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    msKwjZ I mcvw`Z| Aemi cKvkbv msv, XvKv, 1996|2. GB jLvwji ga wQj Avw`evmx aviYv wbq miKvwi Avcwi fZ Ges wek eQi AvMi

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    3. DjL, eZgvb wbei GKUv mswZi ic BZvga cKvwkZ nqQ GB jLKiewMZ eM, hwUi wVKvbv Dci `Iqv nqQ (2 bs UxKv `e)|

    4. KweZvwU Avwg `L wbqwQ DBwKmsKjb (24/7/13-Z):5. http://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/ mfZvicwZ6. http://goo.gl/xxqOkR (RyjvB 26, 2013-Z bvgvbv)

    http://goo.gl/PJIAiu (RyjvB 26, 2013-Z bvgvbv)7. bRiji ivOv gvwUi c_ jv MvbUvi myi I K_v _K GwU h muvIZvwj Nivbvi, G

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    (RyjvB 1, 2013) GKUv cv _K, http://goo.gl/fMqg5z, hvi mvb ARvj cvB24/7/13 ZvwiL|

    8. G cm dmeyK Avwg GKUv bvU w`qwQjvg, miKvwi msMnkvjv wK nZ hvQAvw`evmx`i HwZni kl Me? wkivbvg (RyjvB 9, 2013), hv ci GKwU eM `IqvnqQ: http://chtbd.org/?p=2041

    9. Gg G gvgb, RxweZ fvlvi giYhvv: e fvlvi evsjv`k, deqvwi 3, 2012,http://goo.gl/jupYrt (gvP 16, 2013-Z bvgvbv)

    10. BUvibU-Gi cvwifvwlK evsjv cwZk ARvj ne bvwK AvRvj ne, G wbq GKUvweZK Pjgvb iqQ `Ljvg| Mj mvPi wfwZ c_gUvi w`KB cvjv fvix gb nq (3:1AbycvZ)| Avevi AbK AvQb, hvuiv KvbUvKB h_v_ ev evKiYmZ gb Kib bv|Avwg Gme hywZKi KvbUvi g~jvqb bv wMqB ARvj kUvK eQ wbqwQ, hviawbMZ `vZbv Avgvi cwZ mePq RyZmB gb nqQ|

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    12. kvwj bq GB iY eis cwZev` wnmveB MY nvK, dviK Iqvwmd (4 Rvbyqvwi 2010),http://nirmaaan.com/blog/faruk-wasif/5808

    13. mvBgb RvKvwiqv (AvM 2008) evsjv`k wbI-G_wbK w_qUvi PPvi cw_Kr, http://goo.gl/PYPT3f

    14. gvgybyi ikx`, bvUK mgM 3, bvj`v (2013) http://goo.gl/L1trZ3

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    2010

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    21

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    2211

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    23

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    2412

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    25

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    2613

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    27

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    It turns confrontation to negotiation. It depoliticizes resistance. Itinterferes with local peoples movement that have traditionally beenself reliant. NGOs have funds that can employ local people whomight other wise be activist in resistance movements, but now canfeel they are doing some immediate, creating good (and earning aliving while theyre at it ) charity offers instant gratification to thegiver, as well as the receiver, but its side effects can be dangerous.Real political resistance offers no such short cuts. The NGO-isationsof politics theaters to turn resistance into well-mannered, reasonable,salaried 9 to 5pm JOB with a few perks throw in. Real resistance hasreal consequences and no salary.

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    29

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    * jLvwU Avgv`i eM mvBU cKvwkZ, www.chtbd.org

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    31

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    41

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    43

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    4422

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    45

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    4623

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    47

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    4824

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    49

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    5025

  • wkwZ Ry`i ga _K eemvqx Zwi nQ bv| A_P nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi, MigvUv-ZvRvKiY, QvMji Lvgvi BZvw`i gvagI Ry eemvqx kwY Zwi nZcviZ| wK Ryiv jLvcov wkL gvbyl bv nq dzjevey nIqvi KviY eemv KivigZ wkwZ Ry Avw`evmx eemvqx kwY Zwi nQ bv|

