human development and social change friedrich schiller university of jena center of applied...
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Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Rainer K. SilbereisenCenter for Applied Developmental Science
Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
Germany
Department HDFS
The Pennsylvania State University
USA
www.uni-jena.de/svw/devpsy
Individuals’ Coping with Challenges of Individuals’ Coping with Challenges of Social and Economic Change –Social and Economic Change –
A German StudyA German Study
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Aim of Lecture Present insights from recent research on German
unification and similar social and political transformations in Europe
Social change = change in social structures and institutions, norms, values, cultural products, symbols of a society
Surprisingly little research in psychology under headings of social change or related topics
Show how psychology helps to distinguish between established knowledge and unwarranted assertions
Former Studies on Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Change in Contexts and Challenges to Habits as Source of Re-Adjustment
Unification affected many contexts of human development (macro, exo, meso, micro), although at different pace and with different directions, through profound changes in law, economy, political system etc., and its consequences for social institutions related to school, work etc.
Elder‘s landmark study „Children of the Great Depression“ taken as point of departure for own research
Accordingly, social change causes disparity between claims and resources, and can result in loss of control that initiates „control cycles“ with the aim of finding a new balance
Cohort comparisons 1991 versus 1996 in East and West used
Former Studies on Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
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Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
New Project onDemands of Social Change
Social change does not affect all individuals to the same degree and in the same way
Individuals vary in the amount of exposure to change
Individuals vary in processes of coping with social change
Individuals differ in the availability of individual and social resources
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Main research goals
Identify the prevalence of certain aspects of social change in the current period of transformations
Assess how individuals cope with social change
Identify resources that promote effective coping with social change
Relate social change to a broad range of subjective and objective developmental outcomes
Test the proposed multivariate interplay of demands, resources, coping, and outcomes
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Project-Team
PTA
Jacqueline von Lipinski
Sekretariat
Annett Weise
Dipl. Psych.
Sebastian GrümerPD Dr. Martin
Pinquart
PD Dr. Matthias Reitzle
Developmental Psychology and CADS
Cand. Psych.
Astrid Körner
Dipl. Psych.
Martin Tomasik
Dipl. Psych.
Karoline Fabel
German National Science Foundation (DFG)
Prof. Dr. Rainer K. Silbereisen
Verona Christmas-Best,PhD
Dipl. Psych.
Claudia Haase
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
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Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Model of social change
Higher-order ecological system (e.g., community, region)
Individual time
Distal social change
Demands on the individual
Individualcoping processes
(control strategies)
Psychosocialoutcomes
Individual, social, and socio-structural
resources
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Facets of social change There is no generally accepted classification of social change at hand Nevertheless, a number of societal trends is repeatedly mentioned in
the literature These trends can be assigned to 3 broad clusters:
Globalization and economic liberalization Technological advancement in production and communication Knowledge-based society Cultural diversity
Individualization and pluralization of life course Emancipation from social background Self-responsibility
Demographic change Life expectancy Fertility rate
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
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Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
MV
TH
SH
BW
16 to 43 Year-olds
4 Federal States: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (East)
Thuringia (East)
Schleswig-Holstein (West)
Baden-Württemberg (West)
Sampling Rationale: Equal distribution across
counties/regions within states
Selection of sampling points within counties/regions
Expected representativeness within states for age, gender, community size
Sample
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Unemployment rate
> 20 %
15 % - 20 %
10 % - 25 %
< 10 %
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
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Sampling procedure
high demands/low resources
N=3000 about
N=600N=450
Random sample
3 Waves
Oversampling of overall high demands / low resources group
Complementary random sampling of remaining sample
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Quality of dataDemands, resources, coping behaviors and
outcomes were measured via both well-established and newly developed instruments, in all about 20
Each scale was evaluated with regard to itsPsychometric indices, such as consistencyItems and scale distribution propertiesDimensionality of scaleMeasurement equality and comparability
between gender groupsacross age groupsamong federal states
Convergent and divergent validity
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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New Projecton Social Change
Quality of data Brief example:
Life-Orientation-Test (LOT-German; Wieland-Eckelmann & Carver, 1995) Psychometrics:
All eight items and scale are negatively skewed
Cronbach‘s Alpha = .72
Measurement model: LOT is not one-, but two-dimensional
(measuring both optimism & pessimism)
Validity: High correlations between convergent
scales (e.g. self-esteem, life-satisfaction) underscores validity of LOT
Measurement equality: Invariance of factor loadings and residuals
between genders, age groups andregional groups except Baden-Württemberg
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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To summarize,
Except for two instruments, all scales werereliablevalid andshowed factor invariance across gender and age
groups
Interestingly some measurement inequality between the 4 federal statesNo simple East/West differenceMay be rooted in the large variation in contextual
issues related to social change
Quality of data
New Projecton Social Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Demands of social change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Higher-order ecological system (e.g., community, region)
Individual time
Distal social change
Demands on the individual
Individualcoping processes
(control strategies)
Psychosocialoutcomes
Individual, social, and socio-structural
resources
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
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Research questions &first results
Demands in Work and Occupation “As compared to five years ago, my career path is more
difficult to schedule.” “… it is more likely the case that I have to reckon with
unvoluntarily working only part-time instead of full-time.”
