HUMAN LOCOMOTION SYSTEM

SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA

Let’s look at your friend!

HOW THEY CAN SIT STRAIGHT?

YES! They have skeleton!

BONES

Function:Function:

•• Supporter and provider of body shapeSupporter and provider of body shape

•• Inner organ protectorInner organ protector

•• Place to form red blood cellsPlace to form red blood cells•• Place to form red blood cellsPlace to form red blood cells

•• Muscles adherence placeMuscles adherence place

•• As the passive motion organAs the passive motion organ

Passive Motion Organs?

TYPE OF BONES…

Cartilage Bone• As a support skeleton in embryo phase

• Adult need elasticity

• Cartilage cells (chondrocyte) and matrix chondrin

Matrix= protein and polysaccharide, also • Matrix= protein and polysaccharide, also produce collagen (more than Calcium)

1. Hyaline Cartilage

• Homogenous matrix

• Smooth & shiny glasslike structure

• Example:• end of leg, • end of leg,

• arms,

• joints,

• walls of trachea,

• between ribs,

• breastbone

2. Elastic Cartilage

• Flexible, elastic, easily back into shape

• Branched elastic fiber

• Yellow appearance

• Example:• Example:

– Pinna of ear

– Pinna of nose

– Epiglottis

3. Fibrous Cartilage

• Less flexibility = strong and compact

• Irregular collagen fiber

• Example:

– Between vertebrae– Between vertebrae

BONES (OSTEON)

• Consist of bone cells (osteocytes) and matrix

• Matrix: a few collagen and protein

• From cartilage + vit D ossify

• Structure:• Structure:

Haversian canal

Lamellae

Osteocyte

1. Periosteum

• Membrane

• Attached firmly

• Muscle attachment

2. Osteocyte

• Bone cell

• Concentric circular

3. Matrix3. Matrix• Around the osteocyte

• Collagen matrix and mineral (Ca, Mg, P)

• Cause bones harder than cartilage

4. Lamela

• Matrix align concentrically

4. Canaliculi

• Connect one osteocyte to other osteocyte

• Nutrition and oxygen supply

• waste

5. Havers Canal

• Blood vessel

– Function?

Haversian System

• Havers canal

• Matrix

• Lamellae

6. Marrow

• Red Marrow

– Red blood cell formation

– Children: skull

– Adult: skull, backbones, ribs– Adult: skull, backbones, ribs

• Yellow Marrow

– Fat disposal

BONE FORMATION

Substances…

• Calcium

• Phospate

• Vitamin D

• Calcitonin hormone• Calcitonin hormone

• Paratyroid hormone

Ossification

• From cartilage

– Long bones

– Fr the middle

– Appearance of blood vessel and osteoblast– Appearance of blood vessel and osteoblastproduction

• From bone cells

– Bigger and longer

– Epiphyseal disk