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EIE-239 E-TOOLWork package 5 Handbook

Doc. no. WP5-D1 – 20.02.2007Prep.by R. Scherer

EIE – 329 E-TOOL

Deliverable WP5– D1

Handbook

Girona 20th February 2007

Prepared by:

DEUCA ENERGIA S.L.

Distributed to EIE-agency and E-TOOL partners



e-tool handbook user’s manual for energy rating of existing buildings



Content

1. Introduction

Objective 3Download the E-TOOL calculation program 3

Outcome of the testing of buildings with E-TOOL 3

Limitations in use 3

Benchmarks 4

2. Methodology

E-TOOL User Data Sheets 5

E-TOOL process 6

E-TOOL report 6

3. Software manual

General Data of the Building 8

· General data 9

Consumption Data 11

· Energy consumption 11

General Characteristics of the Building 12

· Climatization systems 12

· Domestic hot water (DHW) 15

· Lighting 15

· Thermal envelope 16

· Summary 19

Data sheet 20

Questionnaire 20

4. Best practice 21

Denmark 22

Austria 24Greece 26

Spain 29

Bulgaria 32

Slovenia 35

5. Contact 39

Annex

E-TOOL data intake sheets and screen dumps 40



3

1. Introduction

Objective

The overall objective of the E-TOOL is to develop a building energy rating tool

and promote the implementation of the EU building performance directive.

With a focus on an operational and simple tool.

E-TOOL is developed as a common tool for European countries,

accommodating regional climate conditions and regional practices of building

construction.

The E-TOOL handbook is a guide for professionals, to identify energy savings

in existing buildings, based on the actual energy consumption (operational

rating) and to report the most cost effective saving measures to the building

owner.

The E-TOOL handbook is a user ’s manual for the E-TOOL calculation program.

Download the E-TOOL calculation program

The E-TOOL calculation program can be downloaded from www.e-tool.org

Results of the rating of buildings with E-TOOL

The results of the E-TOOL rating comprises following items:

1. Guidelines for typical energy saving measures including costs estimations

for different classifications of existing buildings.

2. Energy performance requirements after energy retrofitting, for different

categories of buildings.

3. Bench-marking of energy consumption of different categories of existing

domestic, commercial and public buildings.

Limitations in use

The E-TOOL is based on the operational rating method that requires

transparent and representative data of the buildings.



4

Benchmarks

The benchmarking of the energy consumption of buildings in based on a

statistical evaluation of energy audits that have been performed with the

present E-TOOL.

Further information on benchmarks is availible on www.e-tool.org.



5

2. Methodology

The E-TOOL is intended to be a simple and operational tool for energy rating of

existing buildings.

E-TOOLSET methodology has three main parts.

· E-TOOL User Data Sheets

· E-TOOL Process

· E-TOOL Report

E-TOOL User Data Sheets

The E-TOOL User Data Sheets, are divided into two different columns.

Data collection:

· General data of the building:

Location

Category

Shape and physical data

Climatized Area

· Climate Data (Degree days)

· Heating, Cooling, Domestic Hot Water, Lighting, Envelope characteristics.

· Energy consumption: Based on metered consumption.

Selection of saving measures:

Typical saving measures in each country, such as

· Changing of boilers

· Changing of windows

· Insulation of walls

· Installation of solar panels



6

E- TOOL process

Internal calculations

The E-TOOL uses several correlations and saving coefficients to calculate theenergy savings obtained with each saving measures.

Additional information

The E-TOOL needs several inputs values that will have to be defined by each

country:

· Average consumption percentage of each use (heating, cooling…)

depending on the type of building and the climatic zone.

· Price of saving measures: The E- TOOL will include the price of the saving

measures for Spain, but as the construction market prices differ a lot

between countries, each country should include their own construction

prices.

· Energy prices and annual rate of increase.

· CO2

emissions of each fuel type.

E- TOOL report

The Final report is obtained after E-TOOL internal process and will include

information about potential savings, initial investment, payback time and CO2

savings for each saving measures.

The E-TOOL user must select the best five saving measures, according to the

payback time and the energy savings achieved. Then, the E-TOOL calculates:

· Total potential savings

· Total investment cost of energy saving measures

· Payback time of the energy saving measures

· Total CO2

savings

· Initial E-TOOL result

· Final E-TOOL result



7

Methodology

E-TOOL User - Data Sheets

Data Collection Saving Measures Selection

1.-General Data Building

2.-Data Consumption

Location

Category

Shape and physical

data

Fuel type

Annual consum

Consumption included

-Heating

-Cooling

-Domestic Hot Water

-Lighting

-Envelope

E-TOOL PROCESS

DATA BASE

-Energy saving coefficients for saving

measures.

-Correlations to calculate energy savings

depending on measure´s characteristics.

INPUTS FOR EACH COUNTRY

-Prices of saving measures.

-Average consumption value depending on

the type of building and the climatic zone.

-Energy prices and annual rate of increase.

-CO2 emissions.

E-TOOL Report

Potential savings, initial investments, pay-back times, CO 2 savings for all saving measure initially selected.

Total potential savings

Total investment cost of energy saving measures

Payback time of the energy saving measures

Total CO2 savings

Initial E-Tool Benchmark

Final E-Tool Benchmark

Best five energy saving measures selection



8

3. Software manual

General instructions

E-TOOL has been developed to give data of the implementation of savingmeasures in existing buildings, quantifying the saving of energy and CO

2

emissions and cost-benefit of these measures.

Instructions to fill in the formulary

In order to fill in the following forms, please read carefully the instructions

below.

Each time that a building is going to be evaluated, a different name should

be given to each work file in order to keep up the initial version. To save the

document just click on the “save” button and next it will appear a dialog box

to write the name of the document. In order to start introducing building

characteristics click in the “start” button in the Front Page.

Essential advices to run the software correctly

1. All the boxes existing must be filled in (if the user forget to fill any box, a

message appears). In the saving measures only fill in the desired ones.