“… the risk of loosing my job has increased.” “… my occupational plans are more often obstructed by
unforeseen event and circumstances.” “… it is now more likely that I am forced to accept a job
below my qualification.” “… there are currently less job opportunities for me.”
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
High Relevanceof Demands Assessed
3,94
4,2
4,43
4,43
4,53
4,66
4,71
4,73
5,15
5,18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Moral Orientation
Schedule Career
Unexpected Events
Ambivalent re Child
Part-Time Work
Family Decisions
Unemployment
Below Qualification
Political Parties
Fewer J obs
Mean Endorsement
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Demands in Family andIntimate Relationship
“As compared to five years ago, I have to take more things into account when it comes to decisions concerning my family or relationship.”
“… given my present life cirumstances, it is more dificult to decide, whether I want to have a(nother) child or not.”
“…the knowledge and experience of my parents now provide less sense of direction in my life.”
“… it is more likely the case that I will become financially dependend on my parents.”
“… my personal contacts are now less reliable.” “… it is more likely that my partner could leave me.”
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Demands in Leisure andPublic Life
“As compared to five years ago, my personal view of life is now more strongly challenged by other philosophies.”
“… political parties are less able to offer me answers to important questions.”
“… there are less points of reference for me concerning what is right or wrong”
“… my everyday life is now more strongly influenced by customs and traditions from foreign cultures.”
… I am now more greatly restricted in my everyday behavior by political and religious extremism.”
It is now more likely to happen that modern possibilities of paying without cash lead me to lose track of my finances.”
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Demands:Significant Group Differences
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Demands: Conclusion
Demands assessed of high relevance for the individuals
Domain of work particularily relevant
High variability between groupsEast vs. West
Unemployed vs. others
High vs. low education
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Research questions &first results
Processes of coping
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Higher-order ecological system (e.g., community, region)
Individual time
Distal social change
Demands on the individual
Individualcoping processes
(control-strategies)
Psychosocialoutcomes
Individual, social, and socio-structural
resources
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Theory of Control byHeckhausen & Schulz
Protection of motivation potential /
Ease goal disengagement
Use of external resources
Meta-volitionInvestment of
internal resources
Secondary
(emotion-centered)
Primary
(problem-oriented)
Control
Fun
ctio
n Sel
ectiv
e (g
oal-
orie
tent
ed)
Com
pens
ator
y
(loss
-orie
nted
)
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Research questions &first results
OPS: Item Wording „In order to cope with these demands, I‘m willing to
put in a great deal of effort“ (SPC) „In order to cope with these demands, I say to myself
that I‘m sure I can make it if only I really try“ (SSC) „If I can only hardly advance by my own means, I ask
others about ways and means to make some progress anyway“ (CPC)
„If I fail to cope with these demands, I look for explanations to justify it to myself“ (CSC I)
„If I fail to cope with these demands, I stop thinking about it“ (CSC II)
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Research questions &first results
OPS: First Results
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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OPS: Conclusions Efficient and reliable instrument for the assessment
of coping
Comparability of coping across domains
Lower engagement and higher disengagement in leisure and public life as compared to the other two domains
Unemployed report strategies of disengagement, probably an adaptive reaction to their living cirumstances
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
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Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Resources
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Higher-order ecological system (e.g., community, region)
