hspa libre
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Telecom Israel
Technical Tutorial
November 7th 2006
Page 1
University
Understanding HSPA
Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Telecom Israel
Technical Tutorial
November 7th 2006
Page 3
University
Understanding HSPA
About QUALCOMM University
QUALCOMM University (“QU”) offers the advanced technologytraining solutions you need to stay on the cutting edge of wirelesstechnology.
Visit the QU website for more information about individual training
products, international training centers, and distance learningopportunities, along with a complete list of classes—all developed byQUALCOMM, the pioneers of CDMA.
QUALCOMM University: www.qualcommuniversity.com
QUALCOMM: www.qualcomm.com
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Understanding HSPA
Where Can I Learn More?
• WCDMA HSDPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)
• WCDMA HSUPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)
Want to learn more?
QUALCOMM University offers additional in-depth technical training related to this course.
To learn more about this or related topics, signup for the following courses.
To check out the schedules for these coursesand enroll, go to:
www.qualcommuniversity.com
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Understanding HSPA
UMTS Courses from QUALCOMM University
For the latest information on all QUALCOMM University courses, visit www.qualcommuniversity.com.
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Understanding HSPA
Tutorial Objectives
Provide telecommunication professionals with the basicunderstanding of HSPA, the high speed packet accesstechnologies (HSDPA, HSUPA), and related applications,network architecture, and deployments.
The talk will present:
the market drivers for UMTS HSPA
the basic enabling techniques and terminology associatedwith HSPA
the basic operations of HSPA
the HSPA implementation and performances
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Page 8
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Understanding HSPA
HSPA Motivations
Market Drivers
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Understanding HSPA
Increasing Wireless Internet TrafficDemands Higher Data Rates
3G Enables Wider Options of Services
EducationEducation
FinancialFinancial
InformationInformation
BusinessBusiness
Audio on demandVideo on demandGames on demandNetwork GamesReservation services
Database accessE-mail/Fax/WebLocation Based ServicesEmergency Call LocatingSafety Credit verification
Stock tradingWireless bankingFinancial news
Interactive shoppingE-commerce
Remote learningRemote library access
Remote language laboratory
WorkgroupsRemote LAN accessVideoconferencing
…and many
others
Entertainment
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Understanding HSPA
CDMA2000 1xCDMA2000 1x
More Capacity, High Speed Data
Capacity/Quality
Roaming
Mobility
AMPS
TDMA
GSMPDC
cdmaOneIS-95A
cdmaOneIS-95B
cdmaOneIS-95B
Medium Speed Data
Multi-ModeMulti-Mode
Global Roaming
1G 2G 3G (IMT-2000)2.5G
Multi-BandMulti-Band
Multi-NetworkMulti-Network
GPRSGPRS
CDMA2000 1xEVCDMA2000 1xEV
WCDMAWCDMA
Time
IMT-2000 aims to achieve Anywhere, Anytime Communications
Key Features:• Commonality• Compatibility• High quality• Small terminals• Worldwide roaming• Multimedia• Wide range of services
3G (IMT-2000)
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Understanding HSPA
GPRSGPRS
EDGEEDGE
WCDMA (R99)WCDMA (R99)
HSDPA/HSUPA(Rel5 / Rel6)
HSDPA/HSUPA
(Rel5 / Rel6)
Peak Data Rate
S p e c t r a l E f f i c i e n c y
Rich Voice Video Telephony
MM streaming
MM sharing
WirelessBroadband Access
Interactive Gaming
VoIP with AMR-WB
Text Messaging Speech GSMGSM
Push-to-Talk Customized
Infotainment Multimedia
Messaging
Data ServicesEvolution
E vol ved 3G
Voice & Limited Data
Medium Speed Data
Voice & High Speed Data
3G Enables Advanced Data Services
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Understanding HSPA
HSPA for Higher Speed
• Data Rate
– Demand for higher peakdata rates
• Delay
– Lower latency
• Capacity
– Better capacity and throughput
– Better spectrum efficiency – Finer resource granularity
• Coverage
– Better coverage for higher datarate
What are the requirements for HSPA?
