Human MemoryHuman Memory

Three TypesThree Types

Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory

Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory

Memory ModelMemory Model

Sensory MemorySensory Memory The sensory memories act

as buffers for stimuli received through the senses. Information is passed from sensory memory into short-term memory by attention, thereby filtering the stimuli to only those which are of interest at a given time.

The sensory memories act as buffers for stimuli received through the senses. Information is passed from sensory memory into short-term memory by attention, thereby filtering the stimuli to only those which are of interest at a given time.

Short Term MemoryShort Term Memory

Short-term memory acts as a scratch-pad for temporary recall of the information under process. For instance, in order to understand this sentence you need to hold in your mind the beginning of the sentence you read the rest.

Short-term memory acts as a scratch-pad for temporary recall of the information under process. For instance, in order to understand this sentence you need to hold in your mind the beginning of the sentence you read the rest.

Short Term Memory Capacity

Short Term Memory Capacity

Short term Memory decays rapidly and has very limited capacity. (15-30 seconds)

Chunking information can lead to an increase in short term memory capacity.

Interference can cause disturbance in short term memory retention.

Short term Memory decays rapidly and has very limited capacity. (15-30 seconds)

Chunking information can lead to an increase in short term memory capacity.

Interference can cause disturbance in short term memory retention.

Long Term MemoryLong Term Memory

Long-term memory is intended for storage of information over a long time. Information from the working memory is transferred to it after a few seconds. Unlike in working memory, there is little decay.

Long-term memory is intended for storage of information over a long time. Information from the working memory is transferred to it after a few seconds. Unlike in working memory, there is little decay.

Long Term Memory TypesLong Term Memory Types

Episodic memory represents our memory of events and experiences in a serial form.

Semantic memory, on the other end, is a structured record of facts, concepts and skills that we have acquired.

Episodic memory represents our memory of events and experiences in a serial form.

Semantic memory, on the other end, is a structured record of facts, concepts and skills that we have acquired.

Long Term Memory Structure

Long Term Memory Structure

Long Term Memory Process

Long Term Memory Process

There are three main activities related to long term memory: storage, deletion and retrieval.

There are three main activities related to long term memory: storage, deletion and retrieval.

StorageStorage

Information from short-term memory is stored in long-term memory by rehearsal. The repeated exposure to a stimulus or the rehearsal of a piece of information transfers it into long-term memory.

Experiments also suggest that learning time is most effective if it is distributed over time.

Information from short-term memory is stored in long-term memory by rehearsal. The repeated exposure to a stimulus or the rehearsal of a piece of information transfers it into long-term memory.

Experiments also suggest that learning time is most effective if it is distributed over time.

DeletionDeletion

Deletion is mainly caused by decay and interference.

Emotional factors also affect long-term memory.

Deletion is mainly caused by decay and interference.

Emotional factors also affect long-term memory.

RetrievalRetrieval

There are two types of information retrieval: recall and recognition.

In recall, the information is reproduced from memory.

In recognition the presentation of the information provides the knowledge that the information has been seen before.

There are two types of information retrieval: recall and recognition.

In recall, the information is reproduced from memory.

In recognition the presentation of the information provides the knowledge that the information has been seen before.

8 Ways to Improve Memory

8 Ways to Improve Memory

1. Grouping2. Rhyming3. Spelling4. Narrating5. Mapping6. Linking7. Placing8. Experiencing

1. Grouping2. Rhyming3. Spelling4. Narrating5. Mapping6. Linking7. Placing8. Experiencing

GroupingGrouping

Rearrange large numbers of items into smaller units of logical or artificial groups.

Rearrange large numbers of items into smaller units of logical or artificial groups.

Example 1Example 1

Look at this number for 3 seconds and try to memorize it.

Look at this number for 3 seconds and try to memorize it.

48440223454844022345

Example 1Example 1

Were you able to memorize it?

What made it difficult to memorize?

Were you able to memorize it?

What made it difficult to memorize?

Example 2Example 2

484-402-2345484-402-2345

Now look at the same number and try to memorize it.

It is easier to memorize this number because they are “grouped.”

Now look at the same number and try to memorize it.

It is easier to memorize this number because they are “grouped.”

Example 2Example 2

You can also classify/group according to type.

