http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekytTpFy96o

U.S. History

►Wednesday, Nov. 7 You will need a full sheet of paper

to start notes for the Unit► Increasing Influences and

Challenges►You will be using them for Daily

Learning Target Assessments and then handing them in, so writing information down is important.

Imperialism►What do you think this

means? Write down a definition.

►Definition: The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

►Based on this definition, is the United States an imperialistic country in 2012? Explain.

The Big Picture►U.S. foreign relations

took a new turn at the end of the 19th century. Global competition for empire led the U.S. into war with Spain and intervention in Latin America. The U.S. forged a new role as an emerging world power.

Focus►What inspired imperialist

activity?►How did the U.S. gain lands?►What caused the Spanish-

American War?►How did actions within

America push us into war?►How did the U.S. treat

conquered or acquired lands?

I can. . . Evaluate, take, and defend

positions on the various U.S. foreign policies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Analyze the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War

Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the ensuing debate over imperialism

What led to the U.S. quest?

►Economic InterestsIndustrial Revolution

Close of the Frontier

►Military NeedsAlfred Thayer Mahan

What led to the U.S. quest?

►Example of European NationsThe scramble for territory

►IdeologyAmerican Nationalism Josiah Strong’s Our Country

First Acquisitions►Alaska

Purchased from Russia (1867)►Sec. of State William Seward

Reduce foreign possessions in NA

Vast natural resources Statehood (1959) Importance

►Resources: timber, fur, fish, coal, oil, gold

►Polar air routes►Close to Russia (air bases)

First Acquisitions►Hawaii

Acquired (Taken!)►Supply and fueling station►Drew missionaries►American investors

Statehood (1959) Importance►Sugar and pineapples►Pearl Harbor

How it happened►Wealthy white planters gained

influence and power within Hawaiian society due to prosperous sugar sales to the U.S.

►A group plots against the king and forces him to sign a new constitution in 1887 – the Bayonet Const. (Pearl Harbor ours)

►1890 – when the economy went south they try to restore control (U.S. ousts Liliuokalani in 1893; annexed in 1898)

The Spanish-American War

An American Empire in the

Making

Simmering Unrest in Cuba

►Cuba was a Spanish possession

►Since 1868 they had launched a series of revolts

►Spain was weakening►Jose Marti

Exiled in NY, he forms the Cuban Revolutionary Party (1892) and leads a revolt in 1895

The Butcher► Spain

responds with Valeriano Weyler Camps

set up for civilians►Some

200,000 die

Why U.S. interest?►Geographic proximity – 90

miles away►Economic interests - $100

mil. in trade; $50 mil. invested

►Humanitarian concerns – deaths of especially women and children due to hunger and disease

The Media’s Role►American’s were already

sympathetic American tradition of

Revolution Plus it gets a European nation

out►But the “information” they

received concerning Weyler fed it

►Two competing media moguls are key William Randolph Hearst – NY

Journal Joseph Pulitzer – NY World

Yellow Journalism► Scandalous

stories and large shocking illustrations

► Sensationalized news stories

► They sent reporters, but relied on Cuban sources

The de Lome Letter► President

McKinley was openly criticized by Spain’s Minister to the U.S.

► Cuban spy acquires it

► Published in the NY Journal

► In February

The Explosion of the Maine

► The U.S.S. Maine had been sent to Havana Harbor on a visit (protection; show of force)

► Feb. 15, 1898 – the Maine mysteriously explodes: 260 killed

► Yellow journalists go into high gear

► But no declaration of war until April 25th

War in the Philippines►The first action took place

here because that is where the Spanish fleet was

►Adm. George Dewey sent here by Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt

►Dewey held his fire (nearest resupply was 7,000 miles away)

►We had new steel-hulled and iron ships

►Took only hours

War in Cuba► Teller

Amendment – we will not take you over

► U.S. military not prepared: Wool

uniforms Bad beef Hodge-

podge of soldiers

War in Cuba► Rough

Riders – led by Teddy Roosevelt

► Buffalo soldiers

► Cavalry unit – not really; horses left in America or drowned

Consequences of the War

►Treaty of Paris Spain gives up claims to Cuba Puerto Rico and Guam ceded

to U.S. Philippines to the U.S. for $20

million► It was a “Splendid Little War”►But cost $250 million and 2,000

lives (most from yellow fever)

Arguments for Annexing the Philippines

► Duty to spread values and culture Christianize the Filipinos

► Economic and strategic importance Trade routes to China and the

rest of the Asian markets Get it before it falls to a

European power

Opponent’s Views► It’s a violation of our own

Declaration of Independence (the idea of self government)

► African Americans didn’t want to export oppression

► It would open the door to new immigrants

► It would undercut the American worker

American Rule► Annexation in

1899► Rebellion led by

Emilio Aguinaldo He had already

set up a new government and proclaimed himself president

He was prepared to fight

American Rule► The Insurrection

3 years by U.S. accounts; until 1913 by the Filipinos

4,000 U.S. deaths 200,000+ Filipino deaths (about

20,000 military; the rest “as a result of the war and disease”) Some estimates as high as 1 mil.

They call it the Philippine-American War

American Rule ►Charges of brutality and

torture on both sides►Many famous Americans were

outspoken against this conflict American Anti-Imperialist

League formed William Jennings Bryan,

Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie