human genetics
TRANSCRIPT
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Human Genetics
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Students will be able to
Understand the patterns of Human Inheritance
Demonstrate how sex chromosomes function
Describe sex-linked diseases Evaluate the effects of environment on
behavior
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Single Gene with Two Alleles
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Multiple Alleles
One gene has many different versions
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Blood Typing
One gene for standard blood type: I gene
Three alleles A, B, OA modified blood surfaceB modified blood surfaceO No modification on
surfaceSo IA or IB or i
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Blood Types due to 3 Alleles
Genotypes
IAIA
IAi IBIB
IBi ii IAIB
Phenotypes
A BloodA BloodB BloodB BloodO BloodAB Blood
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Blood Type - Second Gene (Rh)
Genotypes
Rh No Rh
Phenotypes
+-
So you can have A + or – B + or – AB + or – O + or -
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Traits with many genes
Height (4 different genes)
Skin color
Weight (130 genes)
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Sex Chromosomes
Two different types X and Y X chromosome is complex Y chromosome causes male traits
X Y
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
Y
Y113
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Sex-Linked Genes
Genes that are present on the X chromosome
Example: Colorblindness
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Colorblindness
XC Y
XC
Xc
XC XC
Xc Xc
XC
XC
Y
Y
XC = Normal color visionXc = Color Blindness (recessive)
One copy you appear normal but have the disease gene “Carrier”
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Environmental Effects
Height 4 genes Environmental Factors
Diet Vitamins & Minerals Exercise
Play Violin Muscle coordination Good Hearing Instruction & Practice
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Hemophilia A
Xh = Hemophilia A Xh X
X
Y
X X
Y Y
Xh
Xh
X
Xa. What percentage will have hemophilia A?
b. What gender are they?
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Hemophilia A
Xh = Hemophilia A Xh X
Xh
Y
Xh Xh
Y Y
Xh
Xh
X
Xa. What percentage will have hemophilia A?
b. What gender are they?
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Hemophilia A
X X
Xh
Y
Xh Xh
Y Y
X
X
X
X
Xh YNone of sons get itFather has hemophilia
What are the genotypes of the parents?