Shakespeare’s 37 plays can be arranged in logical groups such as: Comedy History Tragedy

You can also classify/group according to type.

Shakespeare’s 37 plays can be arranged in logical groups such as: Comedy History Tragedy

RhymingRhyming

Use the poetic methods of sound in rhyming, rhythm or alliteration

Use the poetic methods of sound in rhyming, rhythm or alliteration

Example 1Example 1

In order, what happened to Henry VIII's wives? Died, Beheaded, Died

Died, Beheaded, Survived.

In order, what happened to Henry VIII's wives? Died, Beheaded, Died

Died, Beheaded, Survived.

Example 2Example 2

i before e except after c or when sounded as a as in neighbor and weigh.

i before e except after c or when sounded as a as in neighbor and weigh.

SpellingSpelling

Take the first letters or syllables to form a new word that spells out the information.

Take the first letters or syllables to form a new word that spells out the information.

Example 1Example 1

H.O.M.E.S. The 5 Great Lakes:

Huron Ontario Michigan Erie Superior

H.O.M.E.S. The 5 Great Lakes:

Huron Ontario Michigan Erie Superior

Example 2Example 2

ROY G. BIV: The 7 colors of the visual

spectrum? red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

ROY G. BIV: The 7 colors of the visual

spectrum? red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

NarratingNarrating

Use the imaginative process to create a sentence, a story, a cartoon or a visual picture.

Use the imaginative process to create a sentence, a story, a cartoon or a visual picture.

Example 1Example 1

My Very Eager Mother Just Sold Us Nine Pickles Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

My Very Eager Mother Just Sold Us Nine Pickles Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

MappingMapping

Structure a diagrammatic representation of the relationship between major ideas, sub categories, and supporting details.

Structure a diagrammatic representation of the relationship between major ideas, sub categories, and supporting details.

Example 1Example 1

Example 2Example 2

LinkingLinking

Connect a list of unrelated items though exaggerated, ridiculous or absurd associations.

Connect a list of unrelated items though exaggerated, ridiculous or absurd associations.

Example 1Example 1 1 MERCURY thermometer was in the

mouth of VENUS, with-the-2- on-her-toe-goddess-of-love. Her navel was a huge EARTH with a 3 on it. On the other side of her mouth was a 4 star MARS candy bar. The 5 fingers of her hand and wrist spelled out JUPITER. 6 rings of SATURN were turning around her head while above it 7 rain drops of URANUS were falling and gradually became 8 musical notes for a NEPTUNE. Amazingly Venus was standing on PLUTO the dog whose tail was curled into a 9. (The seven planets in order.)

1 MERCURY thermometer was in the mouth of VENUS, with-the-2- on-her-toe-goddess-of-love. Her navel was a huge EARTH with a 3 on it. On the other side of her mouth was a 4 star MARS candy bar. The 5 fingers of her hand and wrist spelled out JUPITER. 6 rings of SATURN were turning around her head while above it 7 rain drops of URANUS were falling and gradually became 8 musical notes for a NEPTUNE. Amazingly Venus was standing on PLUTO the dog whose tail was curled into a 9. (The seven planets in order.)

PlacingPlacing

Place units of information in terms of location or chronology.

Place units of information in terms of location or chronology.

Example 1Example 1

Maslow's pyramidal hierarchy of human needs: self-actualization ego needs: status, pride,

knowledge, self respect Social needs:  love, belonging,

acceptance, association security needs:  psychological &

physical safetybasic

(physiological) needs:  food, water, air, sex, activity, rest shelter

Maslow's pyramidal hierarchy of human needs: self-actualization ego needs: status, pride,

knowledge, self respect Social needs:  love, belonging,

acceptance, association security needs:  psychological &

physical safetybasic

(physiological) needs:  food, water, air, sex, activity, rest shelter

Example 2Example 2

You can also draw out the pyramid.

You can also draw out the pyramid.

ExperiencingExperiencing

Act out or go through the motions to get the feel of an idea.

Act out or go through the motions to get the feel of an idea.

Example 1Example 1

You learn a new word in a foreign language you say the word out loud.

You learn a new word in a foreign language you say the word out loud.

Example 2Example 2

Actors will put themselves in character to help them learn their parts.

Actors will put themselves in character to help them learn their parts.