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Tang and Song Tang and Song ChinaChina
Era of Prosperity & Technological Era of Prosperity & Technological InnovationInnovation
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Sui DynastySui Dynasty• Wendi – 1st emperor of Sui Dynasty– Completion of Grand Canal
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Tang Dynasty A.D. 618-907• Tang Taizong– Reconquered lands– Influence over Korea
• Empress Wu Zhao – 1st female to have title of emperor
• Strengthened central gov’t• Expanded roads & canals• Promoted foreign trade & agriculture
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Scholar-OfficialsScholar-Officials• Civil service examination system– Open to all men – Required education– Gentry
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Religion in the Tang
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Tang DeclineTang Decline• Imposed taxes to meet gov’t costs• Struggled to control empire• Tang capital burned & last emperor
killed
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Song Dynasty Restores Song Dynasty Restores ChinaChina
• General Taizu reunited China – 1st Song emperor– Tried to buy peace with enemies–Manchurian people, the Jurchen,
conquered northern China
• New capital @ Hangzhou • Rapid economic growth
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Agriculture• Improved cultivation of rice• More food to feed larger population
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Science & Science & TechnologyTechnology• Movable type
• Gunpowder• Porcelain• Mechanical clock• Paper money• Magnetic compass for sailing
What impact do What impact do these technologies these technologies have on China?have on China?
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Trade & Foreign Contact
• Trade flourished– Silk Roads
• Ocean trade– Trading colonies
• Chinese culture spread
• Adopted Buddhism, Islam, eastern Christianity
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Religion in the Song
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Art & Poetry• Poetry– Discussed life’s pleasures, praised
orderliness & Confucian values
• Daoist influence on art
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Changes in Society • More social mobility• Gentry emerged (new upper class of scholar-
officials)– Status through education & civil service
• Urban middle class – merchants, shopkeepers, artisans, lower officials
• Lower class – laborers, soldiers, servants
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Women’s Status• Status further declined• Foot-binding
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Feudal JapanFeudal Japan
The name Japan comes from the Chinese words, “ri ben”, which means “origin
of the sun”
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Geography of Japan• Group of islands• Mild climate, much rainfall• Not much farmland• Typhoons, earthquakes, tidal waves
How do you think their geography influences their lifestyle?
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Early Japan• Hundreds of clans w/own gods &
goddesses• Varied beliefs & practices formed
Shinto religion (“way of the gods”)– Shinto based on respect for
nature, worship of ancestors
– Which other culture is this similar to?
– Believed in kami, divine spirits that dwelled in nature
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Yamato Emperors• By the 400s, the Yamato clan
established itself as the leading clan– Yamato family claimed divinity– Yamato emperors lacked any real power
(figureheads)– Real power rested with the clan who ruled in
the emperor’s name
This dual structure became an enduring characteristic of Japanese gov’t
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Japanese Culture• Korean travelers brought Chinese
ideas and customs to Japan– Religion of Buddhism
• Some Japanese did not want to completely give up Shintoism
• Shinto practices and rituals mixed with Buddhist beliefs
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Japanese Culture• Japan sent missions to investigate
Chinese civilization• The Japanese adopted the Chinese
system of writing– Cooking, gardening, tea-making,
hairdressing
• Chinese ways were adapted to suit the needs of the Japanese
What course theme does this support?
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The Heian Period• Emperor’s court moved its capital
to Heian, or modern Kyoto• Elaborate daily court life• Rules dictated every aspect of life
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The Heian Period• Etiquette was extremely important• Noblewomen wore their hair down to
their ankles, blacked their teeth with cosmetics, and dyed their clothing to match the seasons
• Everyone wrote poetry, painted• Lady Murasaki’s The Tale of
Genji and Sei Shonagon’s The Pillow Book describe court life
Compare to European chivalry & literature
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Decline of Central Power• Large landowners moved away from the
capital and set up private armies• As trade and travel became unsafe,
small farmers and landowners traded land to strong warlords in exchange for protection
• As a result, lords gained more and more power
• This marked the beginning of the feudal system in Japan
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Samurai WarriorsLords surrounded themselves with
bodyguard of loyal warriors, known as samurai
Samurai lived according to the code known as Bushido
1)Courage2)Respect for gods3)Fairness and generosity towards weak
***Dying an honorable death was important
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Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUTA COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONOA SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)
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BILLOWING BILLOWING PANTALOONS,PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement
STURDY STURDY SHINGUARDSSHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front
AN EXQUISITE AN EXQUISITE BROCADEBROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
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Kamakura Shogunate• Conflict between powerful rival clans• Emperor gave Minamoto leader the title
of “shogun” (“supreme general of emperor’s army”)
Shogun = military dictator who controlled officials, judges, taxes, armies, roads, etc.
The emperor reigned in Kyoto, while the real center of power was at the shogun’s headquarters at Kamakura
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The Kamakura Shogunate
Shoguns assigned military governors, or daimyo, to maintain peace and order
The Kamakura shoguns repelled two invasions by the Mongols
However, the shoguns began losing prestige and power due to financial strains
Samurai became more loyal to their local lords