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Understanding HSPA
UMTS Data Rate Evolution
Uplink Peak Data Rate
(Typical Deployment)
Downlink Peak Data Rate
(Typical Deployment)
GSM 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps
GPRS 20 kbps 40 kbps
EDGE 60 kbps 120 kbpsWCDMA Release 99 64 kbps 384 kbps
HSDPA - Rele ase 5 384 kbps 10 Mbps*
HSUPA - Rele ase 6 1.4 Mbps (early dep loyme nt) 10 Mbps
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Understanding HSPA
Applications Benefiting from HSPA
Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, fine resourcegranularity and improved capacity
Video Telephony (in Packet Switched domain)- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, high data rates
and improved coverage and capacity
Gaming- Low latency, fast resource allocation
Video Share / Picture Share- High Uplink data rates and improved coverageand capacity
File Uploading (large files)- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage
and capacity
DelaySensitive
– ErrorTolerant
DelayTolerant– Error
Sensitive
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Understanding HSPA
Part I :Understanding
HSDPA
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Understanding HSPA
Review - UMTS Network Architecture
Core Network
UserEquipment
UTRAN
MobileEquipment
USIM
Node
BNode
B
NodeB
RNC
RNC
HLR/AuC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
GMSC PSTN/ISDN
SGSN GGSN Internet
MSC/VLR
NodeB
NodeB
Uu
Iucs
Iups
Iub
Iub
Iur
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Understanding HSPA
Review - UMTS Protocol Stack
Mobility Management(MM)
Radio Resources Control (RRC)
SupplementaryServices (SS)
Short MessageServices (SMS)
Layer 2
Physical Layer (L1)
Non-AccessStratum
AccessStratum
GPRS MobilityManagement (GMM)
Session Management (SM)
Radio Link Control (RLC)
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Connection Management (CM)
Call Control(CC)
Short MessageServices (SMS)
Circuit Switched Packet Switched
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Understanding HSPA
Review - Release 99 Channels
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Understanding HSPA
Review – RRC Modes and States
UTRAN Connected Mode
CELL_FACH
CELL_PCHURA_PCH
Idle Mode
(Camping on a UTRAN cell)
Channels: PCH, No Uplink
Mobility: URA Update
Calls: PS (no data transfer)
DRX Mode
CELL_DCH
Channels: PCH, No Uplink
Mobility: Cell Update
Calls: PS (no data transfer)
DRX Mode
Channels: FACH, RACH
Mobility: Cell Update
Calls: PS
Dedicated logical channels, butcommon transport and physicalchannels
No DRX Mode
Channels: Downlink DCH, UplinkDCH
Mobility: Handover
Calls: PS, CS
Channels: PCH, No Uplink
Mobility: Location/Routing Area Update
Calls: None, PS call might be in “contextpreserved” state
DRX Mode
Establish RRCConnection
Release RRC
ConnectionEstablish RRC
Connection
Release RRCConnection
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Understanding HSPA
Release 99 Principles
How is Packet Data Managed in Release 99?
• DCH (Dedicated Channel) – Spreading codes assigned per user
– Closed loop power control
– Macro diversity
• FACH (Common Channel) – Common spreading code
– Header defines user
– No closed loop power control
• DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) – not implemented for FDD – Common spreading code shared by many users
– User assignment by Physical Layer signaling
– Closed loop power control with DPCH
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Understanding HSPA
DCH/FACH Comparison Summary
Mode DCH FACH
Channel Type Dedicated Common
Powe r Control
Closed Inner Loop
at 1500 Hz -
Slowe r Outer
Loop
None or slow
(based on
measurement
report)
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported
Setup Time High Low
Suitability for Bursty Data Poor Good
Data Rate Medium Low
Radio Performance Good Poor
How do we do Packet Data in Release 99
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Understanding HSPA
What will HSDPA Address?
Release 99 Downlink Limitations
• Limited Peak Data Rate – Maximum implemented Downlink of 384 kbps
• Capacity and Throughput – Modulation and coding
QPSK
Convolution coding (R=1/2, 1/3) or turbo coding (R=1/3)
– Link adaptation due to channel conditions
Fast closed inner loop power control, but
Slower outer loop
• Minimum TTI of 10 ms
• Slow Rate and Type Switching
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Understanding HSPA
Common Channel for Data
Common Channel for data transfer using
the HS-PDSCH
H S - P D S C H
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Understanding HSPA
Multi-Code Operation
• Fixed Spreading Factor SF=16
– (Typical Spreading Factor for 128 kbps in Release 99)
• 1-15 codes can be reserved for HS-PDSCH
• Can be TDM or CDM between users
Up to 15 codesreserved for
HS-PDSCHtransmission
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4
2 ms (3 slots)
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Understanding HSPA
Scheduling Comparison
RNC
Node B
RELEASE 99SchedulingRLC ARQResource Allocation
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)RLC ARQResource Allocation
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)Scheduling
Link AdaptationHARQResource Allocation
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Scheduling and Retransmissions
• Scheduling
– Done at the Node B
– No interaction with the RNC
– Based on channel quality feedback from the UE
• Retransmissions
– HARQ (link level retransmissions) – Done at the Node B
– Based on UE feedback (ACK/NACK)
– Soft combining at the UE
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Understanding HSPA
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
• Scheme combining ARQ and Forward ErrorCorrection
• FEC decoding based on all unsuccessfultransmissions
• Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol
• Two basic schemes:
– Chase Combining
same data block is sent at each retransmission
– Incremental Redundancy (IR)
Additional Redundant Information sent at each retransmission
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Understanding HSPA
HARQ – Illustration
N A K
N A K
A C K
P a s s
F a i l
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Understanding HSPA
Comparison Summary
Mode DCH FACH HSDPA
Channel Type Dedicated Common Common
Powe r Control
Closed Inner Loop
at 1500 Hz - Slow
Outer Loop
None
Fixed Power
with link
adaptation
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported Not Supported
Suitability for Bursty Data Poor Good Good
Data Rate / Traffic Volumn Medium Low High
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Understanding HSPA
UMTS Network Architecture with HSDPA
Core Network
UserEquipment
UTRAN
MobileEquipment
USIM
Node
BNode
B
NodeB
RNC
RNC
HLR/AuC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
GMSC PSTN/ISDN
SGSN GGSN Internet
MSC/VLR
NodeB
NodeB
UuIub
Iub
Iups
IucsHardware andSoftware Changes
Software Changes
Iur
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Protocol Stack
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Channels
New HSDPA Channels
Transport Channel
• High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
– Downlink Transport Channel
Physical Channels
• High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
– Downlink Control Channel
• High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel(HS-PDSCH) – Downlink Data Channel
• High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel(HS-DPCCH)
– Uplink Control Channel
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Channels (continued)
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Operation Overview
1. Each UE reports channelquality on HS-DPCCH.
2. The Node B determineswhich and when each UE isto be served.
3. The Node B informs the UEto be served via HS-SCCH.
4. Then deliver the data to theUE via HS-DSCH.
5. The UE sends feedback(ACK/NAK) back to Node Bon HS-DPCCH.
HSDPA Operation
3dTower.emf
Node B
H S - D P C
C H
H S - D S C H
H S - S
C C H
P - C P I C H
UE
HS-DPCCH
HS-DSCH
HS-SCCH
P-CPICH
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Channel Operation Timeline
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Understanding HSPA
HS-PDSCH
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)• Carries UE data
• Up to 15 HS-PDSCH may be assigned simultaneously
– UE capability indicates maximum number of codes it supports
• Uses Spreading Factor = 16
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Understanding HSPA
HS-DPCCH
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel(HS-PDCCH)
• 1st slot carries ACK or NAK for received HS-DSCH blocks
• 2nd and 3rd slots carry Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) – UE measures Downlink CPICH channel quality
– CQI indicates the highest data rate for error rate < 10%
– Frequency of CQI reports configured by UTRAN
• DTX during ACK/NAK and CQI slots if nothing to send
• Uses Spreading Factor = 256
HS-DPCCHUplink Channel
CQI
2 ms3 slots
ACK/
NAK
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Understanding HSPA
HS-SCCH
High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
• 1st part carries modulation information
– OVSF code assignment
– Modulation scheme
• 2nd part carries transport block size, Hybrid ARQ parameters
• UE Identity encoded over each part
– UE decodes each part independently
• UE assigned up to 4 HS-SCCHs to monitor
• Uses Spreading Factor = 128
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Understanding HSPA
Data Rate Example
Question:
Assuming a transport block size of 320 bits, what HSDPAdata rate can be achieved by a single UE using thechannel allocation timing shown above?