2. When introducing numeric values the decimal separador will depend on the

regional settings. Take care when introducing the glass coefficient K.

3. User can print the whole document or just parts of it, click on “print” in the

menu bar.

4. When opening the excel sheet macros must be fitted out, if this does not

happen they must be fitted out. To do this the configuration must be

changed, in the Excel sheet go to “Tools” in the menu bar, then Options/

Security/Macros security and here the selection must be changed to Medium

or Low.

General data of the building

This form will be filled in with the shape and physical data of the building, and

the location characteristics. There are also some fields of general information.



9

General data

Climatic zone: All the countries do not have the same climatic in the whole

area. This fact has a direct influence in the percentage of consumption by

categories and by type of building. Depending on the selection the program

will take the data from different cells of the consumption data table of the data

sheet. This table (Figure 1) must include values in all the boxes even when the

country only has one climatic zone. In case of having only one climatic zone it

does not matter the climatic zone selected because all have the same value. In

Figure 1 of having only one climatic zone is represented.

Figure 1: Porcentual energy consumption (kWh annual)

Heating cooling lighting equipment DHW

warm Zone 44,2 % 20,3 % 5,0 % 16,0 % 14,5 %

Single dwelling medium Zone 44,2 % 20,3 % 5,0 % 16,0 % 14,5 %cold Zone 44,2 % 20,3 % 5,0 % 16,0 % 14,5 %

Degree-days of heating (DDH): DDH are calculated as the sum of all the

differences between the average month temperature and 15ºC. The base

temperature is the one over which the DDH introduced in this box have been

calculated.

Degree-days of cooling (DDC): DDC are calculated as the sum of all the

differences between the average month temperature and 18ºC. The base

temperature is the one over which the DDC introduced in this box have been

calculated.

Type of Building: A cross will be made on the box from the list below

corresponding to the building in evaluation. Public building category has not

been considered due to the wide construction typology that can have.

Total area of the building or dwelling: Useful area.

Total volume of the building or dwelling: Useful volume.

Heavyweight construction: when the construction is a typical one, that

consists of a wall of brick or a wall of concrete blocks with inner insulation, an

air chamber, a narrow brick wall and a layer plaster or similar.

Lightweight construction: when the construction is a typical one that

consists of a wall of brick or a wall of concrete blocks with outer insulation, an

air chamber, a narrow brick wall and a plaster layer or similar.

Window total area: This value is very important to the further calculation of

the saving measures applied to the windows.

Window total perimeter: This value should be measure by the tester, and

as the window total area, it is very important for the calculation of the saving

measures applied to the windows.



10

Heated area: In this box only the m2 of the different sites in the building

(rooms, aisles, premises, atrium …) where there is a heating system will be

recorded.

Cooled area: In this box only the m2 of those sites in the building

(rooms, aisles, atrium …) where there is a cooling system will be recorded.

Heated volume: In this box only the m3 of those sites in the building

(rooms, aisles, atrium …) where there is a heating system will be recorded.

Cooled volume: In this box only the m3 of those sites in the building

(rooms, aisles, atrium …) where there is a cooling system will be recorded.

Example: The heated atrium of a building would count on box “Heated area”

with its useful area, adding on the rest of the building surfaces. In

the box “Heated volume” the total volume of the atrium will be

added to the rest of the building volume.

Area limiting with unconditioned spaces: Total area of the conditioned

zone that is adjacent to the unconditioned spaces.



11

Consumption data

Energy consumption

Three invoice boxes (all the same), which will be enough to fill in the data of

energy consumption of the building, have been included here. In each invoice

box only the data belonging to the same invoice shall be filled in (only one

supplier). i.e. the box “Annual consumption” shall be filled in with the data

from the invoice of the light supplying company, box “Annual consumption”

shall be filled in with the data from the invoice of the gas supplying company

so will be done with the others. If, by instance, all the expenses are electrical,

therefore there is only one invoice, only one box will be filled in leaving the

others empty.

Fuel type: This box will be filled in with the invoice of the fuel used, that is,

electricity, natural gas, oil, coal, biomass …

Units: This box will be filled in with the fuel measure unit. For each type of

fuel there are specific units to introduce its energetic consumption. In case of

selecting an incorrect unit, an error message will appear till a suitable unit is

chosen.

Consumption included in this invoice: Here, the different items included

on the invoice should be marked with an X.

Example 1. A school where heating and cookers are run with gas, andlighting, the rest of the equipment (dishwashers, washing

machines…) and DHW (domestic hot water) production run

with electricity. The lighting, the equipment and DHW sections,

in the box corresponding to the electricity invoice should be

marked with an X and the heating and the equipment sections

corresponding to the gas invoice.

Example 2. A building where the heating is based on a gas oil boiler and

the rest is electrical, the lighting, the equipment, DHW and the

cooling (if it exists) in the box of the electricity invoice should bemarked with an X and the heating sections in the box belonging

to the invoice of the gas oil supplier.

Total consumption (kWh): This box shall not be filled in, because it is

automatically filled in by the program. It gives the total consumption in kWh.



12

General characteristics of the building

This form is made up of two data columns on each page. The one on the left

makes reference to the building equipment as the current situation regarding

climatization, lighting, DHW, occupation and building closure systems, whereas

the one on the right contains a set of possible measures to be performed

starting on the original equipment in order to improve the thermal comfort of

the building and to reduce the energy consumption.

To fill this form in it will be enough to mark those boxes where the equipment

described exist.

Climatization systems

Heating system

Heating: This box gives the heating consumption in kWh/year per square

meter heated, before installing the savings measures.

Type:

Individual: This box should be selected when each dwelling has its own

heating system.

Central: Central heating refers to heating systems where a building or an

area (district) are supplied with the same heating system.

System:

To avoid a wide range of possibilities, it have been selected the most

representative systems which implementation cost are known and with a

value more or less constant.

