http://www.apworldhist.com/Europe_1450_-_1750_web.ppt

Factors affecting Europe

• The Renaissance• The Protestant Reformation• The Scientific Revolution• The Enlightenment• Exploration and Expansion• The New World• The Commercial Revolution• Development of the nation-state

Spain

• Union of Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon• Reconquista (1492)- fall of Grenada• Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor

The lands of the Hapsburg emperor, Charles V

Spain

• Philip II - “The Most Catholic King”

• New World wealth

• Religious wars: Thirty Years War, Lepanto, Spanish Netherlands, Spanish Armada

• Spanish Inquisition

• Decline- weak rulers, bankruptcy, decline in military power

France

• Hundred Years War – consolidation of lands

• War within France – Huguenots

• Edict of Nantes 1598

• Thirty Years War – Treaty of Westphalia 1648

• Cardinal Richelieu and Mazzarin – development of the French state

France

• Louis XIV – The “Sun King”

• “L’etat c’es moi”• Absolutism – rule by

divine right• The Court at

Versailles• The Estates General

– the Three Estates• Colonies

Louis XIV

The Third Estate

The Commoners

The First Estate

The Clergy

The Second Estate

The Nobility

England

• Henry VIII – Reformation

• “Bloody Mary”• Elizabeth I –

Consolidation of Protestantism

• England as a nation-state

Elizabeth I

England

• The Stuarts• James I – Catholicism versus Protestantism /

Monarch versus parliament• Charles I

Execution of Charles I

England

• The English Civil War (Revolution?)

• Oliver Cromwell• Roundheads versus

Cavaliers• New Model Army• Ireland & Scotland

conquered• The Commonwealth

Oliver Cromwell

Britain

• The Restoration of Charles II

• James II – Religious issues

• 1688 - “The Glorious Revolution”

• William and Mary• Queen Anne• The House of Hanover• Impact on Colonies

Charles II

The Cross of St. Andrew - Scotland

The Cross of St. George - England

The Cross of St. Patrick - Ireland

=

The Union Jack

Act Of Union 1707

The Netherlands

• Freedom from Spain (map)

• Dutch Republic de facto 1609

• Strong naval traditions

• Tradition for tolerance

• VOC – Dutch East India Company

• The Spice Trade

• Colonies

The Holy Roman Empire

• Hapsburgs – lands divided by Emperor Charles V

• Core – Austria (Hungary added)

• German states lost after Thirty Years War

• Ottoman pressures• Weakly bound nation-

state

Italy

• City-states• Center of

Renaissance• Decline in power

and influence after late 1400’s as trade shifts from Mediterranean to Atlantic and Asia

Portugal

• Early success in exploration

• Early domination of spice and slave trade

• Too weak to fend off competing European states (England & Dutch)

• Gradual decline

The German States

• Origin of Lutheranism

• Treaty of Westphalia – Freedom

• Emergence of Prussia Militaristic state – Europe’s fourth largest

army Frederick I (Frederick the Great) – Prussia

dominant German state

European Wars

• Competition for territory, resources, and markets

• Balance of power – guiding philosophy

• War of the Austrian Succession – First World War?

• Seven Years War – aka French & Indian War

Maria Theresa

http://www.apworldhist.com/Europe_1450_-_1750_web.ppt