    PjwZ gvMvwRbi mcv`K mvne AvgvK evi evi ejwQjb Avwg hb agiwelq bv wjwL, KviY GwU LyeB ckKvZi Bmy| wK AvgvK h wjLZB ne, nZne mZi gyLvgywL| KviY NyY aiv Ry Avw`evmx mgvRi K_v ejZ Mj agiK_vwUI Avme AeavwiZfveB| cveZ PMvgi Ry Avw`evmx`i ewkifvMBe agi Abymvix| dj e agi K_vwUB Avme c_g| eZgvb cw_exi gahZjv ag AvQ Zvi ga AbZg wbixn Avi kvwi ag nj e ag| hw`I e`kb Avi e agi ga AbK Zdvr| AbKi gZ ey Kvb ag cPvi Kibwb,wZwb `kb cPvi KiwQjb hv cieZxZ ag icvi Kiv nq| e `kb ey g~wZic~Rv, AvZv BZvw` AjwKK welqK A^xKvi Kiv nqQ| Avi ag AbKAjwKK evcvi mg_b `vb Ki| e `kb gZ eyi g~j wmv PviwU

    1. CkiK A^xKvi Kiv; Ab_vq gvbyl ^qs wbRi cfz GB wmviweivwaZv Kiv nq|

    2. AvZvK wbZ ^xKvi bv Kiv, Ab_vq wbZ GKim gvbj Zvi cwiw Gesgywi Kvbv ckB IV bv|

    3. Kvbv MK ^Ztwm cgvY wnme ^xKvi bv Kiv, Ab_vq eywew GesAwfZv g~jnxb nq co|

    4. RxebcevnK GB kixii gaB mxwgZ gb Kiv, Ab_vq Rxeb Ges Zvibvbv ewP Kvh-KviY cwqvi gvag Drcb bv nq md GK AvKwKNUbv ic cwZfvZ ne (Z_m~ : e `kb)|

    e agi g~jg nj, Awnsmv cig ag| wbqg-bxwZi ga iqQ cvYx nZvgnvcvc, cvYx eemv Kiv gnvcvc| KD hw` Zvgvi GK Mvj Po jvMvq ZvnjcwZev`-cwZiva Kie bv, cqvRb Ab MvjwUI GwMq `vI Po gvivi Rb|Nvov`o cwZhvwMZvq wmv_ MZg wbR wRZj `e`i mv_ kZv evoeej wZwb `e`K wRwZq w`q wbR ni hvb| kZvi viv kZvi Dckg nqbv, GKgv gxZvi vivB kZvi Dckg me| mwnsm nqv bv, gxfve cvlYKi Ggb wkvq cvwQ wmv_ MZgi Rxebx _K| ZvB AvgivI ne Awnsmvi GKGKRb g~Z cZxK; mUjvi evOvwjiv RevB KijI eje- gx, gx, gx|mUjviiv evwo my cyiv cvovwU Rvwjq w`jI eje- gx, gx, gx| Avkv Ki

    51

    _vKe mUjviiv Zv`i KZKgi kvw AekB cve| BnRbg bv njI ciRbAekB cve| Avi Avgv`i Gic gvbwmKZv `L kvmKMvx nvZZvwj `q, ej,mvevm Ry RbZv; GB gxfveUvK ai ivL, Aviv ewk ewk gxfve cvlYKi, hvZ Zvgv`iK asm KiZ Avgvi ewk eM cZ bv nq| gymwjg kvmKBL&wZqviDwb gynv` web eKwZqvi LjwR hLb fviZel AvgY Kib ZLb eagvbymvixiv mB AvgY cwZnZ Kivi Pv Kiwb Avi e wfzivI ey g~wZimvgb wQj avb gM| hvi dj BL&wZqvii Kvb mgmv nqwb kZ kZ e wfziwkiQ` KiZ| cieZxZ hviv euP wQj Zviv eva nq Bmjvg ag MnY AvievwKiv wgk hvq wn`y agi mv_ (Z_m~ : fviZ e agi Dvb Avi cZb)|

    cveZ PMvgI Ry Avw`evmx RbMvxi Rb Ggb Kvb g~Z aq AvmQ bvZv? gx wbq ci _vKv e agvbymvix Ry`i KvQ ckwU Zvjv iBj| eZgvbe agvbymvix wKQz wKQz Ry`i ga gxfve GZB cej h, Giv gvbe `niRb wZKviK gkvwUI ch gvi bv| Ggb gxfve cvlYKvix GKRbi KvQcwZev`, cwZiva, cwZkva Avkv KivUv wbq evKvwgi cwiPvq| hLb KDZvgvi Ni-evwo Rvwjq w`Q, Zvgvi evbwUK alY KiQ ZLbI Ggb gxwbq ci _vKv bcysmKZvi cwiPq Qvov AbwKQz nZ cvi bv|

