html & xhtml introduction. first html 1992 marked-up text to represent a hypertext document for...
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HTML & XHTML
Introduction
First HTML
1992Marked-up text to represent a hypertext
document for transmission over the network
The hypertext mark-up language is an SGML format
The 1st web page was created
Versions of HTML - HTML 2.0
1996Can represent hypertext news, mail,
documentation, and hypermedia; Menus of options; Database query results; Simple structured documents with in-
lined graphics
HTML 3.2
Tables, applets, text-flow around images, superscripts and subscripts
Provided backwards compatibility with the existing HTML 2.0 Standard.
HTML 4.0 & 4.01
Supports more Multimedia optionsScripting languagesStyle sheetsBetter printing facilitiesAccessible to users with disabilities Internationalization of documents Last of HTML
XML
eXtensible Markup Language Developed by the W3CA subset of SGML constituting a
particular text markup language for interchange of structured data
A flexible way to create standard information structure
Share data & structure over the Web
Example
XML fileCSS fileMore at http://www.xml.com/
Sample XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="bellvideo-
css.css"?><!-- File Name: bellvideo.xml --><!DOCTYPE Video [ <!ELEMENT Video (Movie+)> <!ELEMENT Movie (Year, Title, Director, Type,
Actor_Male, Actor_Female, Time, Rating)> <!ELEMENT Year (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Director (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Type (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Actor_Male (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Actor_Female (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Time (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Rating (#PCDATA)>
]>
<Video> <Movie> <Year>1996</Year> <Title>Mission: Impossible</Title> <Director>Brian De Palma</Director> <Type>Action</Type> <Actor_Male>Tom Cruise</Actor_Male> <Actor_Female>Emmanuelle Beart</Actor_Female> <Time>110</Time> <Rating>PG-13</Rating> </Movie><Movie> <Year>2004</Year> <Title>Home on the Range</Title> <Director>Will Finn</Director> <Type>Comedy</Type> <Actor_Male>G.W. Bailey</Actor_Male> <Actor_Female>Roseanne</Actor_Female> <Time>76</Time> <Rating>PG</Rating> </Movie></Video>
HTML + XML XHTML
Extensible Hypertext Markup LanguageApplication of XMLSuccessor to HTML Reformulation of HTML 4.0 in XML 1.0Stricter remaking of HTMLDeprecated tags – phasing out some
tags from HTML 4.01
Rules of XHTML
Use all lowercase letters for tagsNest elements correctly
<b><i>This is wrong.</b></i><b><i>This is right.</i></b>.
Always use end tags End empty elements
<br> <br /> <hr> <hr />Error in page 57 in the textbook
Rules of XHTML (cont.)
Use quotation marks for values<h1 align=center> <h1 align=“center“>
Give every attribute a value<hr noshade />
<hr noshade=“noshade” /> Use code for special characters
<img alt="Me & My Son"> <img alt="Me & My Son">.
Rules of XHTML (cont.)
Use id insead of name < a name=“toc”> <a id=“toc”>
Put styles and scripts in separate fileDeclare DOCTYPE
Resource: http://personalweb.about.com/od/basichtml/a/409xhtml.htm
Template
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>TITLE OF PAGE GOES HERE</title> </head> <body> CONTENT OF PAGE GOES HERE.
</body> </html>