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Understanding HSPA
Data Rate Example (cont.)
Answer:
320 bits are transmitted every 10 ms, so the maximumdata rate is 32 kbps.
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Understanding HSPA
Consecutive Assignments
Data Rate with Consecutive Assignments
480 kbps X 5 = 2.4 Mbps
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Understanding HSPA
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
• Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process – HARQ Processes run in Node B and UE
– Up to 8 HARQ processes per UE
– Number configured by Node B when HSDPA operations begin
• The UE HARQ process is responsible for: – Attempting to decode the data
– Deciding whether to send ACK or NAK
– Soft-combining of retransmitted data
• The Node B HARQ process is responsible for: – Selecting the correct bits to send according to the selected retransmission
scheme and UE capability
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Understanding HSPA
Inter-TTI Interval
Inter-TTI Interval = 2
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1
.
.
.
.
.
.HS-PDSCH N
HS-DPCCH
CQI
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ACK ACK ACK
2 ms
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Understanding HSPA
Retransmissions
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1...
.
.
.
HS-PDSCH 15
HS-DPCCH
10 ms minimum retransmit interval
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
NAK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ACK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 ms
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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Understanding HSPA
ACK/NAK Repetit ions
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Understanding HSPA
Node B Implementation Considerations
Node B Considerations
• OVSF Code Allocation
• Power Allocation
• CQI Report Processing
• Scheduler
• HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure
• Compressed Mode
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Understanding HSPA
OVSF Allocation
S C C P C
H
H S - S C C
H
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Understanding HSPA
Node B Transmit Power Allocation
T o t a l a v a i l a b l e c e l l p o w e r
T o t a l a v a i l a b l e c e l l p o w e
r
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Understanding HSPA
CQI Report Processing
• UE measures CPICH strength
– Measurement reference period is 3 slots, ending 1 slot before CQI issent
• UE reports index into CQI Table
– Highest data rate for which UE can guarantee error rate < 10%
• Node B may filter CQI reports
– Varying CQI means UE is in a fast changing environment
– Steady CQI means UE is in a stable environment
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Understanding HSPA
Node B Scheduler
User #1 User #2User #3 User #4
HS -DSCH TTI(3 slots = 2 ms)
User #1 User #2 User #2 User #3 User #1 User #4 User #4 User #2 User #1
User #1 User #2User #3 User #4
15 codesreserved forHS-PDSCH
transmission
Pure Time Division Multiplexing
Combined Code and Time Division Multiplexing
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Understanding HSPA
HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Performance
Maximum Theoretical Data Rate:
• 14.4 Mbps
– 15 codes
– 16QAM
– Consecutive assignments (Inter-TTI spacing of 1)
– Coding Rate of 1
Practical Peak Data Rate:
• 10.0 Mbps
– Full capability UE
– Good RF conditions (High Cell Geometry)
– Single UE
• Dedicated HSDPA carrier
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Understanding HSPA
Part I I :Understanding
HSUPA
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Understanding HSPA
Release 99 Uplink Packet Data
How is Uplink Packet Data handled in Release 99?
• DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Variable spreading factor
– Closed loop power control
– Macro diversity (soft handover)
• RACH (Common Channel)
– Common spreading code
– Fixed (negotiated) spreading factor
– No closed loop power control
– No soft handover
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA vs. HSDPA
HARQ with Fast Retransmission at Layer 1
Fast Node-B Scheduler
“Many-to-One”
Rise-over-Thermal (RoT)
Fast Node-B Scheduler
“One-to-Many”
Shared Node-B Power and Code
Fast Power Control
Soft Handover
Rate/Modulation Adaptation
Single Serving Cell
Dedicated Channel withEnhanced Capabilities
New high-speed SharedChannel
HSUPAHSDPA
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Understanding HSPA
Rise-over-Thermal Noise
Determination ofgrant for the UE
(At NodeB)
NodeB
UL Interference Level(RoT measure)
UE Data Rate
Interference fromother UEs
Grant Receivedfrom NodeB
UE TransmitPower
2
3
1
5
4
In order to decode received data correctly, a
minimum SINR shall be guaranteed at theNode B receiver.
Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the
Uplink load.
1. By increasing the number of transmitting UEsand their transmit power, the level ofinterference in the Uplink band increases.
2. This interference is perceived by theNode B receiver as noise, affecting the SINR.
3. The Node B controls the interference level byadjusting the UE grant assignments.
4. When the UE receives a new grant, it uses it incombination with available UE transmit powerand the amount of data in the buffer…
5. …to determine the data rate and thecorresponding transmit power.
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Understanding HSPA
Node B Scheduler for HSUPA
The HSUPA scheduler addresses the trade-off between:
Several usersthat want totransmit at
high data rateall the time
3dTower.emf
Node B
Satisfying allrequested grantswhile preventingoverloading and
maximizingresource utilization
and
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Understanding HSPA
Rise-over-Thermal Loading
load
RoT
Overload
margin
Target Load
Possible additional load with HSUPA
R99 UL
R6 UL
With the introduction of HSUPA, a lower Uplink margin forpreventing overload situations can be used, thanks to the fastresource allocation and control mechanisms in the Node B.
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Operation
1. The UE sends a TransmissionRequest to the Node B for gettingresources.
2. The Node B responds to the UE witha Grant Assignment, allocatingUplink band to the UE.
3. The UE uses the grant to select theappropriate transport format for theData Transmission to the Node B.
4. The Node B attempts to decode the
received data and send ACK/NAK tothe UE. In case of NAK, data may beretransmitted.
3dTower.emf
Node B
R E Q
G R A N T
D A T
A
A C K / N A K
UE
HSUPA Operation
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
1. Transmission Request
The UE requests data
transmission by means of the
Scheduling Information (SI),
which is determined according
the UE Power and Buffer Data
availability.
The scheduling information is
sent in-band to the Node B.
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the
UE Grant by monitoring
Uplink interference (RoT at
the receiver), and by
considering the UE
transmission requests and
level of satisfaction.
The grant is signaled to the
UE by new grant channels.
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received
grant and, based on its power
and data availability, selects
the E-DCH Transport Format
and the corresponding
Transmit Power.
Data are transmitted by the UE
on together with the related
control information.
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)
4. Data AcknowledgmentThe Node B attempts to
decode the received data
and indicates to the UE with
ACK/NAK if successful.
If no ACK is received by the
UE, the data may be
retransmitted.
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Understanding HSPA
UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA
Core Network
User
Equipment
UTRAN
MobileEquipment
USIM
Node
BNode
B
NodeB
RNC
RNC
HLR/AuC
Node
B
NodeB
NodeB
GMSCPSTN/ISDN
SGSN GGSN Internet
MSC/VLR
NodeB
Node
B
UuIub
Iub
Iups
IucsHardware andSoftware Changes
Software Changes
Iur
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Protocol Stack
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Uplink Channels
New HSUPA Uplink Channels:
• Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)
– Uplink Transport Channel
• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel(E-DPDCH)
– Uplink Physical Channel
• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel(E-DPCCH)
– Uplink Control Channel
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Understanding HSPA
Uplink Channels
E-DPDCH
• Carries the payload.
• May include a scheduling
request from UE to Node B.
E-DPCCH
• Carries control informationrequired to decode the
payload carried by E-DPDCH.
• Carries an indication fromUE to indicate to the Node B
whether the assignedresources are adequate.
SI
TTI
PAYLOADHD
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Understanding HSPA
Downlink Channels
E-AGCH
• The absolute grant carries maximumallowed E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio.
• Carries information that controls HARQ
process.
E-RGCH
• The relative grant carries a simple
command to increase (UP), Decrease
(DOWN), or keep (HOLD) the current
grant.
E-HICH
• Gives feedback to the UE about previous
data transmission, carrying Acknowledge
(ACK) or Not Acknowledge (NAK).