Boiler + radiator: this selection includes any type of heating system by

water, that consists of a boiler and emissive elements, independently of

the type of boiler, the type of fuel or the emissive elements.

Individual heaters: this selection includes any heating system without

boiler, in which the emissive elements are independent between them

(wood heater, electrical radiators …) and independent of the used fuel.

District Heating

Heat pump: This system implies a heat pump used to heat air, that would

be delivered to heat the dwelling, the hotel ...



13

Figure 2

State of the installation: “Age” of the installation.

Fuel Type. Type of fuel used by the heating system.

NOTE: Depending on the selected boxes there would be activated differentsaving measures. Depending if the system is individual or central, different

types of systems can be selected, each type of system also gives rise to choose

between different kinds of fuels. In case there is a mistake in the selection, an

error message appears: “Heating system characteristics not considered. Check

the boxes”.

Saving measures:

Those measures applicable to the building will be filled in, depending on the

data collected of the general characteristics of the building. It should be takeninto account the viability of the saving measures to adopt.

There are some saving measures that have not been considered due either to

the low energy relevancy that they have or to the incongruences. If they are

selected there would appear after clicking the forward box a message saying

“Saving option not considered for these heating characteristics. Choose another

one”

Installing a modern boiler: This measure consists of changing the existing

boiler to a condensation one without changing the original fuel type.

Changing boiler + fuel: This measure consists of changing the existing boiler

to a condensation one changing the original fuel type to:

Gas: In case that a pre-installation of this fuel exists.

Oil: In case that a pre-installation of gas does not exist.

Biomass: In case that a pre-installation of biomass does not exist.

Installing an individual heat pump: This measure consists of substituting the

original heating system to a high efficiency heat pump.



14

Insulate the pipes: When this box is marked, the number of meters that would

be insulated must be introduced.

Installing thermostat: In case of marking this box, the one below should be

filled in to have savings, because if it is not marked there would be no savings.

The number of thermostat that would be placed must be indicated here.

Reducing heating set point (ºC): This box allow to reduce the habitual set point

in the dwelling in study as much of 5ºC.

Cooling system

Cooling: This box gives the cooling consumption in kWh/year per square meter

cooled, before installing the saving measures.

System: To avoid a wide range of possibilities, it have been selected the most

representative systems which implementation cost are known and with a value

more or less constant.

Absorption: This box should be marked if the installation has an

absorption system.

Saving measures: This box gives the heating consumption in kWh/year in

square meter cooled before installing the savings measures.

Installing HVAC with fancoils or other systems: This measure consists of

changing the existing HVAC to a system running with fancoils with one ormore inner units and with one or more outer units, which would work

as compressors or as compressors/condensers depending on the use of

the system as heating or as heat pump. There are other systems of HVAC

that usually are centralized with heat production or with cooled water

trough boilers, coolers or heat pumps, that can also have and additional

contribution of outer air.

Installing thermostat: In case of marking this box, the one below should

be filled in to have savings, because if it is not marked there would be no

savings.

Increasing cooling set point (ºC): This box allow to increase the habitual

set point in the dwelling in study as much of 5ºC.

NOTE: Absorption system has been not included in the saving measures

because it is risky to give the cost price and the savings produced with the

measure. A particular study for each building should be made.



15

Domestic hot water (DHW)

DHW consumption: This box gives consumption of the DHW in kWh/year per

useful square meter, before installing the savings measures.

Saving measures:

Installing water saving systems: This measure is related to any mobile or fix

system, installed in the taps or in the pipes, that involves a flow reduction

being it because of either an air introduction or other mechanism. It must

be indicated in the box “number of taps”, the number of taps in which a water

saving system would be placed.

Installing a solar collector system: This measure is referred to the installation

of solar collectors to supply DHW, with independence of the collector type and

the installation type.

Fraction of heating load: In this box it should be marked the

percentage that the installed saving measure supplies. It depends on the

collector type, climatic zone, collector surface…).

Solar collector area: Here it must be indicated the area of solar

collector that would be installed.

Lighting

Lights/Regulation: This box gives consumption of the equipment in kWh/year

per useful square meter, before installing the saving measures

Type of prevailing lights: It should be marked only ONE box corresponding

to the type of predominant lighting (approx. 80%).

Saving measures:

Changing all lights to low consumption ones: Low consumption lights are the

ones that exist in the user market with this name, i.e. Osram Dulux Longlife,General Electric. Biax Electronic, Sylvania. Mini-Lynx Economy …

Number of light bulbs: It is important to do the calculation to indicate

how many light bulbs would be changed.



16

Thermal envelope

Insulation:

External wall insulation:

Initial insulation (cm): This box should be filled in with the existing

insulation thickness in centimetres. If this value was unknown, the

expert person would fill it in according to the building age, the building

rules valid for the remodelling year in this particular location, particular

experience …

Insulation on ceiling/walls in contact with no heated spaces

Initial insulation (cm): This box should be filled in with the existing

insulation thickness in centimetres. If this value was unknown, the

expert person would fill it in according to the building age, the buildingrules valid for the remodelling year in this particular location, particular

experience …

Saving measures for insulation:

Additional insulation in external walls (cm): Additional insulation that will be

place (no the total insulation).

Placing it externally

Placing it internally

Placing it in the air chamber

Additional insulation in on ceiling/walls in contact with no heated

spaces (cm):

Placing it externally

Placing it internally

Placing it in the air chamber

These boxes would be only used to

calculate the Payback time, because

its price cost is different.

These boxes would be only used to

calculate the Payback time, because

its price cost is different.

}

}



17

Openings:

Windows characteristics: These characteristics refer to the initial conditions of

the window.

Glazing: Depending on the window typology. (Note: it has been chosenthe most representative due to the wide existing typology).

Frame Material: This box is easy to fill in.

Window air leakage: It should be marked the box that better describes

the amount of air lost through the different parts of the window.

Shadowing:

Double window: See Figure 5

Roller blind: See Figure 6.

Opaque shutter: See Figure 7.

Awning: See Figure 8.



18

Reflective curtain: See Figure 9.

Saving measures for openings:

Glazing : This measure implies changing the glazing to other better that the

existing one. The expert person should fill in the U-value (W/m2ºC) of the

glazing that would be installed as saving measure. This measure has been

chosen due to the infinity of glazing that exists in the market (low-e, reflexive,

solar control, air chamber with inert gases…)

Frame material: It should be marked the material that would be installed (1).

(1) All these saving measures imply a U-value.



19

Summary

In the first part of the summary appears a table with all the saving measures

that have been selected during the filling in the formulary. Next to this table

there are four columns that are described here.

The first column corresponds to the corresponding saving measure in kWh/

m2A. The second one is the predicted initial inversion for this saving measure.

(Note: It has been supposed useful square meter for lighting and DHW, and

cooled m2 and heated m2 for cooling and heating respectively). The third

column gives the Payback time of each measure individually. (Note: It has

been used to calculate the amortization the simple method of Payback time

given by the next equation: Payback time= Initial Inversion / Annual Energy

Saving (2) ).

(2) To calculate the energy saving there have been taken into account the service life time of the s aving measure, the average

price of the fuel saved during the equivalent period of this measure, and the annual increased price for each fuel.

In the fourth column the prevented CO2tonnes with the implementation of this

measure have been stated.

In the right side of this table, there are some selections boxes from which only

5 must be selected. (The selected measures are the ones that would take into

account in the next global calculation). The five selected measures with the

total energy saving in kWh/m2A, the total inversion and the Payback time of

these 5 measures.

Note: It is obvious that the produced savings due to the five measures is not

the sum of the entire individual saving of each measure, because some of

them could interact between them.

The benchmarking of the energy qualification appears in the low part of the

page, before and after implementing the saving measures.



20

Data sheet

This data sheet is to introduce the data that later would be used to do the

calculation, and must be filled in by the expert people of each country.

Data only would be inserted in the green cells.

Table 1: Consumption data. Every country should fill in this table with the

distribution of percentage of energy consumption by categories, climatic zones

and type of building.

Table 2: Prices table. The values of this table are different in each type of

building, and should be filled in for each type of building.

· Saving measures: This table should be filled in with each measure prices

in euros.

· Energy price: This table should be filled in with the final energy cost for

each of the fuels considered in �/kWh.

· Annual rate: This table should be filled in with percentage increased in

the estimated energy price for each of the considered fuels.

The reliability of the results would depend on the precision of these data.

Questionnaire

When you finish running the test, please answer the questionnaire, attached

at the end of the tool. This questionnaire would be used to improve the tool

and to take into account the opinions of all the people involved in the testers.

Filling in the questionnaire is intuitive.

Essential advices to run the software correctly

1. All the boxes existing must be filled in (if the user forget to fill any box, a

message appears). In the saving measures only fill in the desired ones.

2. When introducing numeric values the decimal separador will depend on

the regional settings. Take care when introducing the glass coefficient K.

3. User can print the whole document or just parts of it, click on “print” in

the menu bar.

4. When opening the excel sheet macros must be fitted out, if this does not

happen they must be fitted out. To do this the configuration must be

changed, in the Excel sheet go to “Tools” in the menu bar, then Options/

Security/Macros security and here the selection must be changed to

Medium or Low.



21

4. Best practice

The experiences in using the E-TOOL for the testing of buildings in the different

partner countries can be summarized as best practice. This refers to several

aspects that are to be taken into account with the energy audit by E-TOOL, such

as:

· Qualification of auditors

· Test procedures

· Building categories

· Benchmarks

· Top energy saving measures

· Limits of E-TOOL

· Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

· Typical buildings

· Additional features



22

Denmark

Qualification of auditors

The audits were performed by experienced auditors and energy advisers after

short instruction in the use of E-TOOL. It is import to ensure the auditors have

a global understanding of heat loses and heat production in buildings.

Test procedures

The testing and data collection took place at site visits after pre-arrangement

with the owners of the single family houses and apartment buildings.

The heat consumption, in a group of family houses supplied with hot water

from central heating plant, was examined by the supplier and followed-up by

testing different buildings with E-TOOL.

Building categories

The Best Practice achieved in Denmark has been based on testing the E-TOOL

on existing single family houses and apartment buildings. The most frequent

energy sources used for heating are natural gas, district heating, fuel oil,

biomass, electricity. The annual heat demand in buildings is equivalent to2700 degree days at reference 15° C.

Benchmarks

Benchmarks for heat consumption in existing building stock are available. The

results of the E-TOOL in kWh/m2 were benchmarked with Danish benchmarks

generated from 40.000 energy labelling certificates.

Top energy saving measures

The most frequent saving measures have been:

· New condensing boiler

· Change to heat reflecting window glaze

· Tightening of air filtration at door/ window frames and at junctions of

structure elements.

· Additional insulation to building elements

· Automatic temperature control



23

Pay-back

The pay-back time is calculated on the basis of official price lists for material

and labour costs. The owner is recommended to ask local contractors for

prices.

Typical buildings

Additional features

Thermography, with a handheld IR-camera, has extensively been used. With

this technology has the quality of the survey and the test results improved

considerably.

Outside building with

floor screed heating.



24

Austria


The E-TOOL specialists were recruited among the network of energy

consultants. The specialists have different backgrounds, all experts have

several years experience in the field of energy advice in commercial and public

buildings as well as in the industry.

To ensure a high know-how level and to enlarge the expert-network, training

seminars for energy management in commercial buildings were organised.

For the success of the E-TOOL it is crucial that only qualified advisers use it.

Very often the results have to be interpreted or may lead to misunderstanding,if the adviser would not have the know-how and experience to clarify data or

realise if a mistake has occurred. It is risky, if inexperienced persons handle the

tool and especially if not all data required by the tool are available, the advisor

has to interpret the results properly and even in some cases has to assess data.

For that a high level of know-how and experience is required.

