human development adolescence 13 – 17 years. physical growth growth spurt girls 9-10; slow down...
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Human Development
Adolescence
13 – 17 years
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Physical Growth Growth spurt
Girls 9-10; slow down at 15 Boys 12-17
Boys—voice deepens; adds muscle with a decline of body fat. Motor performance increases dramatically
Girls adds more body fat than muscle; motor performance decreases
Onset of puberty Early/late bloomers Early maturation
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Changes in Brain Structure
Trimming of the pre-frontal lobe of the brain
Mood swings Unreasonable and unpredictable
behavior Rising depression among youth Increase of teenage suicide Youth need greater demonstration of
love, yet they are often unlovable
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Changes in Brain Structure
The “ring of fire”
At-risk Youth
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Mental Growth
Formal operational reasoning Long-term knowledge base continues to expand Develops more complex rules for problem solving Becomes less self-conscious and self-focused Becomes better at planning and decision making
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Emotional Growth
Develops self-concept & self-esteem Starts dating Searches for an identity Experiences mood swings Overall exhibits better self-control if
properly disciplined in the earlier years
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The Adolescent13-19
Developmental Tasks Search for identity Gaining emotional independence from
parents and other adults Achieving assurance of economic
independence
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Factors that complicate growth
Home influences mixed with many others Explosion of information (internet) Varied career options Rapidly changing environment and the need for
continuous learning Expectations of marriage and parenthood
revised (divorce & remarriage) Delay in economic and emotional independence
when youth are physically and sexually mature
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The increased moratorium between childhood and adult responsibility resulting in delayed independence is one of the chief sources of youth-parent conflicts.
—William Rogers
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Relationship betweenadolescent rebelliousness & search for identity
Lack of emotional maturity; dependence on parents for financial support; therefore, unable to set up own home or enter into a career, youth seeks to make a statement of independence by rejecting parents’ values.
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Issues Peer pressure & influence
Drugs, smoking, alcohol Premarital sex Teen pregnancies
500,000 births per year in the U.S.400,000 teenage pregnancies end in abortionU.S. girls younger than 15 are 5 times more likely
to give birth than are girls from any other developed country
Between 1973 and 1987, pregnancy among teens between 10 and 14 increased 23%
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Teen Pregnancy
Physical, psychological and financial costs are high
Millions of adolescents are sexually active but ignorant about the consequences.
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Moral development
Likely to have a conventional moral orientation
Youth either find meaning in church or apostasize
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Adolescent heresy “We have noted that in
certain instances of parent-youth conflict, displaced aggression toward the parent may be directed against the church, resulting in a characteristic type of adolescent heresy.”--Ausubel
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Rejection of Parental Values
A time when critical faculties are developed; they begin to think for themselves.
Notice the flaws in the adult value system.
Adults talk their values, but fail to do them.
Therefore, results in the adolescent withdrawal from religion and church.
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Adolescent Heresy
“It is because so many parents and teachers profess to believe the Word of God while their lives deny its power, that the teaching of Scripture has no greater effect upon the youth.” Ed 259
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Reasons from Teenson Leaving the Church
NOT because of doctrine but confusion over the walk and the talk
Cold churches and unfriendly Irrelevance (boring) Intolerance Convenience Rejected because of premarital pregnancy
or other “sins” Interpersonal conflicts
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PREVENTION & HEALINGfor Adolescent Heresy
Listen and understand Facilitate gradual independence Give responsibility and hold them responsible Guide in value formation Teach decision making from principles Allow unwise decisions—learn from mistakes Don’t battle your teens; show unconditional love Model attractive & satisfying religion.
Roger Dudley, Why Adventist Youth Leave the Church, pp 219-221