Individual time
Distal social change
Demands on the individual
Individualcoping processes
(control strategies)
Psychosocialoutcomes
Individual, social, and socio-structural
resources
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Resources: Composition and Structure
Personal Resources
‚Adaptability‘
Optimism Self-efficacy Exploration
Proximal: Social Support
Social Resources
Distal: Community Support
Emotional and Instrumental Support Caring community Formal involvement
(20, N=2463)=152.38, p<.001; CFI=.982, RMSEA=.05 Count-variable: Range: 0 - 2; Mean 0.93 (SD=0.77)
(12, N=2721)=33.25, p=.001; CFI=.985, RMSEA=.03
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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-0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 +0,1 +0,2 +0,3
z-standardized Scores
Resources: Some Differences in Selected Groups
- 0,3 - 0,2 - 0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3
Pers
on
al
Resou
rces
unemployed
other
employed
non-college-bound
college-bound
Baden-Württemberg
Schleswig-Holstein
Thüringen
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
employment
region
education
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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z-standardized Scores
- 0,3 - 0,2 - 0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3
- 0,3 - 0,2 - 0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3
east
employment
employment
region
region
gender
unemployed
other
employed
east
female
male
unemployed
non-employed
employed
west
west
Resources: Some Differences in Selected Groups
Socia
l S
up
port
Com
mu
nit
y
Su
pp
ort
Socia
l R
esou
rces
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Resources:Evaluation of assessment
Personal resources - adaptability Higher in well educated and employed people, probably due to higher
competencies Higher levels in the East, perhaps due to more experience with social
change
Perceived social support – emotional and instrumental Women report higher levels of perceived emotional and instrumental
support Lower among unemployed, probably due to negative effects on personal
relationships Higher levels in the East, perhaps reminiscent of the past
Community support – caring community and involvement in groups Lower in the East and among the unemployed
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Outcomes
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Higher-order ecological system (e.g., community, region)
Individual time
Distal social change
Demands on the individual
Individualcoping processes
(control strategies)
Psychosocialoutcomes
Individual, social, and socio-structural
resources
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Outcomes A portfolio of outcomes was gathered – maladjustment
such as depressive mood as well as positive adjustment such as life satisfaction and stable career development
We were particularly interested in individual outcomes that have the potential to give an impulse ultimately to changes of the social system, rather than simply represent an adjustment to constraints perceived as stable
Intimate partnerships are also relevant – many demands of social change refer to an increased instability of close relationships
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Intimate relationshipsResearch Questions 1
Are family-related demands, control-processes, and psychosocial resources related to the kind and quality of intimate relationships?
Do control processes buffer the effects of family-related demands?
Dependent VariablesQuality of the current intimate relationship
(subsample of respondents with partner)
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Intimate relationships
R2= .40; ** p < .01, *** p < .001
Predictors of a high quality of the intimate relationship (N=1,447)
- 0,2 - 0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3 AgeFemale gender**
# of demands***
Personal resources***Social support***
Distal resources
Active Coping*Distancing Coping
Demands x active copingDemands x distancing coping
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Subjective well-being
Research Question 2: Are demands of social change related to subjective well-being? Are psychosocial resources and attitude towards social change related to well-
being? Do resources or attitude buffer the negative effects of change related demands?