Up / Down / Hold
TTI
ACK/NAK
TTI
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Channel Timing
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Features (continued)
• Shorter TTI of 2 ms
– In HSUPA both 10 ms and 2 ms TTI are supported
– A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasingthe average and peak cell throughput
– A tighter resource control can be implemented, thus allowingfor additional capacity
• Higher Peak Data Rate
– For a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps
– Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a 2-ms TTI UE
– 5.76 Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPA
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Features (continued)
• Hybrid-ARQ – N-channel Stop-and-Wait
(SAW) protocol, with4 processes for 10 ms TTIand 8 processes for 2 msTTI
– Synchronousretransmission
– Separate HARQ feedbackis provided per Radio-Link
3dTower.emf
Node B
3dTower.emf
Node B
D A T A
D A T A
N A K
A C K
E-DCH cells partof the Active Set
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Features (continued)
Rate Request
• The UE requests grant for data transmission
Rate Control
• The UTRAN controls the grants for transmission on Uplink
– Scheduled transmissions granted by the Node B for high speed data
– Non-Scheduled transmissions granted by the RNC for delay-sensitiveapplications
Load Control
• The UTRAN monitors Rise-over-Thermal (RoT) noise at theNode B receiver.
– UTRAN prevents overloading by reducing scheduled grants to UEs
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Features (continued)
HSUPA Quality of Service (QoS)• QoS is linked to a logical channel.
• Up to 15 logical channels can bemultiplexed on a single MAC-e PDU.
– Each logical channel may have a different
QOS and a different priority level.
• Priority level is considered whileforming a MAC-e PDU.
• Parameters affecting HSUPAperformance are set as per the QoS
requirements.
Air interface
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Understanding HSPA
E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support
3dTower.emf
Node B
3dTower.emf
Node B
3dTower.emf
Node B
Serving E-DCH RadioLink Set (RLS)
Serving
E-DCH cellNon-Serving
Radio Links (RL)
Example with anActive Set of 4 cells
There are three different types ofRadio Links in the UE Active Set:
• Serving E-DCH Cell – The cell from
which UE receives AGCH fromscheduler.
• Serving (E-DCH) RLS – Set of cells
that contain at least the serving cell
and from which the
UE can receive and combine theserving RGCH.
• Non-Serving RL – Cell that belongs
to the E-DCH Active Set but does not
belong to the serving RLS and fromwhich the UE can receive a RGCH.
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA Serving Cell Change
From the 3GPP Standards:HSUPA Serving Cell is the same as HSDPA Serving Cell
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Understanding HSPA
Active Set Composition with HSUPA
E-DCHServing Cell
ServingRL
ServingRL
Serving RLS
…
Non-Serving RL
Non-Serving RL
…
E-DCH Active Set (max 4 cells) OtherAS cell
OtherAS cell
…
DPCH Active Set (max 6 cells)
SendAGCH
UE can combine RGCHcommands from these cells
Send non-serving RGCH Is in SHO
All cells belongingto the UE AS
All cells belongingto the UE AS that
handle E-DCH
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Understanding HSPA
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate
How do we get 5.76 Mbps?
• Lower Coding Gain
– Effective code rate = 1
– Requires very good channel conditions to decode
• Lower Spreading factor
– UE can use SF2
• Multi-code transmission
– UE can use up to 4 codes, 2 with SF4 plus 2 with SF2
– Require some power back-off at UE side
• Shorter TTI
– Requires higher processing capabilities at terminal and Node B
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Understanding HSPA
E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and codingrate of 1 is 1920 bits (for 960 kpbs).
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Understanding HSPA
Lower Spreading Factor SF2
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and codingrate of 1 is 3840 bits (for 1920 kpbs).
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Understanding HSPA
Multi-code Transmission
Use of multi-code transmission 2 x SF2 + 2 x SF4
(2 x 1920 kbps) + (2 x 960 kbps) = 5760 kbps
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Understanding HSPA
HSUPA UE Capabilities
2000 kbps
2000 kbps
2000 kbps
1448 kbps
1448 kbps
711 kbps
Peak rate forTTI = 10 ms*
5742 kbps
--
2886 kbps
--
1448 kbps
--
Peak rate forTTI = 2 ms
Category 6
Category 5
Category 4
Category 3
Category 2
Category 1
E-DCHCategory
4
2
2
2
2
1
Max number ofE-DPDCHchannels
SF2 + SF 4
SF2
SF 2
SF 4
SF 4
SF 4
MinimumSF
2 & 10 ms
10 ms
2 & 10 ms
10 ms
2 & 10 ms
10 ms
SupportedTTI
* Maximum Peak data rate for 10 ms E-DCH TTI operation is 2 Mbps in all configurations