    fviZel Aviv AbK AvM wewUk`i civaxbZv _K gy nZ cviZ; cviwbGKgv Awnsmvi gyLvkavix gnvZv Mvxi KviY| wZwb wQjb myweavev`x, wewUk`imvj GRU| hLb mviv fviZel Ryo wecex`i nvZ wewUkiv gvi LZ LZchy` wVK ZLbB Awnsmvi evYx wbq Avwefve NU gnvZv Mvxi| hvi KviYAv`vjb ci fvUv, nq hvq wwgZ| Mvx wewUk`i GRU wQjb ejBfviZeli ^vaxbZv msMvgi m~hmvb bZvwR myfvl P` emy, gvvi`v m~hmb,zw`ivgi gZ exi mbvbx`i AvLvwqZ KiwQjb mvmx wnme| ci RbMYAv Av dzum DVQ `L wewUkiv ZwoNwo Ki fviZel Qo Pj hvq AviMvxI nq IVb Awnsm Av`vjbi GK Ab bvg| fviZel ^vaxb nIqvi cQbMvxi Awnsm Av`vjb bq, g~j KviY wQj RbMYi gb `vbv evav AbK w`bivf (Z_m~ : MvxwRi AcKg)| eZgvb cveZ PMvg GKw`K Kicxgymwjg RbMvxi Dvb Avi Abw`K eb fv, b`cvj fv, DQvjv fv BZvw`fvi msck Gm Ry RbMvxi ga gxgq e agi wevi| dj RyAvw`evmxiv Av`vjb, msMvgi w`K bv SzuK, ewk SzuKQ e gw`i wMq cv_bvKivi w`K| GZ jvf nQ KZUzKz Zv Avgv`iK AekB fe `LZ ne|

    eZgvb PvKgv ivRv evwivi `evkxl ivq GKevi ee w`Z wMq ejwQjb, cveZPMvg Adzi cvKwZK mc` bv _vKZ cvi wK hv AvQ mB mc`i h_vh_eenvi hw` Avgiv wbwZ KiZ cvwi Zvnj cveZ PMvgK weki DbZ knijvi

    5226

  • gZ kwkvjx A_bwZK wfwi GKwU GjvKvq cwiYZ KiZ ewk w`b mgq jvMebv| nuv, Avgiv hw` Avgv`i cvKwZK mc`i h_vh_ eenvi wbwZ KiZ cvwiZvnj AekB ewk w`b mgq jvMe bv cveZ PMvgK GKwU kwkvjx A_bwZKwfwi GKwU GjvKvq cwiYZ KiZ| djR evMvb, Jlwa MvQi evMvb, kvK-mewRiZ KiZ ne| Kvb Rwg hb cwZZ bv _vK mB w`K bRi w`Z ne| hBRwgZ hv DchvMx Zv Pvl KiZ ne| cveZ PMvg h cvnvo, eb iqQ mLvbNvmi h_ cvPzhZv iqQ| Nvmi GB cvPzhZvK KvR jvwMq Avgiv Mi, QvMjiLvgvi cwZv KiI gv KqK eQii ga cyiv cveZ PMvgi Pnviv cvwq w`Zcvwi| wK GLvbI ev` maQ e ag| fviv ejQb, cvYx eemv gnvcvc| ageuvPj RvZ euvPe| ZvB Avgiv Mi, QvMj, nuvm, gyiwM cvjb Kie bv| wcR, agKAb cvk mwiq ivLyb| ag euvPj KLbvB RvZ euvP bv, RvZ euvPjB bv Ze agcvjb Kivi gvbyl _vKe| Avi RvZB hw` bv euvP Zvnj agUv cvjb Kie K?fviZ cej civg cwZv cvIqv e agi `xc AvR Kb wbfz wbfz mB BwZnvm_K wkv wbZ ne Avgv`i| Zv bvnj Ry RvwZi asm Awbevh| RvwZi AwZivi cqvRbB Avgv`iK Gjv KiZ ne|