Test procedures

In order to prepare the testing and to identify potential buildings for the testing

activities, several companies were interviewed and asked about their planned

building activities. The building owners were asked about the importance of

energy performance indicators when refurbishing their buildings or planning

new buildings.

Building categories

The E-TOOL was mainly tested in the following building categories:

· Hotels (main category)

· Offices

· Shops

Benchmarks

Most of the buildings tested were built after 1970, the average heated area is

around 1,300 m². The average indicator is about 162 kWh/m²a and could be

reduced to 98 kWh/m²a after renovation.



25


Typical measures suggested by the advisers were the installation of solar

collectors for hot water provision (especially attractive for hotels with high

hot water consumption), energy efficient lighting (e.g. energy saving bulbs),

insulation of pipes (heating and hot water system), exchange of windows or

glasses, insulation of walls and roofs and water saving fittings.

Limits of E-TOOL

Although it is in some cases challenging to obtain the building data for

completing the E-TOOL, it is a useful instrument to assess building qualities and

to show the building owner the potential of energy efficiency measures.

Investment, Energy Saving, Payback

On average 140.390 kWh saving could be achieved annually by implementing

the suggested measures, which would result in about 41.270 € investment

costs.

Typical buildings



26

Greece


It was decided that the energy experts who would undertake the energy

audits, would combine an appropriate academic background among with a

relative working experience in the fields of buildings and energy conservation.

The academic background of the auditors belonged to one of the following

disciplines:

· Architecture or Architectural Engineering,

· Civil Engineering,

· Mechanical Engineering

· Electrical Engineering,

· Building Services Engineering

Building categories

The categories of public buildings that E-TOOL was implemented included the

following:

· Administration Offices – Public Services,

· Social Centers for elderly people,

· Schools – Educational Institutions,

· Cultural Centers,

· Public Libraries,

· Exhibition Halls.

Benchmarks

The average annual energy consumption of a non – insulated building at the

3rd Climatic Zone (North Greece – Thessaloniki) varies between 156 - 375

kWh/m2.


The most applicable and cost effective energy conservation measures,

proposed within the framework of the current project, are:



27

1. Insulation of external-internal walls.

2. Replacement of single glazing by double.

3. Installation of modern boilers running with natural gas instead of oil.

4. Proper maintenance of boilers and air-conditioning units.

5. Thermal insulation of heat distribution pipes.

6. Installation of energy efficient lamps.

7. Heating – Cooling systems temperature regulation. Installation of heating

– cooling thermostats.

8. Installation of external blinds or awnings.

9. Installation of solar panels – thermosyphons for heating water.

10. Sealing windows’ air gaps.

The range of energy conservation percentages per intervention are shown at

the following Table.

Energy Saving Intervention Energy Saving Conservation (%)

Additional Insulation 17 - 44

Double Glazed Windows – Openings 5 - 7

Energy Efficient Lamps 24 -55

Limits of E-TOOL

Data availability

E – Tool is an effective rating tool for public buildings that either have simple

forms, or for more massive and complex building that can be easily divided

into more simple ones. Like all operational tools, the acquisition of energy dataand /or the data’s allocation into different building’s sectors and use, is the

most crucial factor for the program’s reliable use.

Division of complex buildings in different sectors

It was concluded that E-TOOL, though a very friendly and time – saving

program, is not appropriate for big or complex buildings, or buildings with

sectors of different uses. In such cases it is proposed to apply the methodology

for every sector or building department separately.



28

Typical buildings



29

Spain


The E-TOOL testing was performed by engineers, architects and energy experts

that have been trained previously.

Test procedures

The test procedure was focussing of the determination of the most adequate

public buildings that were audited. The main criteria of the choice of buildings

were the availability of the necessary input data, such as energy consumptions

and constructive plans.

All buildings have been visited together with the building owner.

Building categories

The types of public buildings that are been chosen are as follows:

· Schools – Educational Institutions

· Municipal Offices

· Sports Halls

· Libraries – Cultural Centres

· Fire – Police Departments

· Various Public Services.

Benchmarks

The average energy consumption of schools arises to 100 kWh/m2, with a range

from 70 to 150 kWh/m2 which includes heating and electricity. No coolinginstallations exist. It has to be taken into account that the schools are closed

for 3 months in summer time.



30


1. Windows: changing of frames without thermal bridges

2. Windows: changing from single to double glazing

3. Windows: sealing of leakage

4. Heating system: changing of boilers (> 20 years old)

5. Heating system: installation of regulation system

6. Heating system: installation of thermostats

7. Water: installation of water saving systems (WC)

8. Hot water: installation thermal panels for hot water production (kitchens

of the public schools)

9. Electricity: installation of presence detectors (corridors)

10. Electricity: install low consumptions lamps (all)

Limits of E-TOOL

· Non availability of buildings’ drawings – studies

· Non availability of energy consumption data

· Non availability of benchmark data prior to the project

· Buildings with multiple use and thus different energy consumption

behaviour

It is important to underline that the energy consumption is strongly depending

on the user’s habits as well as on the usage of different heating and cooling

devices, such as gas or gas-oil boilers, electrical heaters, air condition

installations.

Due to the fact that within one large administrative building is have been

found that different areas exist, the E-TOOL was therefore applied on these

different zones.

Therefore, it has been possible to reveal the influence especially of the

different energy sources.


The application of the proposed energy saving measures would lead to an

estimated reduction of 25%. Nevertheless, the investment in these measures

are based on the financial planning of the building owner.



31

Typical buildings



32

Bulgaria


For E-TOOL testing there have been recruited experts from energy consulting

companies and the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy

from Sofia. Most of these experts have attended training courses for building

certification.

Test procedures

· On-site visit and interview with all owners

· On-site interview of building managers

· Telephone interview of building manager

Building categories

The tests are made on residential buildings.


· Insulation of external walls

· Insulation of roof

· Insulation of ceiling in basement

· Draught-proofing of windows

· Change of windows (when they are too damaged)

· Improvement of the heating system

(balance, insulation of pipes, installation of heat meters)

· Change of fuel (for buildings heated with electricity)

· Installation of solar collectors

(at whole refurbishment, including change of water-supplying system)

· Installation of low-energy lamps

· Installation of thermal pump



33

Limits of E-TOOL

· The real energy consumption in multi-dwelling buildings in Bulgaria is

not relevant for testing the building, as many households do not heat the

whole dwelling or maintain very low temperature in the rooms. When

using the data from the energy bills it appears that the building does not

need any improvement. This is because we assess not the building, but

the user behaviour

· For energy certification in Bulgaria we have to assess the whole building,

its qualities and energy characteristics. It is not possible to make this

assessment flat by flat.

· It is very difficult to collect the data regarding the energy consumption.

There is always something missing (either invoices for heating or for

electricity)

· Building can be assessed as a whole with regard to the heat energy

consumption, as there is available data from the district heating

companies. But it is not possible to have such data for consumption of

electricity as each flat has its own electrical meter.

· The E-TOOL is very useful at the beginning of the refurbishment process,

as different energy saving measures can be easily assessed.

· The E-TOOL is also useful for public buildings as schools and hospitals

were the indoor temperature should reach a minimal required comfort

and the building is managed by one organisation.


The payback period for the different energy measures implemented at

refurbishment is:

· Thermal insulation of external walls – 8 years;

· Thermal insulation of roof (water-proofing of roof excluded) – 4,5 years;

· Thermal insulation and water-proofing of roof – 15,5 years;

· Thermal insulation of basement’s ceiling – 9 years;

· Repair and draught-proofing of windows and external doors – 4 years;

· Replacement of windows – 20 years;

· Installation of local heating (change of fuel) – 11 years.



34

Typical buildings

Target groups

The target groups for the E-TOOL guidebook in Bulgaria are:

· Energy auditors

· Architects

· Building engineers

· Building experts from municipalities



35

Slovenia


The E-TOOL testing experts were recruited from the energy advisors working in

Slovenian energy advisory network ENSVET. Additional testing of E-TOOL was

done by the experts from the project team, that daily work in energy advisory

and energy auditing. All experts who were involved in testing of E-TOOL have

got at least university degree education. The specialists were mainly service

engineers and civil engineers and/or architects, most of them already passed

an additional training seminar in energy advisory in buildings and households

and have got a lot of working experience in energy efficiency in building sector.

An additional short training (instructions) was organised for introduction of

E-TOOL and for understanding of the scope of the testing.

Test procedures

The applicability of E-TOOL in different context of test applications:

· Survey on-site it is often very acceptable, but time consuming

· Workshop interview (direct discussion with a client during advisory

session or other event) is a very acceptable way of using E-TOOL, but the

final outcome depends on the quality of the data clients prepare before

the discussion

· Telephone interview it is less acceptable than workshop interview

because of indirect communication between clients and experts the

technical information can not be successfully transmitted.

Building categories

In Slovenia E-TOOL was tested on residential and public buildings (schools and

other municipal buildings). The buildings of all age groups were involved in

testing, but a special focus was put on the age categories 1961-1980.

Benchmarks

From the above test cases of E-TOOL implementation the initial and final

benchmarks of energy consumption were obtained. The following figure

represents the delivered energy used in 550 cases. The benchmarks reflect the

specific profile of the building use.



36

Initial and final benchmark of energy consumption per various buildingscategories


· Refurbishment of roof structures with 20-30 cm of insulation material.

· Thermal insulation layer on external walls

· Installation of new boilers

· Replacement of windows in existing buildings.

· Installation of solar collectors

Installing solar collectors

221,3

176,8

194,0

232,7

151,7

100,3

126,1

143,9

0,0

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

250,0

BLOCK OF DWELLINGS SCHOOLS MUNICIPAL BUI LDINGS SINGLE DWELLING

INITIAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK

FINAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK



37

Energy consumption before and after E-TOOL set of proposals for schools

Most frequent measures for schools

Limits of E-TOOL

The buildings are mostly heated by oil, natural gas or by biomass. Solar panels

are used in some of them for the provision of domestic hot water. Most of

buildings have a central heating system with radiators, air – conditionedby split units, fan – coils or central units. A significant difficulty confronted

during the E-TOOL testing preparation phase, was the finding of the buildings’

energy data, plans and technical construction data, due to inexistence and

bureaucratic procedures, respectively.


The investment in the measure, the energy savings and the pay-back period

of energy saving refurbishment measures may vary significantly from case

to case, and it is dependant on the condition the building and the replaced

0

5

10

15

20

INSTALLMODERN

BOILER

INSULATE THE

PIPES

REDUCE HEATING

SET POINT

INSTALLING

WATERSAVING

INSTALLING A

SOLAR

COLLECTOR

SYSTEM

CHANGING ALL

LIGHTS TO LOW

CONSUMPTION

INSTALLING

PRESENCE

DETECTOR

INSULATING

EXTERNAL

WALLS(outersideof

thewall)

CHANGE

WINDOWS

INSULATING

WALLS CLOSE TO

UNCONDITIONED

SPACES

INSULATING ROOF

School

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ENERGY CONSUMPTION BEFORE SAVING

MEASURES

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AFTER SAVING

MEASURES

PAYBACK TIME OF THE ENERGY SAVING

MEASURES



38

element or system and on anticipated energy savings. In buildings it is very

important to do the energy renovation in accordance to regular maintenance

and repair works.

