Human Exploration of the Moonand Mars

Launch configuration

Crew Exploration Vehicle

Service module carries the CEV to the Moon

Lunar Surface Module

Site Selection for Moon

Near-side Far-side

Optimal Science Base * Numbers indicate sortie sites

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

17

18

19

20 21

25

262933

31

10

1112

1315

1623

58

27

2832

34

3536

3738

39

40

41

42

43

46 47

4950

52

53

54

55

56

57

30

45

22

24

Do it on the Moon first

•Partial gravity

•Radiation

•Planetary protection

NASA Mars Reference mission

NASA Mars Reference mission

Advanced Life Support Requirements Document. JSC-38571C/CTSD-ADV-245C Feb 2003, NASA JSC

Advanced Life Support Requirements Document. JSC-38571C/CTSD-ADV-245C Feb 2003, NASA JSC

MacElroy et al. 1985

Human requirements and products kg/person-day

RequirementsFood 0.6

Water3

Oxygen0.8

Total4.5

OutputsSolids 0.2

Water3.3

CO2

1.0

Total4.5

NASA Advaced Life support

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Biosphere II

Using the martian soil and atmosphere for a plant growth moduleNear-term missions

NASA Mars Reference mission

McMurdo Station: 50 years of science exploration

The Antarctica Model

Fifty years of continuous operations, 1-15 month tours.

Three permanent bases with temporary field camps.

Dec 1956: Bases established, IGY Cold War competition.

Science exploration was rationale, NSF had responsibility for science.

1970s, 1980s: US Antarctic research program operated as a part of foreign policy & military preparedness for cold weather operations.

1990s: Cold War ends, military activities in USARP reduced.

2000: Helicopter transport provided by private sector.

2005: Civilian science (NSF) managed program entirely. Contractor operation of base (Ratheon Polar Services)

Air Force provides transport to Antarctica, Coast Guard provides ice breaker.

2006: NSF directed to assume operation of ice breakers.

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Don’t send humans because they will contaminate Mars before we have a chance to determine if it has life and its potential for life

We’ve already contaminated Mars

Spirit Rover with 105 bacteria at Gusev Crater