Attitude towards social
change
CumulatedWork relatedDemands
Cumulated Family relatedDemands
CumulatedLeisure relatedDemands
Subjectivewell-being
PsychosocialResources
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Subjective well-being
-0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
w o rk x so c ia l
w o rk x p e rso n a l
w o rk x a ttitu d e
so c ia l su p p o rt
p e rso n a l re so u rc e s
a ttitu d e
le isu re re la te d d e ma n d s
fa mily re la te d d e ma n d s
w o rk re la te d d e ma n d s
E d u c a tio n
w o rk -sta tu s
a g e Age**
Work status**
Education
Personal resources**
Social support**
Attitude towards change**
Family related demands
Leisure related demands
Work related demands**
Work x Personal
Work x Social*
Work x attitude
Multiple regression
R2= .48; ** p < .01, * p < .05
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Research questions &first results
Subjective well-being
Strongest negative effect on well-being for work-related demands, no negative relationships between family and leisure related demands and well-being
Personal and social resources positively associated with well-being
A positive attitude towards social change corresponds to a higher well-being
Significant, but small buffering effect by social resources on relation between work-related demands and well-being
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Civic Engagement
Research questions &first results
Theoretical Premise Civic engagement (CE) represents an important
intersection between individual and society in all modern democracies
But: Civic engagement is difficult to predict and only few variables are known to have a substantial influence
Research Questions 3 Consistent with notions of societal tendencies
towards individualization psychological variables should play an important role in predicting CE
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Civic Engagement 2 items were crosstabulated
Engagement in „Ehrenamt“ (volunteer activity) during
last 12 months
Current active participation in an institution („Verein“), citizens' initiative or church
Research questions &first results
„Ehrenamt“ (12 month prevalence)
0 1
0Non-activeN = 1212
Individually engaged N = 128
1Organised via institution
N = 512
Civic Engagement in an institutionN = 268
Activeparticipation
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Civic Engagement
Research questions &first results
0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2
Individually engaged
Organized via institution
Civic Engagement in aninstitution
Multinomialregression (selected variables shown)
**
****
****
**
**
****
**
****
**
Parenthood
East-Germany
Work-related demands
Family-related demands
Personal resources
Social resources
Coping: problem-focused
Coping: disengagement
Goal: high social status
Goal: affection
Goal: many friendships
Goal: exciting life
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Civic Engagement Found some small but significant effects of some
sociodemographic conditions
Accumulation of change-related demands is negatively correlated with civic engagement, but effects disappear once supports & coping are included
Psychological variables play a major role in predicting CE. Found significant correlations with Psychosocial resources (positive)
Control strategies (notably distancing from or downplaying of former and unreachable goals, positive)
Life goals: high social standing (positive), exciting life (negative)
Research questions &first results
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Macrocontextual influences Research Questions 4
Are the relationships between demands, coping and well-being moderated by macrocontextual influences?
Research questions &first results
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low high
Economic Power of the Region (Brutto Industrial Product/Mean Level of Income)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3Number of perceived demands
Regional differences in theperceived number of work-related demands
Macrocontextual influences
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Adaptive Behavior under Constrained Ecology
Theoretical Premise Unemployment is a case of lacking opportunities and
uncertainty In principle less pronounced associations expected in
economically less well-off regions, due to psychological processes of self-immunization
“Social mechanisms” also relevant, such as belief-formation by following what others do
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
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Moderating effects of the Regional Unemployment Rate on the Association between Problem-focused Coping and Psychological Well-being
Employed respondents; *** p < .001
Low unemployment Medium unemployment High unemployment
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
Regression Coefficient
*** *** ***
Macrocontextual influences
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Moderating Effect of the Regional Unemployment Rate on the Association between Perceived Work-Related Demands and Psychological Well-Being
Sample of employed respondents. ** p < .01, *** p < .001
Low unemployment Medium unemployment High unemployment
0
0,05
-0,05
-0,1
-0,15
-0,2
Regre
ssio
n C
oeffi
cient
*** **
Macrocontextual influences
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Adaptive Behavior under Constrained Ecology
Research Questions 5 Are self-protective and disengagement strategies
(compensatory secondary coping) under unfavorable economic conditions more adaptive?
Theoretical Premise Coping of demands relies on opportunity structures
provided (or not) by proximal environment Regions differ with regard to the sociostructural
conditions they provide for effective coping (e.g., unemployment rate: 5% … 30%)
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Adaptive Behavior under Constrained Ecology
Compensatory Secondary Coping
Sati
sfact
ion
Wit
h L
ife
- - - Opportunity Structures + + +
Self-protection/disengagement high
Self-protection/disengagement low
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
OutlookThe current study will…
increase the knowledge on the interplay of demands, resources, coping, and outcomes
enrich insights into the interplay of personal conditions and contextual constraints in adolescent and young adult development
provide well-tested instruments to be used in further studies on human development in times of social change
indicate possible ways to optimize thriving vis-à-vis challenges of social change
establish a model of social change on the individual and the aggregate level, amenable to social policies
Research questions &first results
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Further readings
Human Development and Social ChangeFriedrich Schiller University of Jena Center of Applied Developmental Science Sonderforschungsbereich 580 – C6
Research in Jena onSocial Change
New Projecton Social Change
Former Studies on Social Change
Theoretical Model onSocial Change
Research questions &first results
Further readings