processing of MIMO transmission• Pre-coding
– Mapping between virtual and physical
HS-DSCH : MAC-hs and PHY processingMIMO transmission
virtual and physical antennas
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HSDPA-MIMO (3)3GPP TS 25.214 V4.4.0,
Release 99
TX diversity
Pre-coding Control Indication (PCI)
feedback from UE
Phase rotation in mode 1
• Closed loop mode 1: phase adjustment•Equal Gain combining @ Tx
• Closed loop mode 2: phase & amplitude adjustment
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Closed loop mode 2: phase & amplitude adjustment•Maximum Ratio combining @ Tx
HSDPA-MIMO (4)
11s12s 11s12s∗− 11y21y 11s 12s
12s11s∗
12y22y
Si l t
OSTBC Combiner
ˆ ˆ
Single stream transmission
12 11s s
22 21s s12 11s s
22 21s s
12 11ˆ ˆs s
22 21ˆ ˆs s
11 12y y
21 22y yPre-coding
Dual stream transmission
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 10
transmissionBy M. Zhu
HSDPA-MIMO (5)
• Rate control for HSDPA-MIMO– Also to determine # of streams and pre-coding matrixp g
• Hybrid-ARQ with Soft Combining for HSDPA-MIMO– One hybrid-ARQ ACK per stream
• HS-SCCH (Shared Control Channel): Out-band DL controlPart 1 Part 2
• Channelization codes• Modulation scheme
• UE ID• Transport block sizeModulation scheme Transport block size• Hybrid ARQ information• # of streams
• Pre-coding matrix • Transport block size, stream 2• Hybrid ARQ information, stream 2
HS DPCCH (D di t d Ph i l C t l Ch l)• HS-DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel)• Out-band UL control signal• Hybrid-ARQ ACK (1 or 2 streams)• Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): recommended data rate (# of streams)
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• Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): recommended data rate (# of streams)• Pre-coding Control Information (PCI): pre-coding matrix
Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 12
Higher-order modulation
• MIMO gain– Relies on certain propagation conditionsp p g– LOS: high CIR, but no multi-stream
• Higher-order modulation64 QAM i DL 16 QAM i UL– 64 QAM in DL, 16 QAM in UL
DL peak rate(Mbits/s)
UL peak rate(Mbits/s)( ) ( )
Non-MIMO MIMO
16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM BPSK/QPSK 16QAM16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM BPSK/QPSK 16QAM
14 21 28 42 5.7 11
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Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 14
Continuous packet connectivity (CPC)
• WCDMA state model– CELL_PCH/URA_PCH: low power consumption, paging states_ _ p p , p g g– CELL_FACH: accessing (small data), DL monitor– CELL_DCH: high-transmission activity, HS-DSCH, E-DCH (dedicated)
Continuous packet connectivity• Continuous packet connectivity– “always-on”, keeping CELL-DCH– Less states switch
Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling
• Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)• Discontinuous Reception (DRX)• HS-SCCH-less operation
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 15
DTX-reducing UL overhead
• E-DCH (user data)– Interference & Overhead source: UL DPCCH– Solution: less frequent DPCCH if no activity
Longer cycle
No activityy
• HS-DPCCH (control signal)– CQI
No CQI reports if not coincide with DTX cycle
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No recent HS-DSCH transmission
DRX-reducing UE power consumption
• UE – Monitor 4 HS-SCCHs in each subframe– Full scheduling flexibility, but power-consumption
• DRXA UE DRX l ft i d f HS DSCH i ti it– A UE DRX cycle after a period of HS-DSCH inactivity
– Combined with DTX No activity
Longer DTX cycle
Coordinated DRX cycle
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Coordinated DRX cycle
HS-SCCH-less operation: DL overhead reduction
• Overhead– HS-SCCH for DL scheduling, significant in small payloads (VoIP)g, g p y ( )
• HS-SCCH-less operation– To perform HS-DSCH transmission without HS-SCCH
Bli d d di f t i f t ( d l ti d )– Blind decoding for certain formats (modulation, code)
No SCCH accompanied
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No NAK to be transmitted for overhead reduction
Enhanced CELL_FACH operation
• CELL_FACH (Forward Access Channel)– No dedicated physical channelp y– UE to monitor DL– Latency for state switch from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
Enhanced CELL FACH operation• Enhanced CELL_FACH operation– HS-DSCH signaling (DL) allowed in CELL_FACH state
• User data transfer during the state switch from FACH to DCH– E-DCH signaling (UL) activated in CELL_FACH state
• Reduce delay from switching to DCH– Reduction in call-setup delay, improved user perceptionp y, p p p
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 19
Layer 2 protocol enhancement
• Radio Link Control (RLC)– In the control plane of layer 2p y– Offer services to higher layers
• RLC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)A t f S i D t U it (SDU) d t fl– A segment of Service Data Unit (SDU) data flow
– Comprised of a data segment and the RLC header• RLC PDU size
– Semi-static: limit the peak data rate– Flexible RLC PDU size
• Match the instantaneous radio condition• Match the instantaneous radio condition
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 20
Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 21
Advanced receiver (1)
• More advanced receiver algorithms– No specified receiver structurep– Specified performance requirement
• Developed with a baseline receiver
• Advanced UE receivers in 3GPP• Advanced UE receivers in 3GPP– Type 1: RX diversity– Type 2: LMMSE chip-level equalizer (EQ)– Type 3: RX diversity + LMMSE EQ– Type 4: RX diversity + interference-aware EQ
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 22
Advanced receiver (2)
• Type 1: RX diversity(optional) up to 2
• Type 2Reference receiver– (optional) up to 2
antennas– Limitation: branch
– Reference receiver structure: LMMSE chip-level equalizer
imbalance, form factor of UE…
– Any receivers, e.g., Generalized RAKE
– … – …
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Advanced receiver (3)
2 dB gain for LMMSE over RAKE G-RAKE equalizes the channel to be flat
[] K. Freudenthaler, et al., Throughput Analysis for a UMTS High Speed
[] Gregory E. Bottomley, et al., Advanced receivers for WCDMA terminal
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Throughput Analysis for a UMTS High SpeedDownlink Packet Access LMMSE Equalizer
Advanced receivers for WCDMA terminalplatforms and base stations
Advanced receiver (4)
• Type 3– Combination of RX diversity and EQ (Type 1 + 2)y ( yp )
Type 2
Type 1Type 3
RAKE
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 25
Outline
• Introduction
• Evolved Features– HSDPA-MIMO– Higher-order modulation– Continuous packet connectivity– Enhanced operation about “wake-from-idle”p– Layer 2 protocol enhancement– Advanced receiver
• Summary
2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 26
Summary
• HSPA Evolution– Evolution of WCDMA: backwards compatibilityp y– MIMO: increased peak data rate– Higher order modulation
Continuous Packet Connectivity: “always on”– Continuous Packet Connectivity: always-on– Advanced receiver
• More to evolve– BW extension: combine of multiple 5 MHz HSPA carriers
LTE-WiMAX contest winner could be
HSPA+ for now2009-04-02 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 27
HSPA+ for now