Human Physiology in the Development of Performance

D681 12

Session 3

Test

• Lets see what you know so far!

By the end of today’s lesson you should all be able to:

1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body

2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the body

3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle

4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle

5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular contraction

6. Correctly identify muscle pairings

7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular contraction

8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle through a sport and fitness training programme

Task

• We are now going to learn the anatomical names of the muscles using the worksheet ‘Learning Anatomical Names of Muscles’

Learning the Anatomical Namesof the Muscles

Shoulders

Chest

Upper Back

Mid Back

Lower Back

Front of Arm

Back of Arm

Stomach

Deltoids

Pectorals

Trapezius & Rhomboids

Latissimus Dorsi

Erector Spinae

Biceps

Triceps

Abdominals

Learning the Anatomical Namesof the Muscles

Waist

Front of Hip

Buttocks

Front of Thigh

Back of Thigh

Inner Thigh

Outer Thigh

Shin

Calf

Obliques

Hip Flexors

Gluteals

Quadriceps

Hamstrings

Adductors

Abductors

Tibialis Anterior

Gastrocnemius & Soleus

You Should Now Be Able To;

• Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body

Muscles on the Front of the Body

Pectorals

Biceps

Abdominals

QuadricepsTibialis Anterior

Obliques

AbductorsAdductors

Hip Flexors

Deltoids

Muscles on the Back of the Body

Deltoids

TricepsLatissimus Dorsi

Glutes

Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

Trapezius

Erector Spinae

Rhomboids

Soleus

Outcome 1- Explain the structure and function of the skeletal and muscular systems

Muscles – An Introduction

• Approximately 40 % of body mass is made up of muscle tissue, the purpose of much of which is to move bones

• However there are other types of muscle tissue:

Three Types of Muscle

1.Skeletal Muscle

• Allows movements at joints

2.Cardiac Muscle

• Heart muscle

3.Smooth muscle

• Internal organs

Three Functions of Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle has three main functions:

1.Movement

2.Support and Posture

3.Heat Production

Three Function of Skeletal Muscle

How does the body perform each of these functions

1.Muscles are attached to bones via tendons – muscles contract and pull on the bones to create movement

2.Muscles are in a state of semi contraction in order to keep you upright (muscle tone) and provide you with support and posture

3.When muscles contract they produce heat which is why we get warm when exercising

Breakdown of Muscle Anatomy

• Muscles are attached to bones via tendons

• Each muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres (fascicle)

• Each bundle of fibres (fascicle) contains several single muscle fibres

• A single muscle fibre is composed of smaller strands called myofibrils

• Myofibrils are divided into contractile units called myofilaments namely actin and myosin

Breakdown of a Muscle Anatomy

Principles of Muscle Action

• Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres, which all run in the same direction and line up alongside each other

• This means that when a muscle contracts, it shortens along the length of the muscle, and therefore makes the muscle overall length of the muscle shorter

• This in turn, pulls on the bone and movement is created

Principles of Muscle Action

Type of Contraction

Explanation of Contraction

Example of Type of

Contraction

Concentric Muscle contracts and shortens

Bicep Curl; lift phase; bicep

Eccentric Muscle contracts and lengthens

Sit up; lower phase; abdominals

Isometric Muscles contract and remain the same length

Ski sit; hold phase; quadriceps

Muscle Pairings

• Muscles can only pull on bones to cause movement to occur

• Muscles need to work in pairs as they cannot push the bones back to their starting position

• In general every muscle on the front of the body will have a partner that it works with on the back of the body

• Whenever a resistance training programme is designed you should ensure that both muscles in the pair are trained to create a balance in the body

Muscle Pairings

• Agonist (Prime Mover); muscle which produces the desired joint movement

• Antagonist; muscle which produces the opposite action to the agonist

• Example; Agonist during a Bicep Curl is the Biceps and the Antagonist is the Triceps

Task

• Complete the worksheet titled ‘Muscle Pairings’

• Think about the muscles that lie on the front of the body and think about the muscles that lie on the back

Task

• Now think about all the information you have learned and put it into an exercise context

• Complete the worksheet titled ‘Muscle Pairings and Movement Patterns’

What happens to your muscles if you take

part in sport or fitness training programme?

• In your group make a list of all the changes that you think happen to muscles with exercise

Adaptations to Muscles with Exercise

• Increased muscle size

• Increase in lactic acid tolerance

• Increase in muscle proteins (actin and myosin)

• Increased efficiency in muscular contraction

You should now be able to:

1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body

2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the body

3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle

4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle

5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular contraction

6. Correctly identify muscle pairings

7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular contraction

8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle through a sport and fitness training programme

Topics you will be assessed on

Here are the topics you should focus your revision on;

1. Anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body

2. Anatomy of a muscle

3. The three types of muscular contraction

4. Movement patterns created by muscles

5. Adaptations that take place in the muscles with sport and or fitness