    AvR Aewa Ry`i gvS Zgb Kvb D`vv eemvqx mw nq wb| Ry`i gvSD`vv eemvqxiv u`vZi gvRbi Mw AvR Aw civZ cviwb| eemvq bvgviAvM `wL Kvb eemvUv eZgvb evRvi PjQ ewk; hvPvB evPvB Ki Avgiv mBeemvq Svc gvwi| wbRi gav Avi eyw LvwUq Avgiv bZzb Kvb eemv DvebKiZ cvwi bv; ZvB D`vv mw _K hvq AaivB| AvM G`ki KD wPvIKiwb cvwb wew nZ cvi| A_P wgbvij IqvUvii evZj AvR Avgv`iwbZmx| AvM G`ki KD wPvI Kiwb gvbyli Pzji wewKwKwb nZ cvi|A_P AvR Pzj w`q ciPzjv Zwi Ki we`k ivwb nQ| AvM G`ki KDwPvI Kiwb `LjB Mv wNbwNb Kiv KuPvi eemv nZ cvi| A_P AvR KuPvieemv Ki Lyjbvi GKRb KuPv Pvlx jvL UvKvi gvwjK| AvM G`ki KDwPvI Kiwb KPz jwZ we`k ivwb Ki KvwU UvKv Avq Kiv me| A_P GLbcwZ eQi we`k KPz jwZ ivwb Ki KvwU UvKv e`wkK gy`v Avq nQ| AvMG`ki KD wPvI Kiwb ivbvi ci dj `Iqv QvB wew nZ cvi| A_PAvR XvKvq MvgxY QvBqi cvKU KwR `i wew nQ ``vim| Zvnj Avgv`iRy`i ga Kb D`vv mw ne bv? wPvI Kib, gv_vUvK KvR jvMvb| GgbGKUv eemv Dveb Kib hv evRvi Pje fvj A_P AvR Aw mB eemvZ KDnvZ `qwb| ebcvYx msib AvBbi GKwU wewaZ nwiYi evwYwRK Lvgvivcbi K_v ejv nqQ| ebcvYx msiY AvBbi wewa gvZveK Pj evsjv`kmiKvii KvQ _K jvBm wbq nwiYi Lvgvi vcb Kiv hvq wKbv hvPvB Ki

    53

    `Lyb| mg Avjy (Kvmvfv) w`q Ab Kvb wKQz cZ Kiv hvq wKbv fveyb|Kii gvsm cwqvRvZ Ki we`k ivwb Kiv hvq wKbv hvPvB Kib| cwZ eQimsiYvMvii Afve cPzi cwigvY Avg, KuvVvj, Avbvim b nq hvq| ZvB cveZPMvg GKwU msiYvMvi vcb Kivi K_v weePbv Kib| cveZ PMvgi b`xAvi Qivwj nvBWv-BjKwUK cvIqvi cvU vcbi c AZ DchvMx| ZvBGBme LimvZv Qivq QvU AvKvii nvBWv-BjKwUK cvIqvi cvU emvbvi K_vwPv Kib| gvUK_v D`vM wbb, Dvv nvb| A_bwZK gyw Qvov Av`vjbhgb MwZ cve bv, Zgwb mvnvhKvix kwi ejq _K ewoq AvmvI me nebv| Avgiv Ryiv Pviw`K AbK AbyciYvi M wb, cwo Avi AbycvwYZI nBwK mB AbyciYvi Mwj eve Rxeb KvR bv jvMvB bv dj eemvZ bvgvi^c ^cB _K hvq| Avgv`iK GBme AbyciYvi M _K wkv wbq evegvV bvgZ ne, KiZ ne ^ci mv_K evevqb| wbgi RvZKwU AbKBcoQb, nqZv GLbv AbKB cob wb| hviv cyuwR wbq wPv KiQb, hviveemvZ bvgeb ej wPv KiQb Zv`i AbyciYvi Drm nvK wbPi GBRvZKwU; RvZKwU cvVKi Rb msw AvKvi Zzj aijvg|

