hts wires for energy and magnet technologies
DESCRIPTION
HTS Wires for Energy and Magnet Technologies. Superconductivity and the electricity supply industries November 27th, 2003. TRITHOR HTS WIRE FACILITY IN RHEINBACH. Production Area3300 m² Annual capacity300 km Scalable capacityup to 20,000 km Team 25 employees - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
HTS Wires for Energy and Magnet Technologies
Superconductivity and the electricity supply industries
November 27th, 2003
2
TRITHOR HTS WIRE FACILITY IN RHEINBACH
Production Area 3300 m²
Annual capacity 300 km
Scalable capacity up to 20,000 km
Team 25 employees
Production start 2002
3
Production Process of HTS Wire
• HTS Wire: Silver Alloy sheath – ceramic filaments made of Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O
4
TRITHOR OBJECTIVE AND PRODUCTS
OBJECTIVE
Industrial scale fabrication of HTS wires and components for future commercial applications
in energy and magnet technologies
PRODUCTS
Ag-Bi-2223 tapes for energy applications
AgAu-Bi-2223 tapes for current leads
Twisted conductors for AC applications
Coils for motors and magnets
5
WHICH WIRE FOR WHICH APPLICATION
Application TT standard wire TT ac wire TT gold
Motor/generator X
Cable X X
Transformer / SMES X
Magnets / NMR / MRI X
Current leads X
6
CRITICAL CURRENTS
Je: 74,1 1,4
n: 20,5 0,9
0
25
50
75
0 150 300 450
length [m]
eng
ineer
ing c
ritic
al c
urr
ent den
sity
Je a
t
77K
, 0T
[A
/mm
2]
0
10
20
30
n-v
alu
e
Je
n
BL025-2b
7
GEOMETRY CONTROL
Width: 3.15 0,03
Thickness: 0,221 0,006
0
1
2
3
4
0 150 300 450
length [m]
wid
th [m
m]
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
thic
knes
s [m
m]
w idth
thickness
8
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HTS WIRES at 300K
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
bending diameter [mm]
norm
alis
ed c
urre
nt I
c / I
c0
BL026-2b
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
axial tensile stress [MPa]
norm
alis
ed c
urre
nt Ic
/ Ic
0BL026-2b
9
DEPENDENCE ON MAGNETIC FIELD - parallel
parallel f ield
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f ield [T]
Ic (
T, B
) / I
c (7
7K, 0
T)
par-20K
par-45K
par-77K
M easurement at Twente University, 2003
10
DEPENDENCE ON MAGNETIC FIELD – perpendicular
perpendicular f ield
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f ield [T]
Ic (
T, B
) / I
c (7
7K, 0
T)
perp-20K
perp-45K
perp-77K
M easurement at Twente University, 2003
11
INDUSTRIALLY RELEVANT MATERIALS Horizons
Materials as wiresIndustrially available
4.2K / 0T 20-30K 65-80K 4.2K / 0T 20-30K 65-80KMgB2 >2006 45 €/kAm 90 €/kAm - 1 €/kAm 10 €/kAm -YBCO >2007 250 €/kAm 500 €/kAm 1.000 €/kAm 4 €/kAm 8 €/kAm 15 €/kAmBi2223 2002 (1998) 50 €/kAm 100 €/kAm 200 €/kAm 5 €/kAm 12 €/kAm 25 €/kAm
Today: Cost € per kAm at 2010: Cost € per kAm at
Materials as wiresIndustrially available
Motor / Generator Cable Magnet MRI FCL Transformer
MgB2 >2007 <20K 20K <=20K 20K ? 25KYBCO >2008/9 65-77K 77K <=77K 65K 77K >65KBi2223 1998 25-40K 77K <=40K <=20K 65-77K 65K
Operating temperature for
12
COOLING COST
Investment cost for Cryocooling
0 €/W
200 €/W
400 €/W
600 €/W
800 €/W
1.000 €/W
1.200 €/W
0 K 20 K 40 K 60 K 80 K 100 K
Te m perature
Inve
st
Invest today
Invest 2010
Penalty Factor for Cryocooling
-
50
100
150
200
250
0 K 20 K 40 K 60 K 80 K 100 K
Te m pe rature
Fac
tor
13
AC – APPLICTIONS
• Superconductors have losses due to
• Hysteresis
• Coupling currents
• Losses are dependent on (in magnetic fields above 50mT)
• External magnetic field (~ B²)
• Current (~ I²)
• Frequency (~ f)
• The Superconductor becomes a conductor with very low resistance
• Factors are
• Field B
• Operating Current I
• Frequency f
• Combination of losses, operating temperature, overall efficiency and external factors (e.g. size requirement) determine economic feasibility
14
APPLICATIONS – Generator Advantages
• No-loss excitation
• Doubling of the magnetic field
• Increased utilization of the winding
• High degree of efficiency, low weight, compact construction
Diameter [m] Weight [t] Losses [%]
Source: Siemens AG
1.0
0.6
Comparison of conventional and HTS-excited
1500 kW electric generators
7.5
2.5
5.0
4.0
1.5
Asynchronous generator
Synchronous generator conventional
HTS generator
Copper HTS
Comparison 36.5 MW
Copper HTS
Comparison 36.5 MW
15
APPLICATIONS – Generator Comparison of Weight
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60 80 100
Power [M W]
QE2
Grandeur
Crystal
HTS
Conventional
16
APPLICATIONS – Generator Efficiency
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
rel. motor pow er [%]
mot
or e
ffici
ency
[%
]
Induction 19 MW
Conv Sync 21 MW
HTS 25 MW
17
APPLICATIONS – Transformer Traction HTS transformers
• Reduced weight & space
• Reduced losses, CO-2 savings, no oil cooling
• Higher efficiency, lower weight, compact construction, lower life cycle costs
Comparison of conventional and HTS 1.3 MVA traction transformer
690
4.8
92
Volume [l] Weight [t] Total Losses [kW]
3602.2
7.8
Conventional transformer
HTS transformerSource: Siemens AG
18
APPLICATIONS – Cable Losses in a 5000m Cable System
Verlustaufteilung der Kabelsysteme
0 MW h/Jahr
1.000 MW h/Jahr
2.000 MW h/Jahr
3.000 MW h/Jahr
4.000 MW h/Jahr
5.000 MW h/Jahr
6.000 MW h/Jahr
7.000 MW h/Jahr
8.000 MW h/Jahr
9.000 MW h/Jahr
10.000 MW h/Jahr
Cu400 Cu400-par Cu110 Cu110-par HTS110 HTS110-par
Transformator
Kryostat
Hysterese
Stromzuführung
Dielektrisch
I2R
19
APPLICATIONS – Cable Investing and running costs
Vergleich der Kostenanteile
- €
10.000.000 €
20.000.000 €
30.000.000 €
40.000.000 €
50.000.000 €
60.000.000 €
Cu110 Cu110-par Cu400 Cu400-par HTS110 HTS110-par
Betriebskosten (nurkap. Verluste)
Invest Verlegung,Tiefbau
Invest Trafo
Invest Kabel
20
APPLICATIONS – Cable Worldwide HTS Cables
1000 m HTS cable
21
www.trithor.com
TRITHOR GmbH
Heisenbergstr. 16
53359 Rheinbach
Germany