human ekg. heart: review electrical pathway of the heart sa node av node bundle of his right bundle...
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Human EKG
Heart: Review
Electrical Pathway of the Heart
SA NodeAV Node
Bundle of His
Right bundle branch
Left bundle branch
Inferior vena cava
Purkinje fibers
EKG or ECG• Electrocardiogram
• Willem Einthoven-1903
• A record of the overall spread of electrical activity of the heart.
• What EKG actually records:
1) NOT a direct recording of electrical activity. Recording a portion of
electrical activity induced in body fluids by cardiac impulse that reaches
the surface of the body.
2) NOT a recording of a single AP in a single cell at a single point in time.
Represents the SUM of electrical activity in all of cardiac muscle cells.
3) Represents comparisons in voltage detected by electrodes at two different
points on the body’s surface. Not actual potential.
Einthoven’s Triangle
• Determines the electrical axis of the heart.
• Equilateral triangle. The vertices are at the left and right shoulders
and the pubic region.
• The center corresponds to the vector sum of all electric activity
occurring in the heart at any given moment.
• Based on 3 lead system. Now have 12 lead systems that are much
more accurate.
• Einthoven’s law: At any instant the potential of any wave in lead II
is equal to the sum of potentials in leads I and III.
Atrial Depolarizati
on
Ventricular Depolarization
Ventricular Repolarizati
on
Diastole80 mmHg
Systole120 mmHg
Why is atrial repolarization not represented on the figure?
Why Use EKG?
• Detect Arrhythmias
– Irregular heart beat
• May indicate medical disorder or be due to
physiological state.
– Bradycardia = decrease heart rate (sinus node
problem OR athlete)
– Tachycardia = increase heart rate (imbalance of
electrolytes OR exercise)
Group Mean HB (BPM)
Resting Adult 60-100
Adult male 70
Adult female 75
Teenager 80-100
Child 90-110
Toddler 100-130
Infant 130-150
Athlete 50-60 (lowest ever 25)
Sleep 40
Exercise 220
Lance Armstrong 32-34 (resting) 201 (exercising)
Elephant 28
Shrew > 800
Today’s Lab
• EKG and Heart sounds.
• Only do lab on 2 group members.
• Only have to do resting EKG once for
each member (ignore Experiment 1
in heart sounds lab).
Homework!!!!
• Answer all labscribe questions.
• Write a results and methods section
for this lab. Please attach a data
sheet with all of your RAW data.
• RAW data should not be a part of
your results section!
Results Section
• Should concisely present your data. This
section should have figures and/or tables AS
WELL AS a paragraph explaining those data.
• Don’t interpret the data, however, you should
point out any trends (i.e. heart rate increases
with increased activity or average heart rate
was lower in males than females).