hsu 4 instrumentation and control systems gh

8/8/2019 Hsu 4 Instrumentation and Control Systems Gh

1/16

Instrumentation and

Control Systems

Presentation2006 Greg Heitkamp

This material is based upon work supported by the

National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0026!6."

#ny opinions$ %indings and conclusions or

recommendations e&pressed in this material are those o%

the author's" and do not necessarily re%lect the (iew o% the

National Science Foundation )NSF".


2/16

Digital

* Storing information often in a series of 1’s and0’s or binary numbers. The process can beused to do calculations or sending pulses toregulate instrumentation or other electronicequipment turning it on/off or regulating the useof materials such as the flow of liquid through avalve. In instrumentation and process control

this accomplished by concerting an analoguesignal into a digital signal to control the process. non!electronic e"ample would besmo#e signals or a beacon.


3/16

Analogue

* n analog or analogue signal is anycontinuously variable signal. It differs from a

digital signal in that small fluctuations in the

signal are meaningful within a given scalerange from a small to large signal. nalog is

usually thought of in an electrical conte"t$

however mechanical$ pneumatic$ hydraulic$ and

other systems may also use analog signals.

en.wi#ipedia.org/wi#i/nalogue%signal great

e"ample of an analogue device is a &rist

&atch with hands that move.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=2&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_signalhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=2&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_signal


4/16

Binary

* 'aving the base of ( for number system withtwo digits 0 and 1. )asis of electronic signal

signals used in computers. *reates two states

for the binary signal on or off$ 0 being off and 1

being on. There is no state in between the

device is either on or off. +ften referred to as

)oolean ,ogic http+,,www.answers.com,topic,binary


5/16

Microprocessor * silicon based processing chip or logic chip

designed as the heart of the computer$ containsall the necessary information to run a computerspeed measured in megahert- '- or

gigahert- '-. These chips have areas forcomparing numbers or doing calculations calledregisters.

* ood e"ample2 3igital *loc#s and &rist&atches

http+,,whatis.techtarget.com,de%inition,0$$sid-gci2!2/6$00.html

http+,,www.sharpened.net,glossary,de%inition.php1microprocessor

http+,,www.answers.com,microprocessorr364

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212568,00.htmlhttp://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?microprocessorhttp://www.answers.com/microprocessor&r=67http://www.answers.com/microprocessor&r=67http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?microprocessorhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212568,00.html


6/16

Fuzzy Logic

* The ability of a machine to answer questionsthat are not yes or no questions. 4u--y logic

use 0 and 1 as the e"tremes of yes and no but

answers the degrees of maybe. 4u--y logic

wor#s much closers to that of the human brain.

It is subset of )oolean logic use to fill the

concepts of a partial truth. n e"ample of such

is a half full glass of water is .50 of full.http+,,whatis.techtarget.com,de%inition,0$$sid-gci2!2!42$00.html

http+,,www.austinlinks.com,Fu55y,o(er(iew.html

http+,,whatis.techtarget.com,de%inition,0$$sid-gci2!2!42$00.html

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212172,00.htmlhttp://www.austinlinks.com/Fuzzy/overview.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212172,00.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212172,00.htmlhttp://www.austinlinks.com/Fuzzy/overview.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212172,00.html


7/16

Neural System

* In information technology$ a neural networ# is asystem of programs and data structures that

appro"imates the operation of the human brain.

neural networ# usually involves a large

number of processors operating in parallel$

each with its own small sphere of #nowledge

and access to data in its local memory.

* ood e"ample2 6oystic# for a computer game

http+,,searchnetworking.techtarget.com,ge%inition,0$2-276$sid4gci2!26$00.html

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/gDefinition/0,294236,sid7_gci212648,00.htmlhttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/gDefinition/0,294236,sid7_gci212648,00.htmlhttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/gDefinition/0,294236,sid7_gci212648,00.htmlhttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/gDefinition/0,294236,sid7_gci212648,00.html


