https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqLK5ahfbRY

What is the U.S. Market Revolution?

• We used to be a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops

• >>>Now the USA will shift into making an abundance of products and agriculture to sell for profit

Market Revolution C A U S E S• Specialization?

• People will focus on growing 1 or 2 crops to sell instead of everything they need

• South – Cotton to sell to N.E. and Britain, • West-grain • Northeast –machines and textiles for S and W • Capitalism – • corporations and individuals control businesses – privately owned

by people>>>sometimes referred to as free enterprise • People only interested in making a profit• Entrepreneurs • invest own money in new businesses; great loss, great profit

• McCormick Reaper=-

• Harvested 5x faster

Cyrus McCormick

VULCANIZED RUBBER- Charles GOODYEAR

Samuel Morse-Telegraph

SEWING MACHINEI. M. Singer

STEEL PLOW- John Deere

TRANSPORTATION- emergence of railroads in 1840

transcontinental-railroad

Nicknamed THE IRON HORSE

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It is the destiny of Americans to occupy the American continent

AMERICAN TRAILS WEST

OREGON CALIFORNIASPAN

ISHMORMON

• What makes people want to take the risk and move west?

• Opportunity to own land-Merchants will follow farmers, then miners to the west

• Most Native Americans forced to move

Treaty of Ft. Laramie- gave various Native American nations control of plains- not for long

OREGON

Missouri Compromise line• 10 free and 10 slave states until 1818.• Missouri next to be a state>> Problem?• will it upset the balance of slaves vs. free states? • Maine admitted as a free state, Missouri as a

slave state> problem solved temporarily• Agreement >Missouri Compromise line:• 36’ 30’ north latitude. >>>>Any area that comes

into the USA north of the line will be a free state

Fifty-four forty or fight!1844- newspapers made up the slogan that calls for the

annexation of Oregon• President Polk says– Annex entire Oregon

Territory.• Compromise- US and GB

peacefully agreed to the border: 49th parallel (latitude)

TEXAS: Mexican province

• Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821 • Owning a vast territory didn’t mean they controlled it• Native Americans attack their settlements• To try and protect their territory from horse thieves and

border attacks from Native Americans they invite American settlers to move there

http://www.johnhorse.com/trail/01/c/02azz.htm

• How the USA gets Texas?• Stephen Austin is granted a huge tract of land,

and he promised to bring in 300 American families to Texas area

• He was an empresario• if they obey Mexico’s laws, and no slaves = land

for cheap(Americans still brought slaves)• >>>1000’s rushed to Mexico (Texas)• Land for a very cheap price:

177 acres of farm land + 4,000 acres of grazing land, and 10 year exemption from taxes

• 30,000 Americans in Texas by 1835-: Mexico tries to seal their borders

• American settlers come into conflict with Mexican govt. because they continued to bring slaves

• Texas Revolution• Texans Revolt in 1835 over Mexican Dictator Santa Anna threw

Stephen Austin in jail, accusing him of trying to start a revolution and raise an army

• Army Led by Davy Crockett, Bowie, and Sam Houston

• Texans declare Independence in 1836 (Republic of Texas)• Santa Anna invades with 6,000 men• Battle at the Alamo – 187 Texans Surrounded and all

killed• Santa Anna’s Mexican army defeated by Sam Houston

“remember the Alamo”- becomes the battle cry for Texas independence

• Houston becomes 1st president of Republic of Texas>>“invites” the USA to annex or incorporate Texas into the USA

• US recognizes Texas in 1837

http://www.history.com/topics/alamo/videos#the-alamo

• Texas wins its independence

• Defeating Santa Anna• Many people in

Congress unsure whether to make Texas a state WHY?

U.S. in 1836

Texas Joins the Union

• Does accepting Texas into the US upset the balance of slave vs. free states?

• Pres. Polk (a slave holder) favors statehood• On Dec. 29, 1848, Texas becomes 28th state• Polk provokes war with Mexico. -> USA repeatedly

violates Mexico’s border• Southerners think gaining more territory from

Mexico will help them expand slavery• War with Mexico looks like an easy way to gain land

Mexican war 9min

Mexican War(Civil War Dress Rehearsal)

America offers to buy NM and CA Mexico says no, so Polk sends an

army to Rio Grande (Mexican response?)

Mexico already mad about Texas Mexican War USA wins Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gives

USA: border for Texas And the Mexican CessionWe pay $15 Mil for New Mexico,

California, Nevada, Utah, and AZ Then Gadsden Purchase 1853, $10

Mil for another small piece of territory

finishing southern border of USA

James K. Polk

Santa Anna

General Zachary Taylor

General Winfield Scott

TERRITORIAL GAINS

Election of 1848Democrats so divided over slavery

Zachary Taylor easily wins

Nominee Zachary Taylor (1849-50) Lewis Cass Martin Van Buren

Party Whig Democratic Free Soil

Gold first discovered>>Sutter’s Mill (near Sacramento) on the American River in California- CA becomes a free state in1850

“THAR’S GOLD IN THEM THAR HILLS!”

http://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-california-gold-rush

“Forty- Niners”

Mining Towns of the West In 1 year CA pop exceeds 100,000

METHODS OF GOLD SEEKING

panning rocker

Horse-drawn arrastre Stamp mill