    Pzjkx RvZKcyivKvj e` ivRvi mgq evwam GK kx cwievi RbMnY Kib| ZLbwZwb Pzjkx Dcvwa cvb| wZwb cig wevb I eywgvb wQjb Ges Mn bi Ae vb`L MYbv KiZ cviZb| GKw`b ivR`kb KiZ hvIqvi mgq c_ GKwU gZBu y`i `L ej DVjb, hw` Kvb meskRvZ ew GB gZ Bu`yi Zzj wbq hvqZvnj m eemvq DbwZ Kie| GB mgq f ` eski GK wbt^ hyeK evwami GBK_v b gZ Bu y`iwU Zzj wbjb| GB mgq GK `vKvb`vi Zvi cvlv weovji RbLvevi LyuRwQj| m GK cqmv `vg w`q hyeKi KvQ _K Bu`yiwU wKbj| hyeK ZLbGK cqmvi o wKb Avi GK Kjwm Rj wbq h c_ gvjvKviiv eb nZ dzj Zzjdi mB c_ em iBjb| gvjvKviiv Kvfve mLvb Gm emj hyeKwU Zv`icZKK GKcv Rj I GKUz Ki o LZ w`j| Zv Lq Z nq gvjvKviivcZK GK gyVv Ki dzj w`j| hyeKwU ZLb mB dzj wew Ki Aviv ewk owKb ciw`b evRvi wMq gvjvKvi`iK o I Rj LvIqvj| gvjvKviiv ZLbZvK KZwj dzU dzji MvQ w`j| GBfve dzj I dzji MvQ wew Ki Pviw`bigaB Zvi AvU UvKv cyuwR nj| Zvici GKw`b Lye So-ew nj ivRvi evMvbiAbK MvQi Wvjcvjv fO cij| evMvbi gvjx mBme Wvjcvjv GKv cwiviKiZ cviwQj bv| Zvici hyeK gvjxi KvQ wMq ejj, Zzwg hw` AvgvK webvg~jGBme Wvjcvjv w`q `vI Zvnj Avwg evMvb cwivi Ki `e| gvjx ZvZ ivwRnq Mj| hyeK ZLb cvovi Qj`i GKUz Ki o LZ w`q ejj, Zvgiv Avgvi

    5427

  • m Gm, evMvbUv cwivi Ki w`B| Qjiv Lywk nq hyeKi m Wvjcvjv cwiviKi ivvq Gb Rov Ki ivLj| KzKviiv KvVi Afve nuvwo-Kjwm cyoZcviwQj bv| Zviv bM` lvj UvKv I wKQz nuvwoi wewbgq Wvjcvjvwj wKb wbj|mg LiP ev` w`q hyeKi ZLb Pwek UvKv nvZ iBj| ZLb evivYmxZ cuvPkNmi evm KiZ| Nmoiv cwZw`b Nvm KvUZ hZ| GKw`b Nmoviv NvmKvUZ wMq wccvmvZ nq cij hyeK Zv`iK Rj LvIqvj| Nmoviv ejj, fvBZzwg Avgv`i GZ DcKvi KiQ, ej Avgiv Zvgvi wK DcKvi KiZ cvwi? hyeKejj, GLb bq, cqvRb nj eje| Gi ga hyeKi m GK jc_ ewYK I GKRjc_ ewYKi eyZ nq| GKw`b jc_ ewYK hyeKK Rvbvj, Kvj GK AkweZvbMi cuvPk Ak wbq Avme| GB K_v b hyeK Nmo`i KvQ wMq ejj,fvBme Zvgiv Kvj cZK AvgvK GK AuvwU Ki Nvm `e Avi Avgvi Nvm wewkl bv nj Zvgiv KD Nvm wew Kie bv| Nmoviv hyeKi K_vgZ KvR Kij|Ak eemvqx Kv_vI Nvm bv cq hyeKi KvQ _K GK nvRvi UvKv `vg w`qcuvPk AuvwU Nvm wKb wbj| GKw`b Rjc_ ewYK Rvbvj, AvMvgxKvj GKwU eoRvnvR gvjc wbq e`i Avme| hyeK ZLb w`b fvovq GKwU Mvwo wbq ZvZPo e`i wMq DcwZ nj| mLvb m RvnvRi me gvjci `vg wVK KiwbRi bvgvwZ AvswU w`q evqbv Kij| A_vr mB RvnvRi Kvb gvjvgvj wKbZnj Zvi KvQ _KB wKbZ ne| hyeKwU Gevi e`i Zuvey LvwUq wkwei KiKqKRb AbyPi wbq _vKZ jvMj| m Zvi AbyPi`i ej w`j, Kvb ewYK Zvimv_ `Lv KiZ Avmj hb GKRb GKRb Ki wZbRb Av`vwj m wbq wfZiAvbv nq| Gw`K e`i eo RvnvR GmQ b cvq GKkv ewYK e`i GmDcw Z nq| wK Gm bj Kvb GK gnvRb GKvB mg gvjvgvj evqbv KiQb|ZLb Zviv LuvR wbq hyeKi wkwei Gm DcwZ nj| ewYKiv hyeKi wkweiGm wkweii NUv Avi Av `vwji QovQwo `L fvej, GB hyeK wbq AZzj mc`iAwaKvix| Zviv GK GKRb Ki hyeKi mv_ `Lv Kij Ges gvji GK GK Askcvevi Rb GK nvRvi UvKv jvf w`Z ivwR nj| Zvici hyeKi wbRi h Ask wQjmB AskI GK j UvKv jvf wew Ki w`j| hyeK `yBj UvKv jvf KievivYmxZ wdi Mj| Gfve mB hyeK GKwU giv Bu`yi w`q eemv i Ki gvPvi gvmi ga wecyj ab jvf Kij| ci mB hyeK evivYmxi gnvkxi LZveARb Kib (Z_m~ : RvZK mgM)|