Average payback periods for 5 most frequently recommended energy measures

and recommended refurbishment scenarios:

· Thermal insulation of roof: 3-5 years;

· Thermal insulation of external walls: 8-12 years;

· Installation of solar collectors: 8-16 years;

· Replacement of old boiler (change boiler): 8-12 years;

· Replacement of windows: 14-18 years;



39

Contact

Partner 1: Naturgas Midt- Nord (NGMN), Denmark

(PROJECT COORDINATOR)

www.naturgas.dk

Partner 2: (CENER), Spain

www.cener.com

Partner 3: Ober-Österreich Energiesparverband ESV, Austria

www.esv.or.at

Partner 4: Thessaloniki Metropolitan Development Agency (TMDA), Greece

www.mitropolitiki.gr

Partner 5: Sigma Consultants Ltd (SIGMA), Greece

www.sigmaconsultants.gr

Partner 6: Sofia Energy Centre (SEC), Bulgaria

www.sec.bg

Partner 7: Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZRMK), Slovenia

www.gi-zrmk.si

Partner 8: Deuca Energia S.L. (DEUCA), Spain

Mail: [email protected]

DEUCA ENERGIA S.L.



40

Page 1 of 8

Prepared by date

Controlled by revision date

Identification Number

GENERAL DATA

BUILDING NAME

OWNER

LOCATION

ADDRESS

CITY COUNTRY

CLIMATIC ZONE

DEGREE-DAYS OF HEATING (temperature base= 15º) Medium Zone

DEGREE-DAYS OF COOLING (temperature base= 18º) Warm Zone

CATEGORY

TYPE OF BUILDING

SHAPE AND PHYSICAL DATA

TOTAL AREA OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m )

TOTAL VOLUME OF THE BUILDING OR DWELLING (m3)

TOTAL EXTERNAL AREA (m2)

,

CLIMATIZED AREA

HEATED AREA (m2) HEATED VOLUME (m

3)

COOLED AREA (m2) COOLED VOLUME (m

3)

GENERAL DATA OF THE BUILDING

0

00

0

0

0

0

0

Medium Zone

SINGLE DWELLING

HOTEL

OFFICE BLOCK SHOPPING CENTRE

SCHOOL

BLOCK OF DWELLINGS

HEAVYWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION

LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION

YES NO

PREVIOUS FORWARD

0

0

YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION OR

LAST RENOVATION YEAR

0WINDOW TOTAL AREA: m2

0WINDOW TOTAL PERIMETER: mNUMBER OF FLOORS

COVERED ATRIUM

AREA LIMITING WITH UNCONDITIONED SPACE 0

Annex: Software sheets



41

Page 2 of 8

Prepared by date



ENERGY CONSUMPTION

INVOICE YEAR

FUEL TYPE

Electricity 1

Gas 2

ANNUAL CONSUM UNITS Coal 3

Biomass 4

Fuel-Oil 5

CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE Other Petroleum 6

(no-fuel) 7

l

m3

ton

KWh

TOTAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

FUEL TYPE

ANNUAL CONSUM UNITS

CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE


FUEL TYPE

ANNUAL CONSUM UNITS

CONSUMPTION INCLUDED IN THIS INVOICE


CONSUMPTION DATA

0

(no-fuel)

KWhKWh00

DHWDHW

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENTCOOLINGCOOLING

LIGHTINGLIGHTINGHEATINGHEATING

0,

(no-fuel)

KWhKWh

00

DHWDHW



0,

(no-fuel)

KWhKWh00

DHWDHW



0,

PREVIOUS FORWARD



42

Page 3 of 8

Prepared by date



1- CLIMATIZATION SYSTEMS

1.1.1-HEATING SYSTEM

1.1.2- TYPE

1.1.3- PRINCIPAL SYSTEM

1.1.4- STATE OF THE INSTALLATION

1.1.5- FUEL TYPE

1.1.6-OTHER

1.1-SAVING MEASURES

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING

1.1- HEATING 79,89 KWh/m2

YES NO

CENTRALCENTRALINDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL

INDIVIDUAL HEATERSINDIVIDUAL HEATERS

HEAT PUMPHEAT PUMP

BOILER+RADIATORBOILER+RADIATOR

(no-fuel)(no-fuel)

INSTALLING A MODERN BOILERINSTALLING A MODERN BOILER

INSULATE THE PIPESINSULATE THE PIPES

CLEAN THE BURNERSCLEAN THE BURNERS

CHANGING BOILER+FUELCHANGING BOILER+FUEL

INSTALLING THERMOSTATINSTALLING THERMOSTAT

22

>20 YEARS>20 YEARS

10-20 YEARS10-20 YEARS

<10 YEARS<10 YEARS

PIPE WITHOUT INSULATIONPIPE WITHOUT INSULATION

DIRTY BURNERSDIRTY BURNERS

GASGAS FUEL-OILFUEL-OIL

INSTALLING AN INDIVIDUAL HEAT PUMPINSTALLING AN INDIVIDUAL HEAT PUMP

PREVIOUS FORWARD

WITH REGUALTION SYSTEMWITH REGUALTION SYSTEM

WITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEMWITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEM REDUCING HEATING SET POINT (ºC)REDUCING HEATING SET POINT (ºC)

2020

11 unitsunits

DISTRICT HEATINGDISTRICT HEATING

BIOMASSBIOMASS

total lenght (m)total lenght (m)



43

Page 4 of 8

Prepared by date



1- CLIMATIZATION SYSTEMS

1.2- COOLING

1.2.1- COOLING SYSTEM

1.2.2- TYPE

1.2.3- SYSTEM

1.1.4- STATE OF THE INSTALLATION

1.2.5- FUEL TYPE

1.2.6- REGULATION SYSTEMS (THERMOSTAT)


1.2- SAVING MEASURES9,66 KWh/m2

YES NO


ABSORPTIONABSORPTION

TRADITIONAL HVACTRADITIONAL HVAC

INSTALLING HIGHINSTALLING HIGH

EFFICIENCY HVACEFFICIENCY HVAC

INSTALLING THERMOSTATINSTALLING THERMOSTAT

22

PREVIOUS FORWARD

GASGAS ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY

>15 YEARS>15 YEARS

<15 YEARS<15 YEARS

WITH REGUALTION SYSTEMWITH REGUALTION SYSTEM

WITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEMWITHOUT REGULATION SYSTEMINCREASING COOLING SET POINT (ºC)INCREASING COOLING SET POINT (ºC)


