hubble telescope
DESCRIPTION
Paper Presentation in Manipal UniversityTRANSCRIPT
A SEMINAR ON
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
PRESENTED BY:HARI OM
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONREG NO-030907133
SECTION-CROLL NO.– 123
CONTENTS
• Overview• Spacecraft System• Operation• Parts• Outer structure• Pointing control system• Optical assembly• Scientific instruments• Colours & filters• Application fields• Features• Limitations• Conclusion• References
OVERVIEW
• Hubble—a space telescope• 600km above earth• Excellent pointing precision,powerful
optics,state of the art instruments• Designed -1970s & launched-1990• Moduler design• Goal—knowledge of our cosmic roots
SPACECRAFT SYSTEM
• POWER• COMMUNICATIONS• STEERING-To remain fixed on an object HST has three
onboard systems:• Gyroscopes-Sense small to large motions• Reaction Wheels-Move the telescope• FGS-Sense fine motion
• COMPUTING• STRUCTURE
OPERATION
INTERNAL OPERATION
• Electronic eyes• Cameras--collect light with electronic
detectors• Spectrographs—separate starlight into
rainbow of colours• Mirrors to focus & magnify light
PARTS
OUTER STRUCTURE
• Solar arrays(2)—12m in length,2400 watts• Communication antennae(2)—transmit
information to TDRSS• Computer support systems module—for
communications,navigation,power management,etc.
• Electronic boxes—houses much of the electronics
• Aperture door—just like camera’s lens• Light shield—shaft for blocking surrounding light• Pcs—for pointing towards the target
POINTING CONTROL SYSTEM(PCS)
PCS CONT…
• Fine guidance sensor(3)• Coarse sun sensor(2)• Magnetic sensing system• Rate sensor unit(2)• Fixed head startrackers(3)—electro-
optical detector• Reaction wheel actuators(4)• Magnetic torquers(4)
OPTICAL ASSEMBLY
Primary mirror—2.4m in diameter,concave shapeSecondary mirror—0.3m in diameterFocal plane—for examining the light
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
• AXIAL BAYS(4)-Four instruments aligned with the main opticalaxis & are mounted just behind the primary mirror.
• 1>ACS--wide field of view,better light sensitivity• 2>NICMOS—infrared instrument• 3>STIS—separates light into component wavelengths• 4>COSTER—for correction of spherical aberration• WFPC2(Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2)-It is
responsible for taking nearly all of HUBBLE’s famous pictures
• FINE GUIDANCE SENSORS(3)-It measures relative positions,providing data to the spacecraft’s targeting system
LIGHT & FILTERS
COLOUR AS A TOOL
FEATURES
• 3 observations/hour• Each observation requires 100 computer
functions• 2 observations at a time• 100,000 instructions/week• Generates 10 billion bits of scientific data/week• Can move 90 degrees/15 minutes• 17,000mph around the earth
APPLICATION FIELDS
• Best view of mars • Proof of black holes• Quasars—active galactic
nuclei in distant galaxies• Gamma rays origins• The expanding universe• The birth of stars• The death of stars• Comet collision• Auroras & electricity
LIMITATION
• Can’t observe the sun—intense light & heat
• Can’t observe mercury or venus• Can’t observe some stars—too bright• Orbit of HST—target obstructed by earth• Van allen radiation belt—charged particles
from solar winds trapped by earth’s magnetic field
CONCLUSION
Despite its flawed early history, the HST has performed well, yielding much scientific data and beautiful images.
However, the HST will not last forever. Plans are underway for a new space telescope, called the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). NGST will be
even more sensitive than HST and provide better images of even more distant objects.The age of optical space telescopes started by HST promises to revolutionize
astronomy as much or more than Galileo's first use of the telescope did long ago.
REFERENCES
• http://hubble.nasa.gov• http://hubblesite.org• http://heritage.stsci.edu/2000/01• http://science.howstuffwoks.com
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