8/16

Sensors* 3evices such as a photocell that respond to a signal

or stimulus. device that measures or detects a real!world condition$ such as motion$ heat or light and

converts the condition into an analog or digital

representation. These devices are use in

manufacturing plants to tell how many items are in a

pac#age such as the e"ample *3’s to fill a container

for pac#aging or to the number of containers fill case

for shipment.* ood e"amples2 motion detectors and burglar alarms

http+,,www.answers.com,sensorsr364

http://www.answers.com/sensors&r=67http://www.answers.com/sensors&r=67


9/16

Actuators* +ne that activates$ especially a device responsible for

actuating a mechanical device$ such as oneconnected to a computer by a sensor lin#.

http2//www.answers.com/actuators7r89:

* n actuator is the mechanism by which an agent actsupon an environment. The agent can be either an

artificial intelligent agent or any other autonomous

being human$ other animal$ etc.

http2//www.answers.com/actuators7r89: * ;"amples2 human hand$ leg$ arm$


10/16

Stepper Motors* mechanism that causes a device to be turned

on or off$ ad>usted or moved. The motor and

mechanism that moves the head assembly on

a dis# drive or an arm of a robot is called an

actuator. http2//www.answers.com/actuators7r89:

good e"ample printer motor moves the

laser head cartridge across the paper. http2//computer.howstuffwor#s.com/in#>et!printer(.htm for the picture

http://www.answers.com/actuators&r=67http://www.answers.com/actuators&r=67


11/16

Synchro Motor

* type of rotary transformer fi"ed to rotor whichattached to a motor and can be ad>usted. The current

is ad>usted to #eep the rotor and motor operating at a

synchroni-ed speed. The result of this action causes

the parts to wor# in unison. http2//www.answers.com/topic/synchro$ http2//www.thefreedictionary.com/synchro

* ood ;"amples2 the gun turret on a naval destroyerand the film and sound of older movies before

microelectronics.

http://www.answers.com/topic/synchrohttp://www.answers.com/topic/synchro


12/16

Openloop Control

* control loop operated by human intervention

or does not have a feedbac# loop to self ad>ust.http2//www.answers.com/topic/open!loop!controller

;"ample fan that plugs into the wall with no

switch to turn on or off.

8lug %an

into outlet

power on

Fan

operates

at the

speed o%

the motor

9nplug %an

to shut o%%

Fan operates to

%ast to much air

mo(ement blows

papers o% desk


13/16

Closedloop Control

* control!loop operated by a feedbac# loopallowing self ad>usting of the loop.?

mechanical$ optical$ or electronic system that is

used to maintain a desired output.?http2//www.answers.com/topic/control!system

* ood e"ample2 4an with a switch to allow

the speed to be changed

Fan

plugged

in

Fan

turned

on

Fan is

to %ast

papers

blow

around

Switch

turned

down to

lower %an

speed

Fan works

%ine papers

do not blow

around

Fan

speed

can be

ad:usted

or

turned

o%%


14/16

Instrumentation* Instrumentation is defined as @the art and

science of measurement and control@.

Instrumentation is used to refer to the field in

which Instrument technicians and engineers

wor#. Instrumentation also can refer to theavailable methods of measurement and controlen.wi#ipedia.org/wi#i/Instrumentation

* ood e"ample2 the gauges that controlthe boilers for the school heating system


15/16

Standards Addressed in this !nit* Standard (2 Students will

develop an understanding of

the core concepts oftechnology.

* A2 The stability of a

technological system is

influenced by all the

components in the system

especially the feedbac# loop.

* 332 Buality control is planned

to ensure that the product

$service$ or system meets

established criteria.

* 442 *omple" systems have

many layers of controls to

provide information

* Standard C2 Students will

develop an understanding of

the relationships amongtechnologies and

connections between

technology and other fields

of study * '2 Technology innovation often

results when ideas$ #nowledge$

or s#ills are shared within a

technology$ among

technologies or across otherfields.

* 62 Technological progress

promotes the advancement of

science and mathematics.


16/16

Standards Addressed in this !nit

continued* Standard 1:2 Students

will develop anunderstanding of and beable to select and useinformation and

communicationtechnologies.* 2 Information and

communication systems

allow information to betransferred from humanto human$ human tomachine$ and machine tomachine.

*

hsu 4 instrumentation and control systems gh

Documents