    55

    divmyga Zvcm PvK&gv

    evev nA&gj NiZ Ge? (evev evwo Avmwe Ke?)

    gvi Kvgj Mjv dvbi Icvk _K Ai Ai PvL wfwRq `q| eQiLvbKbvwK ewk? H `~i cvnvokwY cwiq evwo hvIqv nqbv KZw`b? A wbRI fzjMQ|

    Ai gb Avevi bZzb Ki Awi nq IV| Dd! Nii `iRvq Kw`b cv cowb!Avnv H meyR cvnvomvwi `Lv nq bv Kw`b ai, nvBwKs nq bv ey`i mv_| eb-cvnvoi DuPzwbPz ivvq nuU Mvg hvIqvi w`bjv Ai PvL fvm| A QzUQNii A`~i ivRwb evci evMvb, Zvov KiQ Qv gy-Bw_Kv-eMviv| kv kvevZvm fm AvmQ Avgi M| A AvgMvQi wbP u`vwoq _vK| Sov evZvmAvav Auvavi Uzc Uzc Ki Avg co Avi m BQgZ Kzovq| Kzobv kl njivRwb evci wfUq BU gi fv-`o `q ARvbvi Dk...

    fvi mKvj fvix Kzqvkvi ga nuvUv Ii cyibv Afvm| evk gyL nuvUZ nuvUZm GKjv Pj hvq Pwek gvBj| GB GjvKvUv AbK ~`i| wbRb GKwU Piv vigvo| GLvb em A wKQzY wekvg bq Avi Acv Ki w`bi c_g evmiRb| cKwZ kv| gvS gvS `~i `yGKUv PbvRvbv cvwL WK IV| GB WvKAi wPiPbv; vb nIqvi ci _K GB WvKjv cwZw`b kvbv nq| hb cigcwZekx GB cvYxjv!

    gvoi Wvbcvk GK wekvj wUjvi Dci AvgW cywjk evUvwjqb Kvc evm KiMvUv `kK wmcvnx| wUjvi AbK wbP gvoi mgZj GK cyKzi| `k ^vaxbnqQ PwjkiI AvM| A eySZ cvi bv AvRI Pwjk eQi ci GB AR cvov-Muvq wewUk Avgji H Kvc Kb iLQ miKvi! GLvb PzwiPvgvwi bB WvKvwZiAvkvI bB| GLvb _K _vbv m`i Lye `~i h ZvI bq| ZviciI Ggb GKUvGjvKvq AvavmvgwiK cywjki jvj Wm Kb? ePviv`i Ni`vi AbK `~i,C`i QzwUZI evwoi gyL `Lv hvq bv| Kvc em gvwQ gviv Kvb KvR bB| cvwbAvbZ Mj evbvbv wmuwoi 267 avc eq bvgZ nq| GZ LvwUq gi AKRb

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