Human Papillomavirus and Cervical CancerAnd ways to prevent it!

Lindsey SaundersAuburn UniversityNURS 7446December 3, 2014

Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most

common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world.

About 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV and there are 14 million new cases every year.

There are over 100 different types of HPV.

In most cases it goes away on its own and does not cause health problems, while other cases can cause genital warts and cancers.

HPV types 6,11,16, and 18 are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers, 70% of vaginal cancers , 50% of vulvar cancers and 90% of genital warts.

Significance All sexually active women are at risk of

HPV and cervical cancer regardless of race and economic status and most women will become infected throughout their lifetime.

Over 99% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV.

More than 10,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year.

Role of the Nurse Practitioner

Education What HPV is How to prevent it Decrease social stigma

Prevention Vaccination Screening Protection

Recommendation NPs must recommend vaccination to all

qualifying patients.

Nursing Theory The purpose of education is to cause a

positive change. Kurt Lewin’s Change Theory is based on

the change process in the human system.

His theory has three stages: Unfreezing Movement Refreezing

Project Development A pamphlet was formed discussing

HPV, cervical cancer and ways to prevent them.

It contains information about Transmission Different types of HPV Signs and symptoms How it causes cancer Prevention methods

Vaccinations What they protect against How they work Recommended age ranges Administration details

Pap smears Protection

Project Implementation Where:

Alabama State Health Department in Tallapoosa County.

Who: 10 women ages 19-26 6 African American, 4 Caucasian 2  women had previously received

the vaccination in its entirety 1 woman had received only 1

injection of the vaccine previously 7 women were unvaccinated 6 out of 10 women had heard of the

vaccine 5 out of 10 stated that their health

care provider had recommended they receive it.  

Evaluation All 10 women were able to

describe HPV, how it is transmitted, how it causes cervical cancer, and the ways to prevent it.

Of the 7 women who had never received the vaccine, 3 of them decided to get vaccinated the same day. The woman who had only received 1 of the 3 vaccines decided to receive the entire vaccination series.

Future Considerations

Cost of Vaccinations

Side Effects/ Adverse Effects of Vaccine

Contraindications of vaccine.

Conclusion

The majority of HPV and cervical cancers can be prevented, making patient education imperative.

Providing patients with the education and tools they need to battle this infection can lead to more informed decision making.

Questions?

References Akyuz, A., Yilmaz, C., Yenen, M.C., Yavan, T., & Kilic, A. (2011). Women’s awareness of the

human papillomavirus and related health problems. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(12), 2703-2712. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05693.x

Batras, D., Duff, C., & Smith, B.J. (2014). Organizational change theory: implications for health

promotion practice. Health Promotion International 29(4). doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau098 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Human papillomavirus (HPV).

Retrieved http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/in dex.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(2014). HPV vaccination. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/default.htm Markowitz, L.E., Hariri, S., Lin, C., Dunne, E.F., Steinau, M., McQuillan, G., & Unger, E.R. (2013). Reduction in human papillomavirus prevalence among young women following hpv vaccine introduction in united states national health and nutrition examination surveys, 2003-2010. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit192 National Cancer Institute. (2013). HPV and cancer. Retrieved http://www.cancer.gov

/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/HPV Yitalo, K.R., Lee, H., & Mehta, N.K. (2013). Healthcare provider recommendation, human papillomavirus vaccination, and race/ethnicity in the U.S. national immunization survey. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 164-169.