YES NO

1 units



44

Page 6 of 8

Prepared by date



3- LIGHTING

3.1- TYPE OF PREVAILING LIGHTS

3.2- LIGHTING REGULATION


3.1- LIGHTS / REGULATION 3.1- SAVING MEASURES9,28 KWh/m2

FLUORESCENT

HALOGEN

INCANDESCENT

LOW CONSUMPTION

NO PRESENCE DETECTORS IN

SHARED SPACES

CHANGING ALL LIGHTS:

LOW CONSUMPTION

INSTALLING PRESENCE DETECTORSINSTALLING PRESENCE DETECTORS

1010 Total number of light bulbsTotal number of light bulbs

1010 Number of presence detectorNumber of presence detector

Page 5 of 8

Prepared by date



2- DOMESTIC HOT WATER

2.1- TAPS

2.2-FUEL TYPE

2.2- THERMAL SOLAR COLLECTORS


2.1- DHW CONSUMPTION 2.1- SAVING MEASURES20,11KWh/m2

STANDAR TAPS INSTALLING WATERINSTALLING WATER

SAVING SYSTEMSSAVING SYSTEMS

YES NO 7070

INSTALLING A SOLARCOLLECTOR SYSTEM

PREVIOUS FORWARD

55

Fraction of DHW loadFraction of DHW load

Solar collector area (m2)Solar collector area (m2)

1010 Total number of tapsTotal number of tapsGas



45

Page 7 of 8

Prepared by date



4- THERMAL ENVELOPE

4.1- INSULATION

4.1.1- EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION

INITIAL INSULATION (cm)

INITIAL INSULATION (cm)

4.2.1-WINDOWS CHARACTERISTICS

4.2.2- SHADOWING


4.1- INSULATION 4.1- SAVING MEASURES

4.2- SAVING MEASURES

4.1.2- INSULATION ON CEILING/ WALLS IN

CONTACT WITH NO HEATED SPACES

4.2- OPENINGS

DOUBLE (12)

DOUBLE (6)

SINGLE

PVC

METALLIC WITHOUTTHERMAL BRIDGE

METALLIC

WOOD

METALLIC WITHOUTMETALLIC WITHOUT

THERMAL BRIDGETHERMAL BRIDGE

WOODWOOD

PVCPVC

0

0

PREVIOUS CALCULATE

0

0

2.72.7

PLACING EXTERNALPLACING EXTERNAL

PLACING INTERNALPLACING INTERNAL

PLACING IN AIR CHAMBERPLACING IN AIR CHAMBER

ADITIONAL INSULATION (cm)

CHANGE GLAZING

K (W/m2ºK)K (W/m2ºK)WINDOW AIR LEAKAGE

MEDIUM

HIGH

VERY HIGH

ADITIONAL INSULATION (cm)

NO OPAQUE SHUTTER

NO BLIND

NO AWNING

PLACING OPAQUE SHUTTERPLACING OPAQUE SHUTTER

PLACING BLINDPLACING BLIND

PLACING AWNINGPLACING AWNING

NO REFLECTIVE CURTAIN PLACING REFLECTIVE CURTAINPLACING REFLECTIVE CURTAIN

TRIPLE(6/6)

FRAME MATERIAL

FRAME MATERIAL

GLAZING

GLAZING

SEALING WINDOW´S AIR LEAKS

CHANGE WINDOW



46

8 of 8

Prepared by date



1997,28 1900,0 39,64

559,24 90,0 3,83

386,36 2000,0 60,90

402,17 50,0 2,96

1407,61 3000,0 50,74

760,98 100,0 1,55

1646,05 300,0 4,34

1677,72 2250,0 31,930,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS SUMMARY

FINAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK- (WITH ENERGY SAVING

MEASURES )

INITIAL E-TOOL BENCHMARK (WITHOUT ENERGY SAVING

MEASURES)

CO2 SAVINGS

PAYBACK TIME OF THE ENERGY SAVING MEASURES

TOTAL INVESTMENT COST OF ENERGY SAVING

MEASURES

TOTAL POTENTIAL SAVING

SUMMARY

ENERGY SAVING MEASURES ADOPTED

INSTALLING WATER SAVING

IMPROVE WINDOW´S INFILTRATIONS

INSTALLING A SOLAR COLLECTOR SYSTEM

CHANGING ALL LIGHTS TO LOW CONSUMPTION

INSULATING EXTERNAL WALLS(in the outer side of the wall)

CHANGE TO GAS BOILER

CLEAN THE BURNER

INSTALL VRV HVAC

INSTALLING WATER SAVING

POTENTIAL

SAVINGS

(kWh/year)

INITIAL

INVESMENT

(euros)

844,57

456,59

823,02

CO2 SAVINGS

(kg)

PAY-BACK

(years)

838,86

1597,83

279,62

231,82

241,30

5267,34

5700,

20,34

SELECT

2862,6

kWh/year

€

Years

kg CO2

150,

97,33

kWh/m2

kWh/m2



47

Building Energy Performance Initial Final

DELIVERED ENERGY (kWh/m2) 150, 97,33

Building name

Owner

Address

City

Type of building

Year of construction or last renovation

Climatized area (m2)



QUESTIONNAIRE

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION GRADUATING EACH ITEM:

1.- Applicability of this tool (fill only your case):

-via survey on site

-via workshop interview

-via telephone interview

Good Fair Improve

Good Fair Improve

Good Fair Improve

2.- User friendliness (functional aspects) of the tool:

Good Fair Improve

3.- Accessibility of the data needed for the tests:

Good Fair Improve

4.- Acceptance of the resuts by the client:

Good Fair Improve

5.- Time required to complete the survey and the reporting:

< 30 min 30-60 min 1-2 hr 2-3 hr 3-4 hr >4 hr

6.- Improvementes to the tool::

http-__wp 5 - d 1 handbook.pdf

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